Simple and economical conversion of organic compounds with H2O2 catalyzed by ruthenium (III) chloride

Six aromatic aldehydes, two hydrocarbons, one cycloalcohol and one aromatic alcohol, viz. benzaldehyde, p‐chlorobenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, 4‐methoxybenzaldehyde, o‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4‐hydroxy, 3‐methoxybenzaldehyde, anthracene, phenanthrene, cyclohexanol and benzyl alcohol dissolved in acetic acid, were oxidized in quantitative to moderate yields by 50% H₂O₂ in the presence of traces of RuCl₃ (substrate:catalyst ratio 85 400 to 387 500:1). Conditions for highest yields, under most economical conditions, were obtained. Higher catalyst concentrations decreased the yield. Oxidation in aromatic aldehydes is selective at aldehydic group only, and other groups remain unaffected. The extent of oxidation in phenanthrene depends on temperature or the relative amount of substrate or both. In this new, simple and economical method, which is environmentally safe and requires less time, oxocentered carboxylate species of ruthenium (III) probably catalyze the oxidation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Liquid Phase and Microwave Assisted Oxidation of Some Hydrocarbons,Aromatic Aldehydes,and Phenols by Cerium(IV) Catalyzed by Iridium(III) in Acidic Medium

Addition of traces of iridium(III) chloride with cerium(IV) sulphate (catalyst–substrate ratio 1:75757 to 1:151515) in traditional water-bath heating resulted in the oxidation of propyl benzene, naphthalene, dimethoxy benzaldehyde, trimethoxy benzaldehydes, cresol, and quinol dissolved in acetic acid to give 70, 33, 96, 74, 49, and 66% yields respectively of the products, while phenol and resorcinol polymerized. Reactants adsorbed on alumina under solventless conditions in a microwave oven resulted in the decrease in yield. Oxidation of both hydroxyl groups takes place in quinol, whereas it was selective at the α-carbon in the side chain and at the methyl group in the case of propyl benzene and cresol, respectively. Conditions were tested for the highest yields under the experimental conditions.     

Liquid-Phase and Solventless Oxidation of Cyclohexane,Benzene, and Other Hydrocarbons by Cerium(IV) Catalyzed by Iridium(III) in Acidic Medium

Oxidation of some hydrocarbons dissolved in acetic acid by cerium(IV) sulphate at 100 °C in the presence of traces of iridium(III) chloride (catalyst-substrate 1:56818 to 151515) in the solution phase resulted in good to excellent yields of corresponding carbonyl compounds. In the cases of cyclohexane and benzene, 44% and 51.8% yields of corresponding carbonyl compounds were obtained, whereas in other cases, yield ranged from 34.9 to 99.8%. Yield decreased when reactions were performed in a microwave oven by adsorbing reactants (except acetic acid) on alumina. Decrease in the yield was probably due to the high temperature generated during the course of the reaction, resulting in the loss of organics from evaporation. Conditions were optimized for the highest yields under ambient conditions.     

Catalysis by Ir(III), Rh(III) and Pd(II) metal ions in the oxidation of organic compounds with H2O2

Catalytic activities of three transition metals, as iridium (III) chloride, rhodium (III) chloride and palladium (II) chloride, were compared in the oxidation of six aromatic aldehydes (benzaldehyde, p‐chloro benzaldehyde, p‐nitro benzaldehyde, m‐nitro benzaldehyde, p‐methoxy benzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde), two hydrocarbons (viz. (anthracene and phenanthrene)) and one aromatic and one cyclic alcohol (cyclohexanol and benzyl alcohol) by 50% H₂O₂. The presence of traces (substrate: catalyst ratio equal to 1:62500 to 1:1961) of the chlorides of iridium(III), rhodium(III) and palladium(II) catalyze these oxidations, resulting in good to excellent yields. It was observed that in most of the cases palladium(II) chloride is the most efficient catalyst. Conditions for the highest and most economical yields were obtained. Deviation from the optimum conditions decreases the yields. Oxidation in aromatic aldehydes is selective at the aldehydeic group only and other groups remain unaffected. This new, simple and economical method, which is environmentally safe, also requires less time. Reactive species of catalysts, existing in the reaction mixture are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三组分一锅法合成(E)-β-(烷氧基)芳乙烯

