柴油机烟碳的微波加热燃烧Ⅲ.铜催化剂的影响

柴油机烟碳的微波加热燃烧Ⅲ．铜催化剂的影响吕晓慧马建新李平朱兵刘士宁（华东理工大学工业催化研究所，上海２００２３７）方明刘毅庭（香港科技大学研究中心）关键词柴油机烟碳，微波加热，催化燃烧，铜催化剂作者在前文［１，２］研究了柴油机烟碳的微波加热燃...     

纳米SnO2的制备

ＳｎＯ２在陶瓷、气敏半导体材料及催化剂等方面被广泛应用［１］．纳米级的ＳｎＯ２因具有明显的表面效应而受到关注，其制备方法也受到重视［２］．纳米ＳｎＯ２的制备方法较多，有沉淀法［２］、水热法［３，４］、溶胶－凝胶法［５］、火焰合成法［６］等．然而要制备...     

过硫酸钾引发丙烯酰胺微乳液聚合

以山梨醇酐单月桂酸醋（Ｓｐａｎ２０）和聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐单硬醋酸酯（Ｔｗｅｅｎ６０）的混合物为乳化剂制备丙烯酰胺微乳液，研究了体系中Ｔｗｅｅｎ６０浓度、水相丙烯酰胺浓度对微乳液电导行为的影响．用过硫酸钾引发微乳液聚合，发现聚合开始后，体系电导率迅速下降，在聚合进入恒速期后电导不再降低．聚合的动力学表达式为：Ｒｐ∝［ＡＭ］１．１７［Ｅ］－１．２６［Ｉ］０．５；Ｍｖ∝［ＡＭ］１．０５［Ｅ］－０．９４［Ｉ］－０．６２．它与常规乳液聚合的动力学相差较大，却类似于悬浮聚合．     

烧伤病人血浆和痂下组织中头孢噻甲羧肟的高效液相色谱测定及其药代动力学研究

烧伤病人血浆和痂下组织中头孢噻甲羧肟的高效液相色谱测定及其药代动力学研究尤忠义，雷政宏，宗光全（第三军医大学烧伤研究所重庆６３００３８）１前言感染是烧伤病人的重要死亡原因之一￣［１］．而创面则是烧伤感染的重要来源￣［２］，抗生素是防治烧伤感染的常用药...     

[Ln(EO_2)_3](ClO_4)_3·3H_2O的晶体结构研究

合成了希土高氯酸盐开环冠醚二缩乙二醇（ＥＯ２）晶体，（Ｌｎ＝Ｎｄ，Ｈｏ），测定了结构，文内以Ｎｄ－Ｌ的数据为主要研究对象（方括号内是Ｈｏ－Ｌ的数据）。晶体属单斜晶系，Ｐ２１／ｎ空间群，化学式［Ｌｎ（ＥＯ２）３］（ＣｌＯ４）３·３Ｈ２Ｏ，晶胞参数为：ａ＝１４．１２４（１）［１４．０８７］，ｂ＝１３．９９０（１）［１４．０３９］，ｃ＝１５．２６５（１）［１５．０１４］；β＝９５．７８（１）［９５．６４］°；Ｖ＝３００１．１（６）［２９５５］３；Ｍｒ＝８１５．０１［８３５．７０］；Ｚ＝４；Ｄｃ＝１．８０４［１．８６５］ｇ／ｃｍ３；石墨单色器，μ（ＭｏＫα）＝２．０９［３．０７］ｍｍ－１，最终偏离因子Ｒ＝０．０５５［０．０７４］，ＲＷ＝０．０７１［０．１０９］。研究结果表明晶体具有相同的结构，配位多面体为九配位三帽三棱柱。发现ＥＯ２醚链有绕Ｃ－Ｃ键呈ＳＴＴＳ分布的规律。弱配体高氯酸根不参加配位。     

CO在Ni/Al2O3催化剂上的歧化和氧化反应

Ｐｅｎａ等［１］认为ＣＯ的歧化反应是甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应中积碳的来源之一．Ｃｌａｒｉｄｇｅ等［２］在研究不同温度下负载型Ｎｉ催化剂对纯甲烷和纯ＣＯ的碳形成的催化作用时发现，在不同温度下催化剂对甲烷分解和ＣＯ歧化反应的催化程度不同，在甲烷部分氧化的...     

