高效液相色谱-荧光检测法同时测定美白类化妆品中的α-熊果苷、β-熊果苷、脱氧熊果苷、氢醌和苯酚

建立了高效液相色谱-荧光检测法(HPLC-FLD)同时测定美白类化妆品中α-熊果苷、 β-熊果苷、脱氧熊果苷、氢醌和苯酚等5种准用和禁用美白成分。以膏霜、乳液、面膜、啫喱和液体水基等样品为化妆品代表性基质考察了样品前处理条件。采用CAPCELL PAK ADME型色谱柱分离,荧光检测器检测。结果表明,α-熊果苷、 β-熊果苷在0.5～50 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,脱氧熊果苷、氢醌、苯酚的线性范围为0.1～10 mg/L。5种化合物在化妆品中低、中、高3个浓度水平的加标回收率范围为80.1%～117.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.40%～8.2%, α-熊果苷和β-熊果苷的方法检出限为2μg/g,脱氧熊果苷、氢醌和苯酚的方法检出限为0.2μg/g。     

黄单胞菌生物催化合成α-熊果苷

 利用黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas) BT-112进行发酵,生物催化合成α-熊果苷. 考察了反应温度、摇床转速和菌体对对苯二酚的最大耐受度、反应物浓度比、反应时间及糖的种类等因素对反应的影响. 结果表明,用本方法合成的产物为单一的α-熊果苷. 在温度35 ℃, 摇床转速180 r/min, 对苯二酚浓度48 mmol/L, 蔗糖与对苯二酚的摩尔比2∶1, 反应48 h的条件下,高达94.3%的对苯二酚转化为α-熊果苷.     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中α-、β-熊果苷及烟酰胺

建立了美白类化妆品中熊果苷的两种光学异构体α-熊果苷和β-熊果苷及烟酰胺的高效液相色谱检测方法。样品用氯化钠水溶液-氯仿(2:1, v/v)进行萃取。固定相为依利特ODS-BP柱(200 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm),流动相为甲醇-水(10:90, v/v),柱温为25 ℃,检测波长为220 nm,流速为0.5 mL/min,进样量为20 μL。在上述条件下α-熊果苷、β-熊果苷和烟酰胺的质量浓度依次在0.07~50, 0.06~50, 0.05~50 mg/L时与色谱峰面积之间的线性关系良好,相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为1.65%、1.73%和1.33%。将该方法用于化妆品的检测,回收率为91.7%～109.6%。该法简便、快速、准确,可用于化妆品美白成分的测定。     

ICP-MS 法直接测定冰芯样品中超痕量镉

采用 ICP- MS法对冰芯样品中超痕量 Cd的直接测定进行了研究。确定了直接测定浓度为 pg/m L 级的 Cd的最佳仪器参数、载气流速、进样速度等与灵敏度之间的关系以及浓度和扫描参数对分析精度的影响。本方法对浓度 5～2 0 0 pg/m L Cd的分析 ,RSD<1 0 % ,回收率在 88%～ 1 0 5%之间 ,检测限为0 .1 5pg/m L     

表面活性剂敏化的铽离子荧光探针对氧氟沙星的测定

稀土Tb3 +能与氧氟沙星形成络合物 ,并发出Tb3 +的特征荧光 ;加入表面活性剂SDBS能大大增强体系的荧光强度 ,由此建立了表面活性剂敏化的Tb3 +荧光探针测定氧氟沙星的方法。用 1cm石英比色池在激发波长为 30 0nm ,发射波长为 5 4 5nm处测定其荧光强度。在pH =5 .5～ 6 .5 ,Tb3 +浓度为 5 .0× 10 -5mol/L ,SDBS浓度为 5 .0× 10 -4mol/L的最佳测试条件下 ,氧氟沙星的浓度与体系的荧光强度呈线性关系 ,线性范围为 5 .0× 10 -8～ 2 .0× 10 -6mol/L ;检出限为 6 .0× 10 -9mol/L。该法可用于氧氟沙星药物的测定     

高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中的芦氟沙星

 建立了测定人血浆中芦氟沙星质量浓度的高效液相色谱法 ,血浆用二氯甲烷提取 3次 ,以 UltrasphereODS(4.6mm i.d.× 2 5 0 mm)为色谱柱 ,流动相为甲醇 -1 0 mmol/L 溴化四丁铵 -三乙胺 (体积比为 3 2∶ 68∶0 .5 ) ,用磷酸调 p H2 .8,检测波长 2 95 nm,流速为 1 .2 m L/min,以培氟沙星为内标。血浆中芦氟沙星的线性范围为 0 .1～ 1 0 mg/L ,最低检测质量浓度为 0 .0 5 mg/L ,回收率为 99.7% ,日内、日间 RSD分别为 2 .3 3 %和3 .83 %。方法简便、快速、准确 ,适用于人血浆中芦氟沙星质量浓度的测定。     

