MORPHOLOGY AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF DUSTFALL PARTICLES INSIDE EMPEROR QIN＇S TERRA-COTTA WARRIORS AND HORSES MUSEUM

Indoor dusffall samples were collected in Pit 1 and Pit 2 of Emperor Qin＇s Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum in Xi＇an, Shaanxi Province, China. The morphological and elemental analysis for long-term （〉10 years） and short-term （～0.5 year） dusffall particles and lacquer pieces on the faces of partly assembled warriors were performed with scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （SEM/EDX）. The results showed that the majority of dusffall samples appeared to be composed of mineral dust particles, fly ash, and biological particles with different elemental compositions. Most of the mineral particles had irregular shapes with smooth edges. Small floccules of calcium sulfate were more frequently observed in long-term dusffall samples than in short-term samples, implying a progressive chemical reaction between continuous dusffall particles and atmospheric sulfur dioxide. Crystals of calcium sulfate were also found near pits on both inner and outer surfaces of lacquer pieces, revealing an acid chemical reaction between sulfur dioxide and lacquer material as the cause of the formation of erosion pits and cracks on surface of lacquer pieces.     

香港花岗岩风化分级化学指标体系与风化壳分带

火成岩的化学风化过程实质上就是碱、碱土金属组分水解淋失与脱硅富铁铝化的地球化学过程。不同风化程度的岩石处于整个化学风化过程的不同阶段,因而具有不同的化学成分和风化度指标。笔者在对香港九龙两个地方5个钻孔共计150件不同深度、不同风化程度的样品化学全分析结果与岩土风化程度宏观判别结果的相互对比、选择和确认的基础上,建立了香港地区花岗岩风化岩土风化程度工程分级的化学指标体系。这一研究成果的提出不仅有利于提高花岗岩风化岩土工程分类的科。学性、可靠性和实用性,而且可以为风化岩土工程特性与风化作用关系研究提供理论依据。     

MODAL SYNTHESIS METHOD FOR NORM COMPUTATION OF H_∞ DECENTRALIZED CONTROL SYSTEMS (II)

IntroductionThecorrespondencebetweenH∞ decentralizedcontrolandmodalsynthesistheoryispresentedinpart (I)ofthepaper[1].WheretheorthogonalityandtheexpansiontheoremofeigenfunctionsofsubsystemsH∞ controlareintroduced .Basedontheseresults,thefollowingsectionspresentthemodalsynthesismethodforthecomputationoftheoptimalH∞ normofthedecentralizedcontrolsystemsandnumericalexamples.Notethatthroughoutthepaperequation(I_n)denotesequation (n)inpart (I)ofthepaper[1].1　OptimalParameterComputationforGlob…     

镍锗尖晶石扩散域高温蠕变性能的实验研究

利用人工合成的多晶材料研究了镍锗尖晶石在扩散域的高温蠕变性质。材料颗粒尺寸为0．5μm到8μm，压缩试件为圆柱状，使用气体介质围压试验机。常压蠕变试验过程中，围压为300MPa，温度为1123K到1523K，差应力在55－330MPa范围内。从实验结果得到的镍锗尖晶石在扩散域的流动律表明流动机制为颗粒边界的扩散蠕变（Coble蠕变）。将橄榄石和尖晶石的蠕变数据外推到地球内部条件，粗粒时尖晶石强度远大于橄榄石，粒度减小时，尖晶石比橄榄石还要弱。     

ELASTIC EFFECT IN DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF PLASTIC CANTILEVER BEAMS TO IMPACT

A lumped masses-springs model is proposed to analyze the dynamicresponse of an elastic-plastic cantilever beam resulting from impact. The numericalresults are in good agreement with those by finite-element approaches. The simplifiedmodel can catch the most essential features of elastic-plastic response of beams; inparticular, it demonstrates the effect of elastic deformation on the distribution ofbending moment and energy dissipation, and provides valuable quatitative results.     

