空气中平面激波同圆柱的非定常干涉

平面激波在圆柱上的反射与绕射是目前国内外研究激波非线性复杂现象的典型课題。近年来,Takayama(1987)在入射激波马赫数M_i=1.3及2.6的条件下,得到了在圆柱周围的激波绕射与反射的光测实验结果。众所周知,激波在圆柱上的反射与绕射是一非定常现象,为了了解和分析整个非定常过程的发展和变化,应得到圆柱后较远区域的结果。本文利用两次曝光全息激光干涉仪不仅得到了圆柱周围的波系图案,而且也得到了激波脱离圆柱后驻点后约10倍圆柱直径的范围内的流动形态。同时也给出了不同M_i条件下的三波点轨迹和入射激波与反射激波之间夹角ω随距离变化的实验结果。     

铝粉湍流火焰诱导激波现象的实验研究

粉尘湍流火焰诱导激波问题是工业灾害研究中的重要课题．本文在自行设计的大型卧式燃烧管内，对铝粉火焰诱导激波现象进行了实验研究，测试了湍流火焰阵面前压缩波到激波的转捩过程，并将实验结果与数值模拟结果进行了比较．     

爆轰波通过扩张喷管的双曝光全息实验和数值研究

结合实验和数值模拟方法,对以脉冲爆轰发动机为背景的爆轰波通过扩张喷管的流动进行了系列研究。实验采用双曝光全息干涉方法对爆轰波绕射流场进行测量,得到了比传统的纹影法更清晰和可定量化的照片。发展了基于非结构四边形网格自适应有限体积程序,结合基元化学反应模型对扩张喷管中爆轰化学反应流场进行了数值模拟,模拟结果与实验照片吻合较好。实验和数值模拟结果表明,爆轰波绕射具有许多和激波绕射不同的流场特征,其中包括二次起爆现象、化学反应面与前导激波相脱离而引起的复杂流场等,同时初始压力和扩张角度变化也对爆轰波绕射过程产生较大影响,初始压力越低,化学反应区和前导激波分离现象越明显,且前导激波的曲率越大。     

扩张管内爆轰波临界传播特性的研究

假设重点火位置沿扩张管内扰动区的最后一道特征线，结合描述爆轰波绕射后重点火产生的特征量Ｍ／ｙｓ与沿胞格长度方向诱导激波与化学反应区分离时爆轰波阵面衰减的速度梯度△ＭＣＪ／Ｌｃ，本文得到了临界条件下扩张管内爆轰波维持传播而不熄灭的重点火准则。利用Ｗｈｉｔｈａｍ的激波线射理论，由重点火准则导出了任意扩张管角度下爆轰波胞格尺寸的计算公式。计算结果与实验结果相比，二者不仅趋势一致，而且量值也很接近。     

炮口二次燃烧的正激波点火模型

本文提出了考虑炮口激波结构中的正激波强度、化学动力学和湍流射流混合的预测炮口二次燃烧点火的模型,得到了与实验相一致的结果。     

竖直平面激波与水平热层作用后流场的理论计算方法研究

围绕竖直平面激波与固壁附近水平热层作用问题，提出了流动进入准自相似阶段后固壁附近流场参量的理论计算方法。与已有的Mirels方法相比，本文的方法在下列三个方面进行了改进:（1）舍弃“热层内激波速度与入射激波速度相等”的假定，分析了热层内激波的传播过程，并基于几何激波动力学理论计算热层内激波强度；（2）假定在与入射激波后流体而非入射激波阵面固连的坐标系中，波后流体在定常等熵波作用下，形成沿固壁运动的“活塞”，驱动其前方的热层气体运动；（3）“活塞”内流体与其毗邻的热层气体满足压力和速度连续，不再引入速度比例系数。利用改进后的方法，对于马赫数为2.00的竖直平面激波，在不同热层密度条件下进行计算。本文方法得到的热层内激波强度以及物质界面处的压力、速度和密度等参量，与数值模拟结果偏差均小于10%，优于Shreffler和Mirels计算方法。对于马赫数为1.36的竖直平面激波，当其传播速度小于热层内气体声速时，Shreffler和Mirels计算方法不再适用，而本文中提出的方法得到的计算结果与数值模拟结果和已有实验数据基本吻合，最大偏差约20%。上述结果表明，本文中提出的理论计算方法提高了现有方法的合理性，扩大了适用范围。     

可压缩流向涡与激波轴对称干扰的数值模拟

用ＮＳ方程数值模拟了可压缩流向涡和激波轴对称相互作用现象。数值模拟包括定常和非定常两种情况,计算结果分别与相应的实验进行了比较,结果表明数值模拟成功地捕捉到了激波和旋涡相互作用过程中发生的激波波面变形,激波振荡,涡核变大以及激波波后出现驻点、回流区等流场特征。提出了判断流向涡与运动激波相互作用中旋涡破碎的准则。     