C2H3自由基与O2反应的红外发射光谱及反应通道

不饱和多原子Ｃ２Ｈ３自由基在碳氢化合物燃烧过程中起着非常重要的作用,其各种基元反应影响整个燃烧过程的速率和形成的产物［１－３］．Ｇｕｔｍａｎ和合作者［６］测量了总包反应在室温的速率常数（（１． ０６±０． ２１） ×１０－１１ｃｍ３· ｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅ－１· ｓ－１）,仅检测到ＨＣＯ和Ｈ２ＣＯ两个反应产物,Ｓｌａｇｌｅ和合作者［７］使用光电离质谱法研究了温度在２９９－１００５ Ｋ范围内,宏观反应的Ａｒｒｈｅｎ－ｎｉｕｓ表达式 ｋ＝（６． ９２±０． １７）×１０－１２ｅｘｐ（（１２０±１２）／ Ｔ） ｃｍ…     

负载型钯催化剂上碳对甲烷燃烧活性的影响(英文)

以ＥＤＴＡ为碳源分别引入到γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和５％ＭｇＯ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３担载的Ｐａ（ＮＯ３）２催化剂上,且分别标示为Ｐａ（ＮＯ３）２／［ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ＋ ＥＤＴＡ］和［Ｐａ（ＮＯ３）ｚ／ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ］＋ ＥＤＴＡ,它们分别是通过改变ＥＤＴＡ对载体的浸渍次序而制备的。用上述仅经过干燥处理的催化剂进行甲烷燃烧反应并对不同反应阶段的催化剂样品进行ＸＰＳ分析。结果发现,引入到催化剂上的ＥＤＴＡ在富氧气氛下,随着温度的升高,原位被自然氧化．部分变成ＣＯ２而逸出,部分成焦而沉积在钯或载体上。在反应过程中有Ｐｄ－Ｃ固体溶液生成。外来的碳无论其存在形式或在催化剂上的位置如何,都显著有碍于甲烷燃烧,使负载的Ｐａ（ＮＯ３）２催化剂变得更不活泼。同时也讨论了在甲烷燃烧反应过程中碳对钯形貌变化的影响。     

铱(I)苯乙胺Schiff碱络合物催化苯乙酮的不对称氢转移反应

以光学活性的苯乙胺和吡啶－２－甲醛缩合而得到的Ｓｃｈｉｆ碱（ＰＰＥＩ）（ＰＰＥＩ＝２－［［Ｎ－（１－ｐｈｅｎｙｌｅｔｈｙｌ）ｉｍｉｎｏ］ｍｅｔｈｙｌ］ｐｙｒｉｄｉｎｅ或２－［［Ｎ－（１－苯乙基）亚胺］甲基］吡啶）为配体，进而与［Ｉｒ（ＣＯＤ）Ｃｌ］２（ＣＯＤ＝１，５－环辛二烯）反应，合成了８个光学活性铱络合物，考察了它们在异丙醇存在下催化苯乙酮不对称氢转移反应的光学活性，发现［Ｉｒ（ＣＯＤ）（ＰＰＥＩ）Ｉ］具有较好的立体选择性．其光学产率最高可达３５．７％ｅ．ｅ．．     

C60、C70与丙酮离子体系的气相反应及量化研究

1990年Kratschmer［1，2］等人实现了C60和C70的宏观量制备后，有关fullerene的化学研究迅速展开［3－5］．业已发现C60具有极为丰富的化学性质．在对C60化学性质的认识过程中，气相离子化学一直起着重要的作用［6］．Roth等人［7］在ICR质谱仪中，制得了C60外部键合金属的衍生物C60M＋；Caldwell及合作者［8］在质谱仪上，利用高动能的C60与轻气体（He，Ne，H2，D2）碰撞，得到了笼内包含轻气体原子的C60；Bohme［9，10］等人在流动后辉光质谱仪上，系统地研究了C60的单、双、三电荷离子与多种有机物的反应，获得了相应的C60加合…     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

黄酮化合物的合成研究进展

黄酮化合物是一类具有多种生物活性的天然产物,其经典的合成方法主要为查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来出现了许多新技术、新方法.本文介绍了2'-羟基查尔酮的氧化关环法、黄烷酮氧化法、改进的Baker-Venkataraman法及其他合成黄酮化合物的方法.