以苄基醇、二甲亚砜(DMSO)和烷基醇为原料,采用三组分一锅法合成了一系列(E)-β-（烷氧基）苯乙烯类化合物。 该法具有产率高(68%～82%)、操作简单、后处理方便等优点。 产物的结构通过核磁共振谱和元素分析证实,同时给出了可能的反应机理。     

NaIO4-mediated selective oxidation of alkylarenes and benzylic bromides/alcohols to carbonyl derivatives using water as solvent

A new transition-metal-free, sodium metaperiodate (NaIO4)-mediated direct oxidation of methylarenes and benzylic bromides to the corresponding aromatic carboxylic acids is described. Under the same reaction conditions, benzylic alcohols are selectively oxidized to afford the corresponding aldehydes in good yields without undergoing overoxidation. Unprecedentedly, oxidation of benzyl bromide, toluene, or benzyl alcohol with NaIO4 underwent nuclear bromination followed by oxidation to give 4-bromobenzoic acid in 60-79% yields.     

可再生高价碘试剂4-二氯碘苯甲酸的合成及其氧化性能

以对碘苯甲酸为原料,采用“一锅法”合成高价碘试剂4-二氯碘苯甲酸（1）,其结构经¹H NMR和IR确证。考察了其对取代苯甲醇的氧化性能。结果表明：1对4-(二甲氨基)苄醇的氧化性能最高,收率93%。     

An efficient synthesis of benzyl bromides from aromatic aldehydes using polymethylhydrosiloxane and (bromodimethyl)sulfonium bromide or N-bromosuccinimide

Polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) in combination with (bromodimethyl)sulfonium bromide or NBS has been utilized for the first time for reductive bromination of aromatic aldehydes at room temperature to afford the corresponding benzyl bromides in excellent yields.     

新型2-(芳氨基乙基氨基)苯甲醇的合成及其杀菌活性

2-氨基苯甲醇及其衍生物是一类很重要的具有双官能团的化合物,在有机化学和药物合成中具有广泛的用途。本文主要提供了一种简单、有效合成2-(芳氨基乙基氨基)苯甲醇类化合物的方法,同时测定了目标化合物的杀菌活性。溴乙酰芳胺与2-氨基苯甲醇经N-烷基化反应生成2-[(2-羟甲基苯基)氨基]乙酰芳胺类化合物3,然后经LiAlH4还原生成了一系列结构新颖的2-(芳氨基乙基氨基)苯甲醇类化合物5a~5i,产率为76%~95%。用IR、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和元素分析等对产物结构进行了表征。目标化合物的杀菌活性结果表明,在测试浓度下,大部分显示中等至良好的活性,化合物5e对辣椒疫霉病菌的抑制活性达73.0%。     

Effective preparation of 5, 5'-(arylmethylene)bis(4-hydroxythiazole-2(3H)-one) in an aqueous fluoroalcohol solvent system under ultrasound irradiation at room temperature

A green and convenient approach for the synthesis of a series of 5,5'-(arylmethylene)bis(4-hydroxythiazole-2(3H)-one) by the reaction of aryl aldehydes, monochloroacetic acid and ammonium thiocyanate in water/trifluoroethanol(TFE) (1:1) under ultrasound irradiation at room temperature is described. This method provides several advantages such as environmental friendliness, shorter time, excellent yields, and simple work-up procedure.     

