气相色谱法测定茶叶中的噻嗪酮、甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷及三唑磷残留

建立了同时测定茶叶中噻嗪酮、甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷和三唑磷4种农药残留量的测定方法。在45 ℃加温条件下,用乙酸乙酯-正己烷混合溶剂提取及活性炭色谱柱净化,用不同配比的乙酸乙酯-正己烷混合液梯度洗脱待测组分,以DB-210毛细管色谱柱分离、氮磷检测器测定。结果表明,上述4种农药在10 min内能很好地分离;样品加标回收率(n=3)为73.4%~96.9%。方法的变异系数为2.49%~3.35%,茶叶（干重）中4种农药的定量检测下限为7.0~12.0 μg/kg。     

固相萃取/高效液相色谱法对火龙果中手性苯醚甲环唑的分离测定

建立了固相萃取/高效液相色谱测定火龙果中手性苯醚甲环唑的方法。火龙果样品经乙腈提取,石墨化炭黑/氨基固相萃取柱净化后进行测定。实验考察了不同手性色谱柱、流动相组成、流速及进样体积对分离的影响,通过优化分离成功拆分了苯醚甲环唑对映体。优化的色谱条件为:Chrialcel IF-3手性柱为色谱柱,正己烷-乙醇(92∶8,体积比)为流动相,流速为1.0 m L/min,进样量为60μL。在上述条件下,4个对映体基本完全分离,分析时间不超过35 min。单个对映体在0.10~10 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.025 mg/L。分别添加0.4、2.8 mg/kg两个水平的外消旋苯醚甲环唑,测得4个对映体的平均回收率分别为83.7%~99.3%和86.4%~91.6%,相对标准偏差分别为1.3%~7.2%和1.4%~3.1%。该方法的分离时间较短,分离效果好,灵敏度高,适用于火龙果等水果中手性农药苯醚甲环唑含量的测定。     

超高效合相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法测定水果和茶叶中手性农药顺式-氟环唑对映体残留

利用超高效合相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱( UPC2-QTOF/MS),建立了顺式-氟环唑在苹果、葡萄和茶叶中的手性对映体拆分与残留分析方法。对合相色谱条件(流动相改性剂及比例、色谱柱温度、背压、辅助溶剂等)进行了优化。样品采用乙腈提取, Cleanert TPT或Pesti-Carb柱净化, Chromega Chrial CCA柱进行分离,以CO2/异丙醇(95：5, V/V)为流动相,流速2.0 mL/min,动态背压13.79 MPa,柱温30℃,离子化辅助溶剂为2 mmol/L甲酸铵的甲醇-水(1：1, V/V),采用超高效合相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱分析测定,基质外标法定量。结果表明,本方法的线性范围为0.01 mg/L ~1.00 mg/L,相关系数大于0.99;在0.005,0.025和0.25 mg/kg添加浓度水平下,苹果和葡萄中顺式-氟环唑手性对映体平均回收率(n=6)为67.9%~92.8%,相对标准偏差小于10%,方法定量限为0.005 mg/kg;在0.01,0.05和0.5 mg/kg添加浓度水平下,茶叶中顺式-氟环唑手性对映体平均回收率( n=6)为74.1%~84.0%,相对标准偏差小于8%,方法定量限为0.01 mg/kg。本方法准确、简便、可靠,可以满足残留分析的要求。     

超声提取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中乙酰甲胺磷与甲胺磷的研究

建立了超声提取/超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定土壤中乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷的方法。10. 0 g土壤样品采用20. 0 m L甲醇超声萃取30 min,取上清液过0. 22μm滤膜后进行UPLC-MS/MS分析,外标法定量。结果表明:乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷在0. 002～20. 0μg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好(r~2 0. 999),方法检出限分别为0. 004 9μg/kg和0. 003 4μg/kg。在0. 400、4. 00、40. 00μg/kg加标水平下,土壤样品中乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷的平均回收率分别为83. 0%～91. 5%和88. 0%～94. 8%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)分别为2. 3%～4. 8%和1. 8%～4. 2%。该方法前处理简单快捷、灵敏度高、定性定量准确,可用于土壤样品中乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷含量的快速检测。     

水果和红茶中腈菌唑对映体残留的超高效合相色谱四极杆飞行时间质谱分析

采用超高效合相色谱四极杆飞行时间质谱,建立了手性农药腈菌唑对映体在苹果、葡萄和茶叶中的对映体拆分与残留分析方法。样品采用乙腈提取,Cleanert TPT或Pesti Carb柱净化,优化合相色谱条件将腈菌唑对映体进行分离,四极杆飞行时间质谱基质外标法定量测定。对合相色谱的影响因素进行了优化,确定最佳条件为:Chromega Chrial CCA色谱柱,流动相采用CO_2-异丙醇(95∶5),流速2.0 m L/min,动态背压13.79 MPa,柱温30℃,柱后离子化辅助溶剂为含2 mmol/L甲酸铵的甲醇-水(1∶1)溶液。结果表明:在0.01~1.00 mg/L浓度范围内,标准曲线满足线性关系,相关系数在0.98以上;在0.005,0.025,0.25 mg/kg加标水平下,苹果和葡萄中腈菌唑对映体的平均回收率(n=6)为62.5%~103.0%,相对标准偏差均不大于9.9%,方法定量下限为0.005 mg/kg;在0.01,0.05,0.5 mg/kg加标水平下,红茶中腈菌唑对映体的平均回收率(n=6)为84.1%~86.4%,相对标准偏差均小于9.6%,方法定量下限为0.01 mg/kg。     

