QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定土壤中19种氟喹诺酮类抗生素残留

建立了一种基于QuEChERS前处理技术,结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)和内标法,快速测定土壤中19种氟喹诺酮类抗生素(FQs)残留的分析方法。5. 0 g土壤样品添加200μg/kg基质匹配同位素内标后,经20 m L 0. 1 mol/L EDTA-McIlvaine缓冲液和乙腈混合溶剂(体积比1∶1)提取,基质分散固相萃取(150 mg无水MgSO4、15 mg PSA、15 mg C18)净化后,采用UPLC-MS/MS进行测定。质谱分析采用电喷雾电离,正离子扫描,多反应监测模式。在优化条件下,19种抗生素的相关系数(r~2)为0. 992～0. 998,检出限为0. 2～1. 0μg/kg,定量下限为1. 0～5. 0μg/kg;在10、50、200μg/kg加标水平下的回收率为65. 2%～104%,相对标准偏差(n=5)不大于14%。该方法操作简单快速、准确度高,适用于土壤中氟喹诺酮类抗生素残留的检测。     

茶叶中乙酰甲胺磷及甲胺磷对映体的气相色谱法分离与测定

建立了乙酰甲胺磷、甲胺磷对映体在茶叶基质中的手性拆分与定量方法。比较了2种手性柱对乙酰甲胺磷及甲胺磷对映体的分离效果,并对分离效果较优的BGB-176手性柱进行色谱条件优化。茶叶样品经改良QuEChERS法处理后,气相色谱测定,外标法定量。在0.04,0.08,0.4 mg/kg 3个加标水平下,甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷的回收率分别为58.3%~66.4%和50.8%~57.6%,相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于7%。方法检出限为0.003~0.01 mg/kg。该方法简便、可靠,满足分析要求。通过实际样品的检测,发现乙酰甲胺磷、甲胺磷对映体在茶树上存在一定的降解差异。     

应用介孔分子印迹聚合物萃取粮食中的乙酰甲胺磷

以乙酰甲胺磷为模板分子,3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)为功能单体,表面活性剂正十二烷胺(DDA)为介孔模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为交联剂,采用溶胶凝胶技术制备乙酰甲胺磷介孔分子印迹聚合物(MIP),并对其进行了表征。Scatchard分析表明,该聚合物对乙酰甲胺磷有两种结合方式,最大表观结合量Q_(max1)=47.03 mg/g,Q_(max2)=90.31 mg/g;平衡解离常数k_(d1)=57.14 mg/L,k_(d2)=188.68 mg/L。吸附动力学测定结果显示,其对乙酰甲胺磷的吸附符合准二级动力学模型;吸附热力学测定结果显示其吸附为放热过程。将该聚合物用于基质固相分散萃取(MSPD)粮食中乙酰甲胺磷,最佳条件为:聚合物与样品的质量比为1∶1,研磨时间为8 min,淋洗剂为乙醇-水(2∶1,体积比),洗脱剂为乙腈-乙酸溶液(19∶1,体积比)。所得洗脱液采用高效液相色谱法检测,测得乙酰甲胺磷的线性范围为0.03～0.3μg/g,检出限为0.015μg/g,回收率为92.5%～97.1%,相对标准偏差为2.9%～3.7%。该方法兼具介孔分子印迹技术的高选择性如和MSPD技术的快速分离性,为乙酰甲胺磷残留分析提供了新思路。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中7种有机磷类农药残留物

使用高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(LC-MS/MS)同时测定水产品中的敌百虫(Dipterex)、敌敌畏(Dichlorvos)、蝇毒磷(Coumaphos)、乙酰甲胺磷(Acephote)、甲胺磷(Methamidophos)、毒死蜱(Chlorpyrifos)、乐果(Dimethoate)等7种有机磷类药物的残留量.采用酸化的乙酸乙酯提取均质后的样品,提取液过酸性氧化铝柱净化去脂,经(LC/MS/MS)电喷雾电离(ESI)源,正离子多反应检测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量.敌百虫、敌敌畏、蝇毒磷、乙酰甲胺磷、甲胺磷、毒死蜱、乐果检出限均可达到10 μg/kg,在添加浓度10～200 μg/kg之间线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均>0.9990,对于10、15、20 μg/kg水平添加回收率范围在72.9%～106%之间,相对标准偏差(RSDs)范围在1.89%～11.6%之间.     

