“受阻Lewis酸碱对”化学的研究进展

受阻Lewis酸碱对(Frustrated Lewis Pairs,FLPs)是一类具有特殊反应活性的Lewis酸碱对。自发现以来,FLPs受到了广泛关注并在许多领域崭露头角。本文对FLPs在不对称氢化、高分子聚合、CO_2催化还原等应用领域取得的突破进行了介绍;同时对过渡金属FLPs和FLPs配位的过渡金属催化体系进行了综述;最后对FLPs领域未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

高纯锗探测器的广泛应用和自主研制进展

以目前国际上极为活跃开展的暗物质探测、无中微子双 衰变研究为例,评述了高纯锗探测器的重要性及其广泛的应用前景。介绍了己开展的高纯锗单晶、探测器制备的关键技术研究进展:合作单位已研制出了用于高纯锗单晶材料制备的区熔炉、单晶炉;并制备出直径为20  50 cm、纯度为12N(< 41011  atoms/cm3)、位错< 5000 atoms/cm2 的锗单晶;掌握了高纯锗探测器(平面型、同轴型)制备的关键技术,用进口高纯锗单晶材料制备出的同轴型高纯锗探测器对射线的能量分辨率及探测效率均达到进口产品指标,使用自制的12N 高纯锗单晶材料己制备出平面型高纯锗探测器。呼吁加速高纯锗研制的自主创新步伐,尽早实现其国产化目标。The article reviews importance and wide applications of HPGe detector, especially the application on the dark matter search experiment and double beta decay experiment. The research progress on the Highpurity germanium single crystal and HPGe detector in China has been introduced. The cooperation partner developed new type zone-refining furnace and single crystal furnace. The ultra-purity germanium single crystal with 20~50 cm, purity up to 12N(net impurity concentration is less than 41011 atoms/cm3), and dislocation less than 5 000 /cm3 was prepared. The key technologies for preparing planar and coaxial HPGe detector were mastered. The coaxial detector, which has been made of imported ultra-purity germanium single crystal has excellent energy resolution and efficiency as the imported commercial detector. The planar detector using selfmade germanium single crystal was also successfully manufactured. The research group appeals for speeding up the pace of independent innovation on the high-purity germanium, and achieving the high-purity germanium localization as soon as possible.     

烷基锌与亚胺不对称加成反应的研究进展

综述了烷基锌与亚胺不对称加成反应的最新进展。参考文献31篇。     

手性Schiff Base-Ti(OR)4配合物催化醛的不对称硅腈化反应

设计合成了新型手性Salen-Ti(OR)₄配合物催化剂,用其催化一系列醛的不对称硅腈化反应,得到了e.e.值为22.4%～87.1%的氰醇.催化剂中抗衡离子的Lewis碱强烈地影响催化活性,但对反应的对映选择性影响很小,并探讨了其不对称催化反应机理.     

离子基碳-氧键断裂能量的研究(Ⅱ)──负离子基的键能

合成了3个系列芳香类含碳一氧键的化合物,用循环伏安法测定了相关的氧化还原电势,通过热力学循环首次估测了负离子基的碳-氧键的断裂能量(ΔH_cleav[C-O]^·-).结果表明:得到1个电子形成负离子基可以活化碳-氧键。这与具有相同结构的正离子基的情况是一致的,但其活化程度略小。相关分析表明:ΔH_cleav[C-O]^·-vs(ΔE_red[C-O]+ΔpK_a[HA])和ΔH_cleav[C-O]^·+vs.(ΔBDE-ΔE_ox[C-O])均呈线性。讨论了负离子基和正离子基及其母体化合物中键的特征,并与文献中有关的键能数据进行了比较。     

(R)-α-烷基糠胺的立体控制合成

本文以2-羟基蒎烷-3-酮(1)为手性助剂, 经手性酮亚胺(3)的不对称烷基化反应, 立体控制合成了(R)-α-烷基糠胺(5)。反应的对映体过量值经手性毛细管柱色谱测定为91.4→98%。     

Crystal Structure of Ethyl 4-benzoyl-1a,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-methyl-1a-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-azirino〔1,2-a〕〔1,5〕 benzodiazepine-1-carboxylate(C_(28)H_(28)N_2O_3)

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粗糙模糊集的模糊性度量

研究粗糙模糊集的模糊性度量,提出了一种新的熵与条件熵的概念,并验证了这种熵与Shannon熵类似的性质。利用这种熵定义了粗糙模糊集的一种不确定性度量,证明了粗糙模糊集的模糊性度量FR（A）等于0的充分必要条件是A是经典集合且是可定义的。     

新型冠状病毒感染疫情下公众心理健康及影响因素研究进展

新型冠状病毒感染疫情是重大突发公共卫生事件,对全球公共心理健康产生了深远影响.本文对公众心理健康状况、影响心理健康水平的疫情因素(新型冠状病毒感染、隔离、失业和其他应激源)以及个人因素(青少年、女性、医护人员和既往有躯体/精神疾病史)进行综述,并从个人、社会、国家层面分析改善公众心理健康的对策,为应对疫情的长期影响提供参考.     

Synthesis of Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Probe Based on Tetrasubstituted Imidazole and Its Application for Selective Detection of Ag+ Ion in Aqueous Media

A small molecule fluorescent probe, 4-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl]aniline(L) for detecting Ag⁺ ion was gently synthesized via one-pot multi-component reaction catalyzed by H₃[PW₁₂O₄₀] under solvent-free microwave irradiation. When the concentration of Ag⁺ ion changed from 0 to 8.0×10⁻⁶ mol/L in the solution of H₂O/CH₃OH(19:1, volume ratio), the fluorescence emission spectrum was blue-shifted and accompanied by a gradual increase in fluorescence intensity with a low detection limit of 3.0×10⁻¹¹ mol/L. Moreover, UV-Vis absorption titration experiment demonstrated a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio and an association constant of (9.95±0.44)×10⁵ L/mol between probe L and Ag⁺ ion, and thus their complexation mechanism was also proposed and verified. More importantly, this fluorescent probe was remarkably specific for Ag⁺ ion under the interference of other metal ions and exhibited a wide pH application range of 4.0-8.0. Additionally, preliminary application of this probe was also carried out and satisfactory results were shown.