新型树枝状分子3,5-二[3,5-二(4-羧基苯甲氧基)苯甲氧基]苯甲醇的合成

采用收敛法,以对氰基苄溴和3,5-二羟基苯甲醇为原料,依次合成了端基为腈基的芳醚树枝状分子3,5-二(4-腈基苯甲氧基)苯甲醇(4)和3,5-二[3,5-二(4-腈基苯甲氧基)苯甲氧基]苯甲醇(6);4与6分别经水解制得以羧基为端基的新型芳基苄醚树枝状分子3,5-二(4-羧基苯甲氧基)苯甲醇和3,5-二[3,5-二(4-羧基苯甲氧基)苯甲氧基]苯甲醇,其结构经UV-Vis,1H NMR,IR,MS和元素分析表征.     

Novel,Simple, and Efficient Synthesis of 3-(2-(5-(Benzylideneamino)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)thiazol-4-yl)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one Derivatives via a One-Pot,Four-Component Condensation Reaction

The synthesis of 3-(2-(5-(benzylideneamino)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)thiazol-4-yl)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one derivatives was achieved through a one-pot, four-component reaction involving condensation of 3-(2-bromoacetyl)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one, thiosemicarbazide, phenacylcyanaide, and various aryl aldehydes in dry alcohol and few drops of acetic acid under reflux condition. This four-component reaction has some advantages such as ease of handling, good yields, and easy workup. All structures of newly prepared compounds were confirmed by analytical and spectral data.     

Synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones catalyzed by α-chymotrypsin

We discovered that α-chymotrypsin has a promiscuous ability to catalyze the cyclocondensation of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with 2-aminobenzamides to afford the corresponding 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones successfully in high yields (90%-98%) under alcohol solvent. The catalytic activity of α-chymotrypsin was evaluated through investigating the temperature, the enzyme loading and the ratio of substrates in the enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The present method proves to be efficient and environmentally friendly in terms of short reaction time, high yield, green catalyst and the clean products obtained without further purification processes.     

Asymmetric Henry reaction catalyzed by oxazolinyl Cu(II) complexes

A novel family of oxazolinyl copper(II) catalysts have been developed and used as Lewis acid catalysts in the asymmetric Henry reaction of various aldehydes with nitromethane. The corresponding nitroalcohol products were obtained in moderate yields (40–80%) and with moderate enantioselectivity (10–40% ee).     

N,N'-二(2-羟苄基)取代咪唑烷的合成、表征及抑菌活性

利用生物活性叠加原理,将"邻羟苯基"和"咪唑烷"分子片断有机结合,以水杨醛和乙二胺为起始原料,经缩合、NaBH4还原制得N,N'-二邻羟苄基乙二胺(2),进而与芳醛类化合物缩合关环,合成了8种N,N'-二(2-羟苄基)取代咪唑烷类化合物(3a～3h). 化合物的结构经1H NMR、IR、MS和元素分析等测试技术进行了表征. 结果表明,水杨醛与乙二胺的缩合反应,可专一性地生成对称双缩席夫碱化合物(1);芳醛上的取代基对缩合关环反应有显著影响,邻、对位吸电基可使芳醛的羰基活化,有利于缩合关环反应的进行,邻、对位供电基可使芳醛的羰基钝化,不利于缩合关环反应进行. 抑菌测试结果表明,质量分数为0.1%时,N,N'-二(2-羟苄基)取代咪唑烷化合物对不同菌株的抑菌活性具有明显的特异性,对白色念珠菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌率达100%.     