流动注射电化学发光法测定半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽

采用流动注射分析技术研究了半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽对鲁米诺微弱电化学发光的增敏行为。对影响电化学发光的各因素进行了试验和探讨 ,提出了可能的反应机理 ,并建立一种电化学发光测定半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽的新方法。半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽的浓度在 1 .0× 1 0 - 6 mol/L～ 5 .0× 1 0 - 5 mol/L和 1 .0× 1 0 - 6mol/L～ 2 .0× 1 0 - 5 mol/L之间呈良好的线性关系 ,相关系数分别为 0 .993和0 998,检出限分别为 0 .67μmol/L和 0 .72 μmol/L。对 1 .0× 1 0 - 5mol/L的半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽进行 1 1次平行测定 ,相对标准偏差分别为 4.5 %和 3.7%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定浓缩苹果汁中的熊果苷

建立浓缩苹果汁样品中熊果苷的固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。浓缩苹果汁样品用水溶解、过滤后,用聚苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯共聚物(PS-DVB)固相萃取柱净化,外标法定量。测定时用Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm)分离,甲醇-水系统梯度洗脱;MS测定采用多反应监测(MRM)模式。熊果苷的检出限为0.02 mg/L,在0.04～2.0 mg/L的范围内标准溶液的峰面积与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,回收率为75.2%～102.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)低于8.9%。该方法简便、快速、灵敏,可用于浓缩苹果汁样品中熊果苷的检测和确证。     

噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮的电化学性质及应用

在 0 .5mol/LHCl和 0 .2g/L的明胶溶液中 ,利用线性扫描极谱法测定噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮 (简称TTA) ,发现有一还原峰 ,其峰电位是 - 1 .0 0V (vs.SCE)。峰电流与TTA浓度在 2 .5× 1 0 - 5mol/L～ 2 .0× 1 0 - 3mol/L之间存在线性关系 (r=0 .9986) ,检测下限为 1 .0× 1 0 - 5mol/L。利用单扫描极谱法和循环伏安法对极谱峰的电化学性质进行了研究     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定钨矿石中铋

1　主要仪器和试剂WFD- Y 型原子吸收分光光度计 ;铋空心阴极灯。仪器工作条件 :波长 30 6 .8nm,空气 -乙炔流量 2 .2 L/ min～ 6 .5L/ min,灯电流 1 2 m A,狭缝0 .2 mm,燃烧器高度 8.5mm。铋标准液体积分数为 5% ,硝酸溶液 ,质量浓度为 50 0 μg/ m L,使用时用体积分数 5%的盐酸稀释至所需浓度。2　分析步骤称取 0 .5g试样于 1 0 0 m L烧杯中 ,加 1 0 m L浓盐酸 ,低温加热分解片刻 ,再加 3m L浓硝酸 ,继续分解完全 ,蒸发至残余量 1 m L左右 ,取下冷却。加 2 .5m L 浓盐酸 ,用水转移至 50 m L比色管中 ,并稀释至刻度 ,摇匀。待溶液澄…     

电荷注入检测器电感耦合等离子体光谱仪测定非金属元素的分析性能

研究了电荷注入检测器ICP光谱仪测定非金属元素的分析性能。以S、P、As、Se为代表的非金属元素在170－800nm波段内最灵敏的谱线均处于175－200nm远紫外区内。在此区内等离子体有很低的光谱背景发射和良好的谱线测量和背景测量的光度精度。标准曲线线性动态范围在4个数量级。给出了As,Se,S,P主要分析线的灵敏度、线背比、背景等效浓度及检出限。在纯水溶液中的检出限分别为：As 189.142nm 0.003mg/L,P213.618nm 0.005mg/L,S 180.731nm 0.01mg/L,Se 196.090nm 0.009mg/L.     