高效液相色谱法拆分苯霜灵对映体

以高效液相色谱手性固定相法在对映体水平上建立了苯霜灵的分析方法。采用OD手性色谱柱,正己烷/异丙醇流动相,流速为1.0 mL/m in,检测波长206 nm,以圆二色检测器对两对映体进行出峰顺序确证并考察了其圆二色特性。结果显示,苯霜灵单一对映体在0.52~259.2 mg/L浓度范围内具有较好的线性,线性相关系数均大于0.9994,最低检出限为0.26 mg/L,在240 nm处的出峰顺序为( )/(-)。同时建立了苯霜灵对映体在土壤、水、葡萄中的残留分析方法。土壤和葡萄样品分别用丙酮和乙腈提取,水样用固相萃取法(SPE)富集净化。土壤中两对映体在0.025~2.5 mg/kg范围内的回收率为93.67%~108.95%之间;水样品在0.005~0.5 mg/L浓度范围的回收率在85.13%~100.79%之间,葡萄样品在0.04~1 mg/kg浓度范围的回收率在83.22%~106.62%之间;相对标准偏差RSD均小于6%。     

联萘酚手性拆分方法及其用于实验室废水的检测

联萘酚是具有手性的药物中间体,其对映体的拆分和检测具有重要意义。建立一种反相液相色谱手性拆分方法,用于联萘酚对映体的拆分。考察了6种不同手性色谱柱的拆分效果,并进一步对流动相配比、柱温和流速等因素进行了优化。结果表明,CHIRALPAKIA手性柱对联萘酚对映体有较好的拆分性能,在流动相为甲醇-1%乙酸(90∶10,v/v)、柱温25℃、流速0.7 mL/min时,分离度最大、拆分效果最佳。方法用于实验室排放水体中联萘酚对映体含量的测定,加标回收实验得到R-联萘酚的加标回收率在80.2%~115%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于7.7%;S-联萘酚的加标回收率在82.2%~118%,RSD在2.5%~9.5%。方法简便、快速、低毒,可用于联萘酚对映体的拆分及在污水中其对映体含量检测。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定茶叶中甲胺磷残留量

茶叶样品经乙酸乙酯提取,上清液于50℃蒸发至近干,加入乙酸乙酯溶解残渣后,经硅胶-石墨化碳混合柱净化。先以乙酸乙酯洗脱去除杂质,再以碱化乙腈洗脱并收集流出液,在50℃蒸发至近干,加乙酸乙酯定容至1mL,供气相色谱分析。采用DB-1701色谱柱分离和火焰光度检测器检测,所得甲胺磷的线性范围为0.010～1.00mg·L-1,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.005mg·kg-1。在0.010,0.020,0.080 mg·kg-1 3个浓度水平下进行回收试验,甲胺磷的回收率在85.0%～90.9%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.2%～4.3%之间。     

气相色谱法测定水中甲胺磷含量

应用气相色谱法测定水中甲胺磷含量。取水样50.00mL旋转蒸发至近干,用乙酸乙酯提取3次,每次用5mL,收集提取液于浓缩管中,浓缩至1mL供气相色谱分析。用HP-1701毛细管色谱柱分离,火焰光度检测器检测。甲胺磷的质量浓度在0.050~1.00mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.001mg·L-1。在3个浓度水平上进行加标回收试验,回收率在84.0%~91.2%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在3.4%~5.9%之间。     

超高效合相色谱法对6种三唑类农药对映体的拆分及其在黄瓜中的残留分析

采用超高效合相色谱法（UPC²）拆分三唑酮、三唑醇、己唑醇、戊唑醇、联苯三唑醇、腈菌唑等6种三唑类农药对映体,并测定了黄瓜中6种三唑类农药对映体的残留量。样品经乙腈均质提取,石墨化炭黑（GCB）、自制弗罗里硅土柱和QuEChERS试剂依次净化后,Acquity Trefoil AMY1手性色谱柱分离,以超临界二氧化碳-甲醇等助溶剂为流动相进行梯度洗脱,外标法定量。方法定量限（S/N>10）均为0.1 mg/kg,在黄瓜中分别添加0.1、0.2、0.5 mg/kg 3个水平的三唑类农药对映体,其回收率为65.1%~116%,相对标准偏差（n=6）为1.0%~9.6%。该方法实现了对6种三唑类农药16种对映体的拆分及其在黄瓜基质中的残留测定,可为手性农药开发、使用及相关法规的制定提供科学支撑。     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

含茂基苯并三氮唑基镧系有机配合物的合成及表征

三茂基镧系化合物和苯并三氮唑在四氢呋喃中反应,合成了7个未见文献报道的含茂基苯并三氮唑基镧系有机配合物,经元素分析、IR和MS测定,从有关数据推测了这类配合物的可能结构。     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。