负载型二乙酰氧碘苯与功能离子液体协同氧化醇为醛酮

将聚苯乙烯树脂(PS)先碘化再乙酰基化,制得了负载型二乙酰氧碘苯(PS-DIB)作为氧化剂。2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧自由基哌啶醇(TeMPO)与1,4-二溴丁烷反应生成4-溴丁氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-氧化物,再与N-甲基咪唑发生季铵化反应,生成的溴化季铵盐与四氟硼酸钠进行离子交换制得氟硼酸型2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧自由基哌啶负载离子液体(TeMPO-IL)。室温下,以离子液体1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([bmim]BF4)为溶剂,PS-DIB为氧化剂,TeMPO-IL为催化剂,选择性协同氧化各种醇为相应的醛或酮。在实验条件范围内未检测到羧酸副产物。氧化剂、催化剂和溶剂均可循环使用,在苯甲醇的氧化中,循环使用5次,反应的转化率和收率均保持基本不变。     

5-(2’-羧乙基)-6-烷基-3,4-二氢吡喃酮的合成

吡喃酮是许多天然产物的结构单元,我们曾由4-异丁酰基庚二酸在过量醋酸酐及乙酰氯存在下回流得到7-氧代-8,8-二甲基-△~9-六氢香豆素.本文由二氰乙基-β-二酮进行酮解水解反应得到4-酰基庚二酸1_(a-c)。 在过量醋酸酐、乙酰氯存在下由1_a、1_c为底物进行反应没有得到双环的香豆素衍生物.其产物和单纯以乙酐为缩合剂时的产物2_a、2_c相同,产率分别为68％、63％。2_c可在硫酸铁催化     

Lewis acid-promoted deoxygenative di[beta,beta-bis(ethylthio)]vinylation of aldehydes with trimethylsilylketene bis(ethylthio)acetal

Silylketene dithioacetal 1 reacted with aldehydes 2a-o, 14, or cinnamaldehyde (11) in the presence of Lewis acid to give deoxygenative divinylation products, 3-substituted 1,4-pentadienes 3a-o, 15, or 5-phenyl-1,3,6-heptatriene 13b, in good to moderate yields. Similar reaction with 2-aminobenzaldehyde (16) or salicylaldehyde (17) produced quinoline 19 or chroman 20 in 40-58% yield. Treatment of 1 with alpha-diketones 22a-c or alpha-ketoester 24 led to tetrasubstituted furans 23a-c or allylic alcohol 25, respectively, in rather low yields. The formation mechanisms of these products are discussed.     

A Novel Oxidizing Reagent Based on Potassium Ferrate(VI)(1)

A new, efficient preparation has been devised for potassium ferrate(VI) (K(2)FeO(4)). The ability of this high-valent iron salt for oxidizing organic substrates in nonaqueous media was studied. Using benzyl alcohol as a model, the catalytic activity of a wide range of microporous adsorbents was ascertained. Among numerous solid supports of the aluminosilicate type, the K10 montmorillonite clay was found to be best at achieving quantitative formation of benzaldehyde, without any overoxidation to benzoic acid. The roles of the various parameters (reaction time and temperature, nature of the solvent, method of preparation of the solid reagent) were investigated. The evidence points to a polar reaction mechanism. The ensuing procedure was applied successfully, at room temperature, to oxidation of a series of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, to oxidative coupling of thiols to disulfides, and to oxidation of nitrogen derivatives. At 75 degrees C, the reagent has the capability of oxidizing both activated and nonactivated hydrocarbons. Toluene is turned into benzyl alcohol (and benzaldehyde). Cycloalkanes are also oxidized, in significant (30-40%) yields, to the respective cycloalkanols (and cycloalkanones). Thus, potassium ferrate, used in conjunction with an appropriate heterogeneous catalyst, is a strong and environmentally friendly oxidant.     

A new class of heterocycles: 1,4,3,5-oxathiadiazepane 4,4-dioxides

This work reports the synthesis of novel 1,4,3,5-oxathiadiazepanes 4,4-dioxides from the reaction of N'-benzyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-sarcosine or proline sulfamide with aromatic aldehydes under acid catalysis. To prepare the starting materials N-Boc-sulfamide derivatives of sarcosine or proline were alkylated with benzyl alcohol under Mitsunobu reaction conditions, the Boc group was removed chemoselectively by acidolysis, and the resulting product reduced to the corresponding alcohol in good yields.