高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱法分析6种氨基糖甙类抗生素

采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱(HPLC-MSn)联用,分离和鉴定6种氨基糖甙类抗生素及其中的杂质,并探讨这6种结构相似的氨基糖甙类抗生素的质谱裂解规律。采用Agilent SB-C18(250 mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为0.05mol/L三氟乙酸溶液-甲醇(90∶10)和0.05 mol/L五氟丙酸溶液-甲醇(65∶35);在正离子检测方式下,用电喷雾离子阱质谱法对阿司米星、异帕米星、大观霉素、威替米星、奈替米星、西索米星及其杂质进行多级质谱分析。异帕米星、威替米星、奈替米星、西索米星及其杂质在二级质谱分析时,均可发生B环(脱氧链霉胺)与C环(氨基葡萄糖)之间的糖苷键断裂,生成脱去C环的碎片离子,并进一步发生A环(氨基葡萄糖)与B环之间的糖苷键断裂,生成A环或B环的碎片离子。鉴定了6种氨基糖甙类抗生素中7个杂质的结构。     

荷移分光光度法测定奈替米星

<正>奈替米星是一种半合成氨基糖苷类抗生素,抗菌谱广活性高,对肠杆菌科细菌如大肠杆菌、克雷伯菌属、肠杆菌属及变形杆菌属等具有良好的抗菌作用。目前,奈替米星的检测方法有分光光度法[1-2]、散射光谱法[3]、高效液相色谱法[4-5]、薄层色谱法[6]和高效毛细管电泳法[7]等。本工作利用水杨基荧光酮与奈替米星发生荷移反应生成稳定的荷移络合物,其最大吸收波长512nm,比试剂的最大吸收波     

奈替米星-刚果红分光光度法测定奈替米星

在pH4.5~6.0和pH1.9~3.1的酸性条件下,奈替米星(NTM)与刚果红(CR)反应,分别生成红色和蓝色离子缔合物,使刚果红红色溶液褪色。前者最大褪色波长位于500nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数(ε)为2.55×104Lmol-1cm-1;奈替米星在0.04~9.5mg/L浓度范围内,遵从朗伯比尔定律。后果者也使奈替米星在一定浓度范围内遵从朗伯比尔定律,但灵敏度不及前者。本文探讨了适宜的反应条件、主要分析化学性质及两种不同酸度范围内的络合比。所拟定的方法简便、快速,用于市售奈替米星药物及人尿、人血清中奈替米星含量的测定,结果满意。     

柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定大鼠血浆中的奈替米星

建立了一种简便、灵敏的氯甲酸芴甲酯(FMOC-Cl)柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱-荧光检测血浆中奈替米星的新方法,同时研究了其药代动力学。对色谱条件进行了优化,采用ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C8柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-水(体积比为85:15),流速为1.0 mL/min,荧光检测激发波长为265 nm,发射波长为315 nm,得到奈替米星的平均加标回收率为96.62%～100.84%(n=3),对奈替米星检测的线性范围为0.045～8.88 mg/L,相关系数为0.9993,方法的日内与日间精密度分别低于3%与3.5%,最低检出限(S/N=3)与定量限(以3倍检出限计)分别为0.01和0.03 mg/L。方法简便、快速、灵敏,样品用量少(30 μL奈替米星血浆溶液已能满足该药含量的测定以及药物代谢的研究),为大鼠体内奈替米星的药代动力学研究提供了可靠的分析手段。     

奈替米星和1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠显色反应的研究及对奈替米星的测定

建立了用1, 2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠(NQS)作显色剂测定奈替米星(NET)的新方法.研究表明:控制溶液pH=10.00,NET与NQS反应生成摩尔比为1∶3的红褐色产物,最大吸收波长λmax=445 nm,奈替米星浓度在6.4～57.6 mg/L范围内与吸光度呈良好线性关系,表观摩尔吸光系数ε＝6.31×103 L\5mol-1\5cm-1,方法检出限为5.9 mg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.81%,平均回收率99.0%以上.该法能直接用于药物样品中奈替米星的测定,结果满意.     

高效液相色谱-共振瑞利散射光谱法测定大鼠血清中的奈替米星

建立了高效液相色谱-共振瑞利散射光谱联用测定大鼠血清中奈替米星的方法.采用的色谱条件为:以C18柱为分离柱,以甲醇(含0.22%三氟乙酸)-20 mmol/L醋酸钠水溶液(8∶92,v/v)为流动相进行等度洗脱.以滂胺天蓝为分子探针,奈替米星在柱后与滂胺天蓝结合生成离子缔合物,产生强烈的共振瑞利散射信号,荧光检测器在激...     

大孔阳离子交换树脂对奈替米星的吸附研究

通过正交实验合成了9种大孔弱酸性阳离子交换树脂,筛选出具有最大动态饱和吸附量的FB-1树脂.采用红外光谱和热重分析的方法对其表征,并研究其对奈替米星的吸附及解吸性能,结果表明:该树脂对奈替米星的吸附符合Langrnuir吸附:用氨水做洗脱剂,0.3mol/L和0.4mol/L的氨水解吸率均达95%以上.FB-1与HD-2树脂比较:动态吸附量FB-1为398.0mg/mL湿树脂、HD-2为232.1mg/mL湿树脂;0.3mol/L氨水解吸,前者解吸率较后者高约15%.     

莫西沙星及其杂质的合成研究进展

莫西沙星是第四代喹诺酮类抗菌药物,具有抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强、低毒等特点,因此在临床上得到了广泛的应用。莫西沙星在生产、储存过程中容易产生杂质,为了确保临床用药安全有效,莫西沙星的杂质需要进行控制。本文主要对莫西沙星及其杂质的合成研究进展进行综述。     

NBS-二氯荧光素化学发光体系测定西索米星

在碱性奈件下，西索米星被NBS（N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺）氧化，其能量可激发共存的二氯荧光素（DCF）而产生化学发光，发光强度与西索米星的质量浓度在一定范围内呈良好的线性关系，基于此，结合流动注射技术，建立了一种直接测定西索米星的化学发光新方法。该方法具有较高的灵敏度，检出限为73μg／L（IUPAC），线性范围为0．1～10mg／L，对5．0mg／L西索米星平行测定11次，其相对标准偏差为2．3％。已用于针剂中西索米星的测定。     

1,2,4-噁二唑类化合物的合成及抗菌活性研究

以对溴苯腈为原料,通过多步反应合成了一系列3-(吗啉苯基)-5-取代-1,2,4-异噁唑类化合物和3-(吗啉苯基)-5-取代-4,5-二氢-1,2,4-噁二唑类化合物,并用1HNMR、13C NMR和MS进行了结构确证。这些化合物对测试的部分革兰氏阳性菌,如金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌显示出一定的抗菌活性,但与噁唑烷酮类上市药物利奈唑胺相比,抗菌活性有明显下降。这一结果表明对于化合物的抗菌活性,1,2,4-噁二唑杂环不如噁唑烷酮结构有效。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.