可压缩流向涡与激波轴对称干扰的数值模拟

用ＮＳ方程数值模拟了可压缩流向涡和激波轴对称相互作用现象．数值模拟包括定常和非定常两种情况,计算结果分别与相应的实验进行了比较．结果表明数值模拟成功地捕捉到了激波和旋涡相互作用过程中发生的激波波面变形,激波振荡,涡核变大以及激波波后出现驻点、回流区等流场特征．提出了判断流向涡与运动激波相互作用中旋涡破碎的准则     

可压缩流向涡与激波轴对称干扰的数值模拟1)

用NS方程数值模拟了可压缩流向涡和激波轴对称相互作用现象.数值模拟包括定常和非定常两种情况,计算结果分别与相应的实验进行了比较.结果表明数值模拟成功地捕捉到了激波和旋涡相互作用过程中发生的激波波面变形,激波振荡,涡核变大以及激波波后出现驻点、回流区等流场特征.提出了判断流向涡与运动激波相互作用中旋涡破碎的准则.     

激波在波前有非均匀定常流动的变截面管道中传播及波后流场特性的数值研究

本文采用分裂算子的随机选取法,对激波在波前有非均匀定常流动的一维变截面管道中的传播进行了数值模拟,得到了激波强度和波后流动的变化规律,并对结果作了初步分析。     

Head on collision of a planar shock wave with a dusty gas layer

The head-on collision of a planar shock wave with a dust-air suspension is studied numerically. In this study the suspension is placed inside a conduit adjacent to its rigid end-wall. It is shown that as a result of this collision two different types of transmitted shock waves are possible, depending on the strength of the incident shock wave and the dust loading ratio in the suspension. One possibility is a partially dispersed shock wave, the other is a compression wave. The flow fields resulting in these two options are investigated. It is shown that in both cases, at late times after the head-on reflection of the transmitted shock wave from the conduit end-wall a negative flow (away from the end-wall) is evident. The observed flow behavior may suggest a kind of dust particle lifting mechanism that could shed new light on the complex phenomenon of dust entrainment behind sliding shock waves.      

Head-on collision of normal shock waves with rigid porous materials

The head-on collision of a planar shock wave with a rigid porous material has been investigated experimentally in a 75 mm × 75 mm shock tube. The experimental study indicated that unlike the reflection from a flexible porous material (e.g., polyurethane foam) where the transmitted compression waves do not converge to a sharp shock wave, in the case of a rigid porous material (e.g., alumina) the transmitted compression waves do converge to a sharp shock wave, which decays as it propagates along the porous material. In addition to this major difference, many other differences were observed. They are outlined in the following sections.Based on these observations a suggestion modifying the phenomenology of the reflection/interaction process in the case a porous material with large permeability is proposed.     

[100]LiF单晶在60 GPa以内冲击加载下的高压屈服强度特性

获取光学窗口自身的高压强度特性是开展材料高压高应变率冲击响应行为精密测量和数据反演的重要基础。利用平板撞击和双屈服面法,通过冲击-卸载、冲击-再加载原位粒子速度剖面精细测量和数据反演,获得了约60 GPa范围内[100]LiF屈服强度特性随冲击压力的变化规律。结果表明:在实验压力范围内,[100]LiF的屈服强度随加载压力的提高而显著提高,压力硬化效应显著;同时,LiF在冲击加载下的屈服强度高于磁驱准等熵加载结果,应变率硬化效应强于热软化效应。采用Huang-Asay模型确定了可描述冲击加载[100]LiF强度特性的本构模型参数,为LiF在强度、相变、层断裂等加窗测量实验中的深入应用和数据准确解读提供了重要支撑。     

基于分子动力学模拟的单晶硅冲击压缩相变研究

晶体硅具有复杂的相变机制,在相图研究中受到广泛关注,其在动载荷下的变形机制是当前研究热点。为揭示晶体硅在强动加载下的变形和相变行为特征,基于分子动力学方法,采用平板冲击加载方式,模拟研究了单晶硅在初始环境温度为300 K时分别沿[001]、[110]和[111]晶向的不同强度下的冲击压缩行为,冲击粒子速度为0.3～3.2 km/s。研究发现,随着冲击粒子速度的增加,单晶硅剪切应力在逐渐增加后由于结构相变发生急剧下降,相变阈值和相变机制均呈现各向异性。其中,沿[001]晶向冲击压缩下观察到多种固-固相变以及固-液相变,并观察到与最新文献的实验高度一致的固-液共存现象。研究结果可为动加载下晶体硅的相变研究提供纳米尺度的结果支撑。     