A GEOMETRIC THEORY IN INVESTIGATION ON MODE LOCALIZATION AND FREQUENCY LOCI VEERING PHENOMENA

According to the mapping theory in complex plane,the geometric features of eigen fre-quency loci of systems undergoing free vibrations are investigated.It is concluded that the phenomenaof curve coalescence and veering can be described in a unified manner from the singularities of map-ping from the complex parameter plane onto the complex frequency plane.The formation of a branchpoint in the parameter space is the foundation of explaining localization and veering phenornena.Bythe use of condensation to reduce the dimension of a system,the scope of application of the geometrictheory is widely expanded.The theory is applied to examples to verify the validity of the proposed ap-proach.The present work is an improvement and extension of recent work by M.S.Traintafyllou etal.,     

Marfan syndrome in Europe

OBJECTIVES: Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a relatively frequent systemic connective tissue disorder with an important physical morbidity and mortality. The influences of MFS on physical problems, perception of severity, and impact on the quality of life and psychosocial well-being have been studied only limitedly. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the severity derived from the reported symptoms and subjectively experienced severity of MFS (expressed as a global judgment), with special emphasis regarding impact on relationships and pregnancies, psychosocial adjustment, and differences between the seven European countries. METHODS: A questionnaire designed specifically for this study and translated in each of the native languages was sent to 2,080 members of one of the patient support groups in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. 857 MFS patients of 13 years and older completed the questionnaire and were included in the data analysis. RESULTS: Physical impairments were scored by perception of severity of physical symptoms by the patients (physical severity perception score) and by their perception of the influence of MFS on their life (subjective severity score). Main discrepancy between physical severity perception and subjective severity score was the higher percentage of patients scoring in physical severity perception as severe (53.5%) compared to subjectively severe (26.5%). 61% of those who scored on the physical severity score as severely affected were designated as being mildly-moderately affected on subjective scoring. Both severity scores increased significantly with age. Two hundred-twenty women have carried 430 pregnancies (1.95 pregnancies/woman), with cardiovascular complications in 1.6%. Prenatal studies for MFS were rejected by 7.6% of MFS patients of 25 years and older, 33.6% were undecided, and 48.5% favored prenatal diagnosis for MFS if available. A positive general self-image was reported by 91.5% of patients. However, more than 90% stated that MFS had a negative influence on their sexual relationships, which they ascribed to negative perception of their body image. CONCLUSIONS: MFS has significant impact on daily life activities, but the majority of patients come to terms with their condition. Acceptance is mainly determined by subjective severity, and less by physical symptoms as reported by the patients themselves. It is important to stimulate a positive attitude towards MFS.     

DIFFERENTIAL-ALGEBRAIC APPROACH TO COUPLED PROBLEMS OF DYNAMIC THERMOELASTICITY

An efficient numerical approach for the general thermomechanical problems was developed and it was tested for a two-dimensional thermoelasticity problem. The main idea of our numerical method is based on the reduction procedure of the original system of PDEs describing coupled thermomechanical behavior to a system of Differential Algebraic Equations (DAEs) where the stress-strain relationships are treated as algebraic equations. The resulting system of DAEs was then solved with a Backward Differentiation Formula (BDF) using a fully implicit algorithm. The described procedure was explained in detail, and its effectiveness was demonstrated on the solution of a transient uncoupled thermoelastic problem, for which an analytical solution is known, as well as on a fully coupled problem in the two-dimensional case.     

Hemoglobinopathy control program in Turkey

Hemoglobinopathies are a very important health problem in Turkey. To date many studies have been performed but there has been no national hemoglobinopathy control program (HCP). After the Turkish National Hemoglobinopathy Council (TNHC) was created all centers, foundations, and associations were combined into one organization controlled by the Ministry of Health (MOH). The MOH and the TNHC have started to register the results of the screening of 377,339 healthy subjects from 16 different cities and the recorded average frequency of the beta-thalassemia trait was 4.3%. The highest prevalence of thebeta-thalassemia trait (13.1%) was found in the Antalya region and of the HbS trait (10%) in the Cukurova region. Next, written regulations for the Fight against Hereditary Blood Disease were published especially for preventing and treating hemoglobinopathies. The MOH and the TNHC selected 33 provinces situated in the Thrace, Marmara, Aegean, Mediterranean and South Eastern regions with a high birth prevalence of severe hemoglobinopathies. The hemoglobinopathy scientific committee was set up, a guidebook was published and a national HCP was started in these high-risk provinces.     

ELECTROMECHANICAL WAVES IN CERAMICS——NUMERICAL SIMULATION

A simple one-dimensional model is used to simulate numerically the propagation oflinear and nonlinear waves in a deformable ceramic.The nummrical scheme used providesthe response in stress or strain and electric field within the sample and the voltage at aresistive external circuit connecting the two faces of the sample.Space-time diagrams of thepropagation are obtained for various mechanical loads.The voltage response obtainedagress well with experimental results in the linear regime.In the nonlinear one,thesteepening of the electromechanical wave yielding a shock wave is exhibited.