STOCHASTIC MODELLING OF FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH UNDER CONSTANT AMPLITUDE LOADING

Two stochastic models of fatigue crack growth under constant amplitude cyclic loadingare proposed and studied by using the stochastic averaging method and total probability theorem to ac-count for high frequency component and low frequency component, respectively, of the irregular na-ture of fatigue crack growth observed in Virkler's experiment. Particular attention is paid to the predic-tion performance of the models under a change in the initial crack length. It is shown that the modelsproposed in the present paper yields better agreement with experimental data than other models avail-able in literature.     

THERMODYNAMIC AND PARTICLE-DYNAMIC STUDIES ON SYNTHESIS OF SILICA NANOPARTICLES USING MICROWAVE-INDUCED PLASMA CVD

1. Introduction1.1 Silica nanoparticles and synthesis methods Silica (SiO2) nanoparticles are widely used in industry asan active filler for polymer reinforcement, a rheologicaladditive in fluids, a free flow agent in powders, and anagent for chemical mechanical polishing during IC (inte-grated circuit) fabrication (Sniegowski & de Boer, 2000).Silica powder is also used for producing silicon carbide(Koc & Cattamanchi, 1998) or opaque silica aerosols (Leeet al., 1995). Many methods can …     

防护林带：湍流的数学模型与计算机模拟

虽然防护林用于减小风速、控制热量和水汽传递及污染物扩散、 改善气候与环境、增加作物产量等已经有几百年了, 但直到近几十年, 人们才开始系统地研究防护林空气动力学的遮蔽机制.在本综述中,我 们考察了绕防护林带的流动与湍流控制机制,最新的模型与数值模拟 研究情况;通过数值模拟与实验数据的比较,来了解防护林带结构与防 风效果之间的关系;讨论数值分析如何及为什么能够得到所需要的结果. 本文将从多孔隙防护林带流动基本方程组的推导开始,讨论数值模型及 模拟过程,对附体与分离流动进行预测;分析了遮蔽机制与动量交换;对 风向、防护林密度、宽度和三维性对流动与湍流的影响作了系统的论 述.还对热流和土壤水分蒸发的新模型及数值模拟作了简述.最后,我们 对网络工作站、群和高性能分布式并行计算机及其对防护林带模型预 报能力的提高作了讨论.     

LINEAR ACTIVE STRUCTURES AND MODES (Ⅱ) —DISCRETE SYSTEMS AND BEAMS

IntroductionThestudiedobjectintheclassicstructuredynamicsisthepassivestructureswhicharechangedintoactivestructurewhencontroldevicesorsmartmaterialsareintroducedintoandthecontrolfunctionisapplied .Anactivestructureisgenerallycalledactivesystem .Asforthedefinitionofactivestructure ,itistheconceptofworthydiscussion[1].Thedefinitionshouldbebecomingrigorouswiththestudyontheactivestructuraldynamics.Withincertaincategoryofactivestructuresinpaper (Ⅰ ) [2 ],someattributesaboutthemodesoflinearactivest…     

球形压痕的残余变形分析(英文)

球形压痕技术在材料力学属性,诸如硬度,弹性模量等的测量中得到了广泛的应用。应用Twyman-Green及云纹干涉法并配合相移技术,本文对IN783合金进行了一系列的球形压痕实验研究,并对残余压痕的面内(u, v)及离面( w)变形场进行了定量测量和分析。应用面内变形测量结果,进一步对试件表面的应力-应变分布进行了分析和计算,并在离面变形场的基础上,确立了压痕周围的弹塑性边界,从而进一步应用面内的分析结果,得到材料的屈服强度。应用压痕实验的接触半径和压力并配合Tabor经验公式,本文进一步得到了材料的应力应变曲线。实验结果与已知的IN783合金相吻合。对所涉及的一系列压痕实验,本文也进行了二维有限元分析并得到了比较一致的结果。     

MHD effects on free convective flow over moving semi-infinite vertical cylinder with temperature oscillation

Numerical solutions of magnetodynamics(MHD) effects on the free convective flow of an incompressible viscous fluid past a moving semi-infinite vertical cylinder with temperature oscillation are presented.The dimensionless,unsteady,non-linear,and coupled governing partial differential equations are solved by using an implicit finite difference method of the Crank-Nicolson type.The velocity,temperature,and concentration profiles are studied for various parameters.The local skin-friction,the average skin-fr...     

MICROMECHANICAL MODELLING OF STRAIN SOFTENING IN MICROCRACK-WEAKENED QUASI-BRITTLE MATERIALS

By using the concept of domain of microcrack growth(DMG),themicromechanisms of damage in quasi-brittle materials subjected to triaxial either tensileor compressive loading are investigated and the complete strew-strain relation includingfour stages is obtained from micromechanical analysis.The regime of pre-peaknonlinear hardening corresponds to the distributed damage,i.e.the stable propagationof microcracks.After the attainment of the ultimate strength of load-bearing capacity,some microcracks experience the second unstable growth and the distributed damage istransmitted to the localization of damage.These analyses improve our understanding ofthe hardening and softening behaviors of quasi-brittle materials.     

固体润滑透平轴承 第三部分:在316℃下与陶瓷对摩的复合材料的发展

将以前与M-50钢对摩进行过评价的三维石墨纤维编织物增强的聚酰亚胺基自润滑保持架复合材料,在316℃下与热压氮化硅对摩进行了摩擦磨损试验,以确定其与陶瓷材料对摩时在摩擦学性能方面的变化。这些材料将应用在固体润滑的采用高比强度陶瓷滚动元件的高速透平轴承中。试验结果表明,这些复合材料与热压氮化硅对摩时的摩擦和磨损都急剧增大。这是由于从氮化硅环上发生了细小磨屑的物理和(或)化学转移,以及这些磨屑转移到复合材料表面上的缘故。调整复合材料中纤维和聚合物基体的比例,以及用所研究过的两种固体润滑剂混合物之一都可以降低摩擦与磨损。     

Carrier testing program in a high-risk cystic fibrosis population from northeastern Italy. Active recruitment of relatives via probands' parents

OBJECTIVE: To assess the practicability and monitor the results of an active carrier testing program among relatives of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. METHODS: Parents of CF patients in the Veneto and Trentino regions of northeastern Italy were asked to help recruit relatives aged between 18 and 45 years for CF mutation testing. RESULTS: Of 409 enrolled CF parents, 59.6% agreed to send to the CF Center family composition data of relatives up to the third degree, and 28.8% recruited relatives to carrier testing, providing names and addresses of those who, being contacted, expressed a willingness to be tested. The participation of parents was higher if they were young and had a child recently diagnosed with CF. Recruiting parents indicated 333 close relatives (59%) for testing. When contacted by the CF Center, 170 of these 333 (51%) attended for testing. The percentage of close relatives who spontaneously asked for the test was 5.4% before the carrier testing program started; it rose to 25.3% following the introduction of the active strategy. CONCLUSIONS: The participation of the parents of CF patients is an important factor affecting the utilization of testing by relatives. Besides this, the influence of a favorable medical and cultural context (participation of gynecologists and family doctors in testing programs, genetic education of the general population) has to be considered.     

伸缩张量率的抽象表示

本文用“主轴内蕴法”给出右-左伸缩张量 U 和 V 的时间导数 U 和 V 的抽象表示。文中引进所谓“分离技巧”,使能有效地应用张量函数的标准表示。V 的表达式是新的。还给出U 和 V 的两个新关系式。