线性扫描伏安法测定废水中镉离子的教学实践

针对＂线性扫描伏安法测定废水中镉离子＂实验中的问题,提出允许适度＂失败＂,引入竞争机制,激发学生学习兴趣和创新意识的教学方法,并结合教学案例加以说明。     

线性扫描极谱法测定消旋山莨菪碱

用线性扫描极谱法和循环伏安法研究了消旋山莨菪碱在0.3mol·L~(-1)磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液(pH 6.70)中的电化学行为。消旋山莨菪碱于-1.095V(vs.SCE)处产生一灵敏的吸附波,消旋山莨菪碱质量浓度在0.10～10.0mg·L~(-1)范围内与其一次微分线性扫描峰电流i_p呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.06mg·L~(-1)。对5.0mg·L~(-1)消旋山莨菪碱溶液进行6次平行试验,相对标准偏差为0.34%,该方法用于片剂中消旋山莨菪碱含量的测定,测定值与标示值相符。     

Ir(111)表面石墨烯中缺陷的原子结构确认

识别和解析石墨烯中缺陷的精确原子结构是研究不同类型缺陷的物化特性, 实现石墨烯物性调控的前提, 可以为在原子尺度研究石墨烯缺陷的构效关系提供重要的实验依据. 本文结合扫描隧道显微镜(STM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)确认了在Ir(111)表面生长的石墨烯中自发形成的缺陷, 以及通过离子轰击方法在石墨烯中引入的多种缺陷结构, 包括单空位缺陷、 非六元环拓扑结构以及石墨烯层下的基底缺陷.     

NaZnPO4催化碳酸二甲酯和丙氨酸“一锅法”合成N-羧基丙氨酸酸酐

以碳酸二甲酯（DMC）代替光气,一锅法合成α-氨基酸-N-羧酸酐（NCAs）是实现绿色制备多肽的重要途径.制备了酸碱协同催化剂NaZnPO₄,用该催化剂催化DMC和丙氨酸"一锅法"合成N-羧基丙氨酸酸酐（Ala-NCA）.在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）溶剂中,150℃的反应条件反应8 h时,Ala-NCA的收率最高为46.84%,催化剂循环5次后收率仍达38.62%.NaZnPO₄中Zn²⁺和O-Na具有有效的酸碱协同催化作用,在反应过程中具有去质子化、精准酰基化和高效成环的作用.利用TG-MS-IR技术研究了催化剂表面上原料转化和中间体精准关环过程,并提出了可能的反应催化机理.     

Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Ce,H3PW12O40 co-doped TiO2 Hollow Fibers

A series of Ce, H3PW12O40 co-doped TiO2 hollow fibers photocatalysts have been prepared by sol-gel method using ammonium ceric nitrate, H3PW12O40 and tetrabutyltitanate as precursors and cotton fibers as template, followed by calcination at 500 ℃ in N2 atmosphere for 2 h. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption mea- surements, and UV-Vis spectroscopy are employed to characterize the morphology, crystal structure, surface structure, and optical absorption properties of the samples. The photo- catalytic performance of the samples has been studied by photodegradation phenol in water under UV and visible light irradiation. The results show that the TiO2 fiber materials have hollow structures, and the co-doped TiO2 hollow fibers exhibit higher photocatalytic activities for the degradation of phenol than un-doped, single-doped TiO2 hollow fibers under UV and visible light. In addition, the recyclability of co-doped TiO2 fibers is also confirmed that the TiO2 fiber retains ca. 90% of its activity after being used four times. It is shown that the co-doped TiO2 fibers can be activated by visible light and may be potentially applied to the treatment of water contaminated by organic pollutants. The synergistic effect of Ce and H3PW12O40 co-doping plays an important role in improving the photocatalytic activity.     

数字离子阱质谱仪低质量截止值的改进方法

本研究在实验室自制的线形数字离子阱质量分析器上,通过改变数码电源的频率扫描方式,在CID过程中,通过扫描数字束缚方波电源的频率和数字激发方波的频率实现母体解离。例如对于利血平母体离子,当将离子数字束缚方波频率从500 kHz扫描到560 kHz,可以测量到低质荷比的碎片离子,成功实现了串级质谱分析的低质量碎片离子的分析。通过与利血平三重四极质谱串级质谱分析实验结果的比较,发现可以在数字离子阱质谱仪上获得与三重四极质谱相同的串级质谱测量结果。结果表明,本方法可以用于低质量离子的测量,克服了传统离子阱质谱进行串级质谱分析的一个主要难点,显著提高数字离子阱质谱的性能。     

