高温水解-离子色谱法测定氮化硅中的氟和氯

采用高温水解-离子色谱法测定氮化硅中氟和氯的含量。氮化硅样品经1 050℃高温水解,氢氧化钠溶液吸收挥发性氟化物和氯化物,使待测元素以相应阴离子形式存在。以8.0mmol·L~(-1)碳酸钠-1.0mmol·L~(-1)碳酸氢钠混合液为淋洗液,抑制型电导检测器测定。F~-和Cl~-的线性范围依次为0.10~1.00mg·L~(-1),1.00~10.00mg·L~(-1),检出限(3σ)依次为0.017,0.026mg·L~(-1)。方法应用于氮化硅样品的分析,测定值与能量散射X射线荧光法测定结果相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)小于4.0%。用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在84.5%~106%之间。     

极谱法测定环境水中四环素的含量

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)对四环素(TC)极谱峰的增敏作用为基础,提出了测定TC含量的极谱法。优化的试验条件如下:CTMAB-Na2HPO4-Na H2PO4缓冲溶液(p H 7.7)为底液,扫描速率0.7 V·s-1,起始电位-0.85 V,静止时间6 s,温度25~30℃。在上述试验条件下,TC的线性范围为0.02~1.0 mg·L~(-1),1.0~80mg·L~(-1),检出限(3s/k)为0.001 5 mg·L~(-1)。测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于4.0%。在3个浓度水平上进行加标回收试验,测得回收率在92.0%~120%之间。     

自动快速燃烧炉-离子色谱法测定煤炭中氯

采用自动快速燃烧炉-离子色谱法测定煤炭中氯的含量。优化的试验条件如下:(1)燃烧管进口温度为950℃,出口温度为1 050℃;(2)称样量为10 mg;(3)以4.5 mmol·L~(-1)碳酸钠-1.4mmol·L~(-1)碳酸氢钠混合液为吸收液。以阴离子色谱柱为分离柱,4.5 mmol·L~(-1)碳酸钠-1.4mmol·L~(-1)碳酸氢钠混合液为淋洗液,抑制型电导检测器测定。以PO_4~(3-)作为内标物,氯的线性范围为0.5~20μg·L~(-1),检出限(3S/N)为0.086mg·L~(-1)。方法应用于煤炭标准物质和实际样品的分析,测定值与认定值相符,测定值与国家标准方法的测定结果相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.4%~7.5%。     

线性扫描极谱法测定盐酸吡硫醇

用线性扫描极谱法研究盐酸吡硫醇的电化学行为,在pH 6.27的磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液中,盐酸吡硫醇于-0.560V(vs·SCE)处产生一灵敏的吸附波,其一次微分线性扫描峰电流与盐酸吡硫醇质量浓度在0.10～100.0 mg·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.07mg·L-1。对10.0mg·L-1盐酸吡硫醇溶液进行6次平行试验,相对标准偏差为0.82%,方法可用于片剂中盐酸吡硫醇含量的测定,所得结果与标示值相符。     

线性扫描极谱法测定盐酸二甲双胍

用线性扫描极谱法研究盐酸二甲双胍的电化学行为。在pH6.85的0.1mol·L-1磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液中,盐酸二甲双胍于-1.165V(vs.SCE)处产生一灵敏的吸附波,其一次微分线性扫描峰电流与盐酸二甲双胍质量浓度在0.41～41.0mg·mL-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.28mg·mL-1。对41.0mg·mL-1盐酸二甲双胍溶液进行6次平行试验,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.72%。此方法已用于测定其片剂中盐酸二甲双胍的含量。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定大气颗粒物中的12种重金属元素含量

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定大气颗粒物中12种重金属元素的含量。用石英滤膜收集大气颗粒物中的12种重金属元素,分别采用电热板和微波消解法处理样膜。电热板消解时,12种重金属元素的检出限在0.001~0.07 mg·L~(-1)之间,测定下限在0.004~0.28mg·L~(-1)之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.78%~5.8%之间。微波消解时,12种重金属元素的检出限在0.001~0.05mg·L~(-1)之间,测定下限在0.004~0.20mg·L~(-1)之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.46%~4.5%之间。应用该方法分析了标准样品,所得测定值与认定值相符。     

离子色谱法测定碳酸锂中氯离子和硫酸根离子的含量

取碳酸锂样品0.500g,加适量水溶解,用水定容至100mL。分取试液10.00mL在不去除碳酸根基体的前提下直接进行离子色谱分析。采用阴离子交换柱Dionex IonPac AS11作为分离柱,用氢氧化钾淋洗液发生器产生的15mmol·L~(-1) KOH溶液为流动相,流量为1.0mL·min~(-1),柱温为30℃进行色谱分离和测定。氯离子和硫酸根离子的线性范围分别在16.0mg·L~(-1)和3.2mg·L~(-1)以内,检出限(3s/k)分别为0.004,0.01mg·L~(-1)。对同一个样品进行精密度试验,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于2.7%。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率在93.8%~106%之间。分析结果表明,样品测定结果与电化学法和在线去除基体离子色谱法的测定结果相符。     

线性扫描极谱法测定辛伐他汀

用线性扫描极谱法研究辛伐他汀的电化学行为。在pH 6.88的0.12mol·L-1磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液中,辛伐他汀于-1.188V(vs.SCE)处产生一灵敏的吸附波,其一次微分线性扫描峰电流与辛伐他汀质量浓度在0.01～5.0mg·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为7.0μg·L-1。对5.0mg·L-1辛伐他汀溶液进行6次平行试验,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.53%,方法可用于测定其片剂中辛伐他汀含量。     

Co(Ⅱ)-色氨酸络合吸附波的研究

用线性扫描吸附伏安法研究了Co(Ⅱ)与色氨酸络合物在悬汞电极上的伏安特性及机理,发现电极反应为吸附在电极表面的Co(Ⅱ)L_2的不可逆还原。在0.05ml·L~(-1)氨—氯化铵介质中,络合物导数峰电流与钻浓度在1.0×10~(-8)～1.0×10~(-6)mol·L~(-1)范围内呈线性,检出下限5.0×10~(-9)mol·L~(-1)。并将此法用于生物样品中钴的测定。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定镍精矿中Ga、Ge、Se、Cd、In、Te、La和Tl

样品经硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢(3+1+1+1)混合液微波消解后,加入硝酸(1+1)溶液溶解盐类,定容后供电感耦合等离子体质谱分析。以~(103)Rh和~(232)Th为内标,采用校正方程消除质谱干扰。Se的线性范围为0.500~500.0μg·L~(-1),其他7种元素的线性范围均为0.050~100.0μg·L~(-1),8种元素的检出限(3s)在0.01~0.8 mg·kg~(-1)之间。加标回收率在90.9%~113%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=4)在0.90%~7.7%之间。方法用于测定镍精矿标准物质中Cd,测定值与认定值相符。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.