Production of ginseng saponin and polysaccharide by cell cultures ofPanax notoginseng andPanax ginseng

The effects of various combinations of the two kinds of phytohormones, auxin and cytokinin, on cell growth and production of ginseng saponin and polysaccharide were investigated in suspension cultures ofPanax notoginseng. It was found that a high concentration of kinetin (KT) (7 mg/L) seriously inhibited cell growth, but that of benzyl adenine (BA) did not. Under 0.7 mg/L of cytokinin (i.e., KT and BA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) at 0.2 mg/L was better for the cell cultures than that at 2 or 20 mg/L; and for both naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole acetic acid (IAA), 20 mg/L was their best level for the cell cultures. The highest cell concentration of 11.9 g/L (by dry wt) was obtained with the combination of 0.2 mg/L of 2,4-D and 0.7 mg/L of BA. The highest saponin content of 13.9% was achieved under 2.0 mg/L IAA and 0.07 mg/L KT; its highest production, i.e., 1.13 g/L, was obtained at 0.2 mg/L of 2,4-D and 0.7 mg/L of KT. Under 20 mg/L NAA and 0.7 mg/L KT, the highest polysaccharide content and production were reached, i.e., 16.4% and 1.86 g/L, respectively. In this work, the effects of phytohormones onP. ginseng cell cultures were also studied. A high saponin production of 1.78 g/L was observed at 10 mg/L of indole butyric acid and 0.1 mg/L of BA, and the highest production of polysaccharide (1.95 g/L) was reached with the combination of 10 mg/L NAA and 0.1 mg/L KT.     

电荷注入检测器电感耦合等离子体光谱仪测定铂族元素的性能

研究了用电荷注入检测器等离子体光谱仪测定铂族元素的分析性能。结果表明铂族元素有较好的检出限和10^4以上的线性动态范围，铂族元素间光谱干扰很少，在元素浓度＞1mg/L时测量精度可优于1％，钠对铂族元素的影响是轻微的。     

四磺化酞菁钴轴向配位反应研究

采用分光光度法研究了四磺化酞菁钴(CoTSPc)与配体L(L=en,NH₃,CN^-)的配位反应,研究了配位反应动力学,测定了配合物的稳定常数K,并讨论了配位反应机理。研究表明:CoTSPc与L形成CoTSPc(L)₂的配合物,动力学方程为:-dC_M/dt=kC_MC_Lⁿ,C_M、C_L分别为CoTSPc的单体和配体的浓度(en:n=1;NH₃,CN^-:n=2);CoTSPc(L)₂的稳定常数为:L=en,lgK=4.639;L=NH₃,lgK=5.328;L=CN^-,lgK=9.116.     

Fed-Batch production of glucose 6-Phosphate dehydrogenase using recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae

The strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-181, having the plasmid YEpPGK-G6P (built by coupling the vector YEPLAC 181 with the promoter phosphoglycerate kinase 1), was cultured by fed-batch process in order to evaluate its capability in the formation of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC.1.1.1.49). Two liters of culture medium (10.0 g/L glucose, 3.7 g/L yeast nitrogen broth (YNB), 0.02 g/L L-tryptophan, 0.02 g/L L-histidine, 0.02 g/L uracil, and 0.02 g/L adenine) were inoculated with 1.5 g dry cell/L and left fermenting in the batch mode at pH 5.7, aeration of 2.2 vvm, 30 degrees C, and agitation of 400 rpm. After glucose concentration in the medium was lower than 1.0 g/L, the cell culture was fed with a solution of glucose (10.0 g/L) or micronutrients (L-tryptophan, L-histidine, uracil, and adenine each one at a concentration of 0.02 g/L) following the constant, linear, or exponential mode. The volume of the culture medium in the fed-batch process was varied from 2 L up to 3 L during 5 h. The highest glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (350 U/L; 1 U=1 micromol of NADP/min) occurred when the glucose solution was fed into the fermenter through the decreasing linear mode.     