Study of In Situ Formation of Magnesium Hydroxide Whisker via Basic Magnesium Chloride Whisker Regulated by Organic Parcels at Low Temperature

In this work, we demonstrate an in situ phase conversion from basic magnesium chloride（BMC） into magnesium hydroxide whisker by using polar organic solvent at low temperature. The morphology and phase composition of magnesium hydroxide whiskers prepared at different reaction temperature, alkali concentration and organic solvent were analyzed by X-ray diffraction（XRD） and scanning electronic microscope（SEM）. It was found that when one of the organic solvents such as absolute ethyl alcohol, butanol, polyethylene glycol（PEG-400）, acetone, et al. was selected as the template, the precursor BMC can transform into whisker-like magnesium hydroxide through precipitate transformation in low temperature and non-hydrothermal system. It can be reasonably explained that the regulation of Mg^2＋ solubility by those organic solvents and the sustained release of Mg^2＋ dissolution by organic adsorption played a significant role in the formation of magnesium hydroxide whisker via BMC whisker as the precursor.     

Microstructure characterization of short-chain branching polyethylene with differential scanning calorimetry and successive selfnucleation/annealing thermal fractionation

A series of the copolymers of ethylene with 1-hexene(M1–M9) synthesized by metallocene catalyst Et[Ind]2ZrCl2/MAO was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and successive self-nucleation and annealing(SSA) thermal fractionation. The distribution of methylene sequence length(MSL) in the different copolymers was determined using the SSA method. The comonomer contents of samples M4 and M5 are 2.04 mol% and 2.78 mol%, respectively. Both M4 and M5 have low comonomer content and their MSL distribution profiles exhibit a monotonous increase trend with their MSL. The longest MSL of M5 is 167, and its corresponding molar percent is 43.95%, which is higher than that of M4. Moreover, the melting temperature(Tm) of M5 is also higher than that of M4. The comonomer contents of samples M7, M8, and M9 are 8.73 mol%, 14.18 mol% and 15.05 mol%, respectively. M7, M8, and M9 have high comonomer contents, and their MSL distribution profiles display unimodality. M7 has a lower peak value of 33 and a narrow MSL distribution, resulting in a Tm lower than that of M8 and M9. The MSL and its distribution are also key points that influence the melting behavior of copolymers. Sometimes, MSL and its distribution of copolymers have a greater impact on it than the total comonomer contents, which is different from traditional views.     

Electrospinning of nylon-6,6 solutions into nanofibers: Rheology and morphology relationships

The relationship between the rheological properties of nylon-6,6 solutions and the morphology of their electrospun nanofibers was established. The viscosity of nylon-6,6 in formic acid(90%) was measured in the concentration range of 5 wt%-25 wt% using a programmable viscometer. Electrospinning of nylon-6,6 solutions was carried out under controlled parameters. The chemical structure, morphology and thermal properties of the obtained nanofibers were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), respectively. Entanglement concentration(ce) was found to be 15 wt% and a power law relationship between specific viscosity and solution concentration was observed with exponents of 2.0 and 3.3 for semi-dilute unentangled(c ce) and semi-dilute entangled(c ce) regimes, respectively. The diameter and uniformity of the nanofibers were found to be dependent on the viscosity. Moreover, the average diameter of electrospun nanofibers was found to be dependent on zero shear rate viscosity and normalized concentration(c/ce) in a power law relationship with exponents of 0.298 and 0.816, respectively. For nylon-6,6 solutions, the entanglement concentration(ce = 15 wt%) provides the threshold viscosity required for the formation of a stable polymeric jet during electrospinning and producing uniform beadless fibers. For concentrations less than ce, beaded fibers with some irregularities are formed. DSC analysis showed an increase in crystallinity of all electrospun samples compared to original polymer. Furthermore, Based on FTIR spectroscopy, α phase is dominant in electrospun nanofibers and minor amount of β and γ phases is also available.     

Vulcanization kinetics of graphene/styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites

This paper presents the influence of graphene on the vulcanization kinetics of styrene butadiene rubber （SBR） with dicumyl peroxide. A curemeter and a differential scanning calorimeter were used to investigate the cure kinetics, from which the kinetic parameters and apparent activation energy were obtained. It turns out that with increasing graphene loading, the induction period of the vulcanization process of SBR is remarkably reduced at low graphene loading and then levels off; on the other hand, the optimum cure time shows a monotonous decrease. As a result, the vulcanization rate is suppressed at first and then accelerated, and the corresponding activation energy increases slightly at first and then decreases. Upon adding graphene, the crosslinking density of the nanocomposites increases, because graphene takes part in the vulcanization process.