France: genetics education for non-genetics health care providers

OBJECTIVE: This paper explores the treatment of medical genetics in undergraduate medical education, specialists' training and continuing medical education (CME) for general practitioners, specialists, nurses and midwives. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative survey of websites, published or unpublished documents, telephone interviews and mailed questionnaires. RESULTS: Genetics is a medical specialty in France, and the small number of university professors in genetics are in charge of the genetic component of medical training of all future practitioners. The study was complicated by the ongoing waves of reforms in the French health and educational systems and by the autonomy of the faculties. Specialist training and CME in genetics is heterogeneous and not organised as a priority. CONCLUSIONS: Specialist education and CME in genetics of non-geneticist health care providers needs to be adapted to the fast ongoing developments of this field of knowledge.     

三维运动接触问题的广义Галин定理

本文给出了求解一类相当普遍的三维运动接触问题的分析解法,并且把仅仅对静态接触问题成立的 定理推广到动力学情形,作了严格证明。作为例子,对接触区为椭圆的情形给出了积分形式的解,并且作了数值计算,由这些结果可以看出运动压体速度的效应。     

TiC-Al_2O_3复合镀层和Al_2O_3/TiC叠镀层的摩擦磨损性能

本文报道沉积在不锈钢和以不锈钢为底材预镀TiC底层上的TiC-Al_2O_3和Al_2O_3/TiC镀层的磨损及动、静摩擦系数和硬度的测试结果。作者还将这些镀层与活化反应蒸镀(ARE)工艺沉积的TiC镀层在同样条件下进行了对比研究,发现TiC-Al_2O_3和Al_2O_3/TiC这两种镀层的磨损是磨粒磨损与粘着磨损的总和。与ARE法制取的TiC镀层的测量结果相比,本文报道的摩擦系数值较高。     

CHARACTERIZATIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN OUTDOOR AND INDOOR BIOAEROSOLS IN AN OFFICE BUILDING

1.IntroductionBioaerosolsaremicroorganismsorparticles,gases,vapors,orfragmentsofbiologicalorigin(i.e.,aliveorreleasedfromalivingorganism)thatexistintheair.Bioaerosolsareeverywhereintheenvironment.Underfavorableconditions,bioaerosolsareabletogrowandpropagateonavarietyofbuildingmaterialsandindoorsurfaces,causingindoorairpollution.Therefore,owingtotheirubiquitouspresenceinnature,bioaerosolsasapollutionsourcearealmostinevitableinarangeofenclosedenvironmentsandincommunityair(Kodama&McGee,1986;Lig…     

The educational needs and professional roles of Canadian physicians and nurses regarding genetic testing and adult onset hereditary disease

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the knowledge, professional involvement and confidence of Canadian nurses and physicians in providing genetic services for adult onset hereditary disease. METHODS: 1,425 physicians and 1,425 nurses received a mailed questionnaire with reminders. The response rates were 50% (n = 543) and 79% (n = 975), respectively. RESULTS: Forty-eight percent of physicians and 31% of nurses lacked formal education in genetics. Respondents reported being involved in caring for people at risk for adult onset hereditary disease. Their levels of confidence that they could perform tasks, such as counselling about predictive genetic tests, however, were lower than their levels of expectation that it would be important for them to provide these services. CONCLUSIONS: The expected roles and educational needs of Canadian nurses and physicians have broad areas of overlap suggesting the possibility of combined professional education programs and multiple ways of organizing teams to provide genetic services to people at risk for adult onset hereditary disease.     

REMEDIATION OF POLLUTED SOILS BY UTILIZING HYDROTHERMALLY TREATED CALCAREOUS FLY ASHES

This paper investigates a treated fly ash to act as a synthetic zeolite to remediate soils polluted with heavy metals and metalloids （As, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd and Mn）. Four types of such ＇zeolites＇ were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of a calcareous fly ash derived from Greek lignite-fired power plants： two with excess of sodium hydroxide in a solid/liquid ratio of 50 g·L^-1, and two with excess of fly ash in a solid/liquid ratio of 100g·L^-1. Soil samples were obtained from a former mining site at Lavrion, Greece. Mobilization and transfer of metals to the retention agents was effected by using HCI aq 1M, with satisfactory results with respect to As, Pb, Cu, Mn and Cd. The great variety of metal complexes in soil was found to be of major importance for the effectiveness of the overall process. The final products were solidified either on their own, or by using additives such as lime and cement.     

VITRIFICATION OF LIGNITE FLY ASH AND METAL SLAGS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GLASS AND GLASS CERAMICS

This work focuses on the production of glass and glass-ceramics by using industrial wastes or by-products, e.g., two fly ashes from the combustion of lignite, a slag from the production of Fe-Ni and a slag from the making of steel. Vitrification took place at 1 350°-1450℃ and crystallization was achieved by heat treatment at 900, 950 and 1 000℃. The capability of the waste to be vitrified and subsequently devitrified was determined by XRD techniques. The crystalline phase depends greatly on the structure of the by-product and the heat treatment. The final products showed low leachability and good hardness.     

七十年代的传热学(续)

下面根据传热的机理将传热研究课题进行分类。当然,每种分类法都具有一定的任意性,并且有些是重复的。下面所提的各个项目都尽可能构成严格的研究课题。为便于查阅,大部分项目都注明应用分类的原编号(A,B,C,……)。这种按传热机理分类法可能给人们一种错觉,以为各种类型的传热方式都是独立存在的。事实上,在一个实际的传热问题里,往往有多种类型的传热过程同时存在。所以,希望读者不致在这方面产生误会。下面的排列次序先后并不表示课题的重要与否。     

用边界积分方程法解具有自由边界的粘滞不可压缩流问题

文中提出用边界积分方程法解具有自由边界的粘滞不可压缩流问题。Navier—Stokes方程中的非线性项是通过线性化近似求解的。作为对这种方法的检验,计算了失重情况下容器内粘滞流体因表面张力变化(由温差引起)而产生的旋流,并将计算结果与用有限差分法所得结果作了比较。此外,还初步计算了在管内压力作用下液滴的形成过程。     

DRIVING FORCE AND DEFORMATION ANALYSIS FOR DYNAMIC CRACK PROPAGATION IN GAS PIPELINES UNDER DIFFERENT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

In the light of a growing need for fracture control of rapid crack propagation(RCP)ingas pipelines,a program PFRAC(Pipeline FRacture Analysis Code)has been developed to analysethc various events.In this paper,by using PFRAC for the simulation of axial crack propagation in gaspipelines,a number of dynamic analysis issues rclating to boundary effects for uncracked and crackedpipes are investigated.This indicates that the boundary conditions along the length of the pipe play animportant role for fracture analysis in the pipe.In contrast.the boundary condutions at thc ends of along pipeline have little effect on the dynamic fracture events.