单晶金刚石p型和n型掺杂的研究

超宽禁带半导体材料金刚石在热导率、载流子迁移率和击穿场强等方面表现出优异的性质,在功率电子学领域具有广阔的应用前景。实现p型和n型导电是制备金刚石半导体器件的基础要求,其中p型金刚石的发展较为成熟,主流的掺杂元素是硼,但在高掺杂时存在空穴迁移率迅速下降的问题;n型金刚石目前主流的掺杂元素是磷,还存在杂质能级深、电离能较大的问题,以及掺杂之后金刚石晶体中的缺陷造成载流子浓度和迁移率都比较低,电阻率难以达到器件的要求。因此制备高质量的p型和n型金刚石成为研究者关注的焦点。本文主要介绍金刚石独特的物理性质,概述化学气相沉积法和离子注入法实现金刚石掺杂的基本原理和参数指标,进而回顾两种方法进行单晶金刚石薄膜p型和n型掺杂的研究进展,系统总结了其面临的问题并对未来方向进行了展望。     

Scheme for teleportation of unknown states of trapped ion

A scheme is presented for teleporting an unknown state in a trapped ion system. The scheme only requires a single laser beam. It allows the trap to be in any state with a few phonons, e.g. a thermal motion. Furthermore, it works in the regime, where the Rabi frequency of the laser is on the order of the trap frequency. Thus, the teleportation speed is greatly increased, which is important for decreasing the decoherence effect. This idea can also be used to teleport an unknown ionic entangled state.     

Dynamical study on charge injection and transport in a metal/polythiophene/metal structure

The dynamical process of charge injection from metal electrode to a nondegenerate polymer in a metal/polythiophene （PT）/metal structure has been investigated by using a nonadiabatic dynamic approach. It is found that the injected charges form wave packets due to the strong electron-lattice interaction in PT. We demonstrate that the dynamical formation of the wave packet sensitively depends on the strength of applied voltage, the electric field, and the contact between PT and electrode. At a strength of the electric field more than 3.0 × 10^4 V/cm, the carriers can be ejected from the PT into the right electrode. At an electric field more than 3.0 × 10^5 V/cm, the wave packet cannot form while it moves rapidly to the right PT/metal interface. It is shown that the ejected quantity of charge is noninteger.     

Temperature dependent phonon modes and ionicity of LiGaO2 single crystal

This paper reports that polarized far-infrared reflectivity measurements have been done on LiGaO2 single crystal along two crystalline taxes at different temperatures. The temperature dependent frequencies of the longitudinal and transverse optical phonon have been obtained from the real part of optical conductivity and the loss function respectively. A small Drude component is observed at frequency below 300 cm^-1 which could arise from Li ions or oxygen deficiencies. The ionicity of LiGaO2 has been studied from the analysis of the Born effective charge of different ions.     

可调谐激光晶体GSGG∶Cr3+在低温下光谱压致移位的理论研究

采用单组态坐标模型,应用由对角化d3能量矩阵而获得的波函数,同时考虑了自旋-轨道相互作用和电-声子耦合,并定量计入了4T2与2T1各电子态对R线的影响以及局域压缩率和整体压缩率之间的差异,从微观的角度,研究了GSGG∶Cr3+低温下光谱结构的特点以及压力导致的R1线和4T2宽带的移位.理论计算的结果与实验符合较好,R线的常压位置及其分裂、R1线的压致移位及其"反转"现象和4T2宽带的压致移位都得到了合理的解释.     

血液中声参量测量值与混合定则的比较

本文测量了猪、羊、牛血液的声速和非线性声参量以及血液中水、蛋白质、脂肪的含量.把结果与Apfel和Sehgal声参量混合定则作了比较.指出两个混合定则能够反映血液声参量与其水、蛋白质、脂肪含量的关系,但在精确定量上与实验尚有距离.     

声致生物学效应

本文较全面的介绍了声致生物效应的研究内容，包括超声生物效应，次声生物效应以及噪声生物效应，并综述了近年来这三个方面的研究进展．简要地分析了其作用机理与一些疾病的关系．文章最后阐述了声致生物效应研究的意义．     

管中的驻波:管乐器和簧乐器--物理与音乐之三

管乐器是乐器中的一大家族，主要由各种形式的管状体和激声系统构成．它们的共同特点是利用管中的空气柱振动作为声源，而激声器和管体的形状则各不相同．管乐器可分为两个系列：木管乐器和铜管乐器，它们的主要区别见表1．     

控制颈部开口横截面积的可变共振型消声装置

以前,大多数消声器都是被动式的。而最近对主动式消声器的研究日益多起来了。主动式消声法可分两种方式:一种是采用扬声器等做附加声源,产生与应消去噪声的声压波形反相位的声压波形,使两者相互抵消的方式。这种方式,从理论上说,在相当宽的低频带范围具有消声能力。但是,实际上存在着附加声源的耐久性及其所产生低频波等有关问题。另一种是根据声噪声的频率特性调整消声器的形状方式。本文就是研究这种方式加上控制技术的可变共振腔消声法。这是根据周期性噪声的周期变化,改变共振型消声器的共振腔容积,使共振频率跟踪噪声的主要频率,让共振型消声器的消声能力最大限度地发挥出来。这