电感耦合等离子体光谱法(ICP-AES)测定银精矿中铜、铅、锌、砷、镉、钙、镁、锰含量

针对银精矿样品复杂,难消解的特点,研究了不同酸溶法和碱熔法对样品的消解情况,建立了硝酸,盐酸,氢氟酸,高氯酸消解银精矿的方法。根据元素灵敏度和抗干扰性,选定各元素的测定波长。通过酸溶样和碱熔样测定结果比对,验证了方法准确性。建立了四酸消解-电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定银精矿中铜、铅、锌、砷、镉、钙、镁、锰含量的方法,元素的线性相关系数均在0.9999以上。通过共存元素干扰实验,确定了银精矿中高含量元素(铜、铅、锌、铁、锑、铋等)对测定元素结果没有影响。方法检出限：Cu 0.0063 mg/L, Pb 0.0159 mg/L ,Zn 0.0090 mg/L,As 0.0192 mg/L, Cd 0.0093 mg/L ,Ca 0.0084 mg/L, Mg 0.0075 mg/L, Mn 0.0081 mg/L。测定下限：Cu 0.0105mg/L,Pb 0.0265 mg/L, Zn 0.0150 mg/L, As 0.0320 mg/L, Cd 0.0155 mg/L, Ca 0.0140 mg/L, Mg 0.0125 mg/L,Mn 0.0135 mg/L。3个样品的相对标准偏差在0.87%~3.56%之间,加标回收率在95.00%~103.56%之间。方法流程短,操作简单,快速,灵敏度和再现性高,结果准确可靠,可以满足银精矿中铜、铅、锌、砷、镉、钙、镁、锰含量的测定。     

铅-邻菲罗啉-镉试剂体系极谱法测定铅

在ｐＨ７．１的六次甲基四胺和０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＫＣｌ底液中,Ｐｂ＾２＋－ｐｈｅｎ－Ｃａｄｉｏｎ于－０．４３Ｖ处产生灵敏的极谱波,铅浓度在３×１０＾－８￣１×１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ之间与峰电流成良好的线性关系,检测下限可达１×１０＾－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,线性回归方程为Ｉｙ＝５６５．０ Ｃｘ－４１．１０,相关系数为０．９９８１。测定废水中铅的标准加入回收率可达９６．２％￣１０１．７％。     

Gas chromatography/negative-ion chemical ionisation mass spectrometry for the quantitative analysis of morphine in human plasma using pentafluorobenzyl carbonate derivatives

A sensitive and specific method for the quantitative determination of morphine in human plasma is presented. Morphine was extracted from plasma by solid phase extraction on C18 and converted to its pentafluorobenzyl carbonate trimethylsilyl derivative. The derivatives were analysed without further purification. Using gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionisation mass spectrometry, a useful diagnostic fragment ion at m/z 356 is obtained at high relative abundance. Deuterated morphine was used as internal standard. Calibration graphs were linear within the range 1.25 to 320 nmol/L. Intra-day precision was 3.82% (15 nmol/L), 2.85% (75 nmol/L) and 4.13% (225 nmol/L), inter-day variability was found to be 1.77% (15 nmol/L), 4.95% (75 nmol/L) and 9.88% (225 nmol/L). Inter-day accuracy showed deviations of 2.18% (15 nmol/L), -0.72% (75 nmol/L) and -0.13% (225 nmol/L). The method is rugged and robust and has been applied to the batch analysis of morphine during pharmacokinetic profiling of the drug.     

Separation and quantification of beer carbohydrates by high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection

An HPLC method with an evaporative light scattering detector was optimized and validated for quantification of carbohydrates in beer. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a Spherisorb NH2, 5 microm chromatographic column and gradient elution with acetonitrile/water. The determinations were performed in the linear range of 0.05-5.0 g/L for fructose, 0.05-5.0 g/L for glucose, 0.05-15.0 g/L for maltose, 0.05-10.0 g/L for maltotriose, and 0.05-5.0 g/L for maltotetraose. The detection limits were 0.005 g/L for fructose, 0.008 g/L for glucose, and 0.01 g/L for maltose, maltotriose, and maltotetraose. The reliability of the method in terms of precision and accuracy was evaluated in three beer matrices, low alcohol beer, 6% alcohol beer, and beer made with part of adjuncts (4.5% alcohol). Relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged between 1.59 and 5.95% (n = 10), and recoveries ranged between 94 and 98.4%.     

毛细管区带电泳技术快速分离检测爆炸残留物中的无机离子

利用间接紫外毛细管区带电泳方法完成了对爆炸残留物中7种无机离子(K+,NH+4,NO-2,NO-3,SO2-4,ClO-3,ClO-4)的分离检测。阳离子测定采用的缓冲体系为10 mmol/L吡啶（pH 4.5）-3 mmol/L冠醚,K+和NH+4在2.6 min内达到基线分离,检出限分别为0.25 mg/L和0.10 mg/L(S/N=3)。阴离子测定采用的缓冲体系为40 mmol/L硼酸-1.8 mmol/L重铬酸钾-2 mmol/L硼酸钠（pH 8.6）,氢氧化四甲铵为电渗流改性剂,5种阴离子在4.6 min内达到基线分离,检出限为0.10～1.85 mg/L。该方法已成功地应用于实际爆炸物样品种类的判定分析,取得了很好的结果。