动载荷下材料的屈服强度变化

描述了冲击加载和准等熵加载下获得材料动态屈服强度的方法,并以钨合金材料为研究对象,通过VISAR测试技术测量了钨合金材料在冲击加载下的屈服强度随压力的变化,并把实验结果与文献报道的准等熵加载下的材料强度变化的实测结果进行了比较。结果表明,准等熵加载下材料的屈服强度明显高于冲击加载下的材料屈服强度,并认为这主要是由于两种加载方式下材料的温升效应不同所造成的。     

三维有限体积TVD方法与冲击波的多级扩散研究

将TVD方法应用到三维,给出三维有限体积TVD方法,并对三维冲击波的多级坑道扩散问题进行了数值模拟,取得了令人满意的结果。     

The quasi-stationary structure of radiating shock waves. I. The one-temperature fluid

We calculate the quasi-stationary structure of a radiating shock wave propagating through a spherically symmetric shell of cold gas by solving the time-dependent equations of radiation hydrodynamics on an implicit adaptive grid. We show that this code successfully resolves the shock wave in both the subcritical and supercritical cases and, for the first time, we have reproduced all the expected features – including the optically thin temperature spike at a supercritical shock front – without invoking analytic jump conditions at the discontinuity. We solve the full moment equations for the radiation flux and energy density, but the shock wave structure can also be reproduced if the radiation flux is assumed to be proportional to the gradient of the energy density (the diffusion approximation), as long as the radiation energy density is determined by the appropriate radiative transfer moment equation. We find that Zel'dovich and Raizer's (1967) analytic solution for the shock wave structure accurately describes a subcritical shock but it underestimates the gas temperature, pressure, and the radiation flux in the gas ahead of a supercritical shock. We argue that this discrepancy is a consequence of neglecting terms which are second order in the minimum inverse shock compression ratio [, where is the adiabatic index] and the inaccurate treatment of radiative transfer near the discontinuity. In addition, we verify that the maximum temperature of the gas immediately behind the shock is given by , where is the gas temperature far behind the shock. Received 21 September 1998/ Accepted 2 February 1999     

高速冲击压缩梯恩梯的分子动力学模拟

采用反应力场分子动力学方法模拟了梯恩梯(2,4,6-trinitrotoluene,TNT) 冲击压缩过程. 冲击压缩完全时,体积压缩至原体积40%,梯恩梯分子分解完毕,体系压力达到峰值. 随后稀疏波反向拉伸致大量原子或分子基团飞溅至下游,同时压力开始卸载. 密度及粒子速度剖面显示压缩波后方密度较大,粒子基本处于静止状态,且压缩波内存在较大的粒子速度梯度. 早期化学反应特征是梯恩梯分子在冲击压缩作用下脱落H,O 原子后残基快速聚合形成较大的分子团簇,此阶段和平动—振动弛豫过程相关,并且分子由平动—振动模态转换的时间尺度为0.5 ps. 产物识别分析显示梯恩梯在高速冲击压缩下致C—H,O＝N 键断裂,脱落的原子部分形成OH,H₂,H₂O,N₂,部分H,O 原子游离在体系中. 含碳团簇分析显示,冲击压缩作用致体系中含碳团簇的摩尔质量逐渐累积. 体系内含碳团簇中O/C,H/C,N/C 原子数量比值逐渐趋于平衡(O/C=0.680,H/C=0.410,N/C=0.284),且均小于初始结构中的比值.      

TVD格式中压缩波判别的人工压缩法

提出了ＴＶＤ格式中的一种新型人工压缩技术和ＭａｘＥｔａ 方法,并以此对平面冲击波传播反射问题以及三维冲击波的坑道扩散问题进行了数值模拟,取得了很好的结果。     

Instability theory of shock wave in a channel

The instability theory of shock wave was extended from the case with an infinitefront to the case of a channel with a rectangular cross section.First,themathematical formulation of the problem was given which included a system ofdisturbed equations and three kinds of boundary conditions.Then,the general solutionsof the equations upstream and downstream were given and each contained fiveconstants to be determined.Thirdly,under one boundary condition and oneassumption,it was proved that all of the disturbances in front of the shock front andone of the two acoustic disturbances behind the shock front should be zero.Theboundary condition was that all of the disturbed physical quantities should approach tozero at infinity.The assumption was that only the unstable shock wave was concernedhere.So it was reasonable to assumeω=iγ,γwas the instability growth rate andwas a positive real number.Another kind of boundary conditions was that the normaldisturbed velocities should be zero at the solid wall of the cha