基于CdSe/ZnS量子点构建乙酰甲胺磷荧光检测方法研究

本文以CdSe/ZnS量子点为荧光探针,基于乙酰甲胺磷对CdSe/ZnS量子点的荧光猝灭效应,建立了一种可快速测定乙酰甲胺磷的荧光检测方法。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱对CdSe/ZnS量子点进行表征。在反应时间为5 min条件下,乙酰甲胺磷的浓度在0.487×10~(-6)～7.225×10~(-6) mol/L范围内与CdSe/ZnS量子点的荧光猝灭强度比值呈良好的线性关系(R~2=0.9987),方法检出限为2.55×10~(-7) mol/L。在2.0、5.0μmol/L加标水平下的回收率为94.5%～102.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)小于4%。该方法选择性好,灵敏度高,可用于水果和蔬菜中农药乙酰甲胺磷的快速检测。     

分子印迹固相萃取牛奶中甲胺磷

以甲胺磷为印迹分子、α-甲基丙烯酸为功能单体及三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯为交联剂,通过悬浮聚合法制备甲胺磷分子印迹聚合物(MIP)微球,并用该聚合物进行了牛奶中甲胺磷残留的固相萃取研究.静态吸附实验表明,在结构相似物乙酰甲胺磷和水胺硫磷为竞争底物存在下,MIP对甲胺磷有良好的吸附识别能力.在优化条件下,印迹分子的固相萃取回收率达96.4%,能够用于甲胺磷的富集,而空白聚合物却不具备这样的特性.当实际牛奶样品中甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷和水胺硫磷加标水平为100μg/kg时,甲胺磷回收率达87.4%,乙酰甲胺磷和水胺硫磷的回收率低于15%.结果表明分子印迹固相萃取对甲胺磷有很好的专一选择性,且回收率能够满足农药残留分析要求.在相同实验条件下,与C18固相萃取柱进行比较,分子印迹固相萃取的选择性及样品净化能力优势明显.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定银耳中的8种农药残留

建立了同时测定银耳中吡虫啉、啶虫脒、异丙威、丁硫克百威、克百威、甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷和咪鲜胺8种常见农药残留的固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。5 g样品,加入1 g NaCl,用乙酸乙酯提取,提取液通过C18柱固相萃取净化后,以Phenomenex Luna C8色谱柱(150 mm×2.0 mm×3.0μm)分离,流动相A为含0.1%甲酸-5 mmol/L NH_4Ac溶液,流动相B为乙腈,梯度洗脱。质谱采用多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。结果显示:吡虫啉在1.0～1 000.0μg/L,啶虫脒、异丙威、丁硫克百威、克百威和咪鲜胺在1.0～500.0μg/L,甲胺磷和乙酰甲胺磷在1.0～250.0μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.995;检出限为0.01～0.30μg/kg,定量限为0.03～1.00μg/kg。在低、中、高3个水平加标的回收率为70.1%～106.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.97%～13.68%。实际样品检测结果表明该方法稳定、准确、可靠。     

超声辅助提取-QuEChERS/GC-MS法快速测定土壤中六六六和滴滴涕

基于QuEChERS技术并辅助快速超声提取,建立了土壤中HCH,DDT快速检测方法。土壤样品经正己烷:丙酮=1:1(V/V)辅助超声提取、N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)与C_(18)混合分散剂净化,利用GC-MS外标法定量分析。6种目标农药线性范围均超过3个数量级; 3种添加水平(2. 0,20,80. 0μg/kg)下,土壤中8种农药平均回收率为82. 2%～102. 4%,相对标准偏差均小于12. 5%;方法检出限(LOD)为0. 06～0. 27μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为0. 21～0. 89μg/kg,均低于农田土壤HCH,DDT的风险筛查值(GB 15618-2018)。方法可满足实际土壤批量、快速检测需求。     

QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源食品中氟啶虫胺腈和氟吡呋喃酮残留量

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定动物源食品中氟啶虫胺腈和氟吡呋喃酮残留量的方法。样品中的氟啶虫胺腈和氟吡呋喃酮经乙腈超声提取和分散固相萃取净化,净化后的样液经滤膜过滤后采用UPLC-MS/MS法测定。以乙腈和5 mmol/L乙酸铵-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,采用ACQUITY UPLC^? HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,电喷雾离子化、正离子扫描方式和多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,氟啶虫胺腈和氟吡呋喃酮在0.25～20.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)分别为0.999 3和0.999 1,方法检出限和定量下限分别为1.0μg/kg和5.0μg/kg。实际样品的平均加标回收率为90.1%～113%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.5%～7.8%。该方法快速简便、准确度和灵敏度高、重现性好,可满足动物源食品中氟啶虫胺腈和氟吡呋喃酮残留的检测要求。     

固相萃取原子荧光光谱法检测稻米和虾仁中的无机硒

建立了氨水提取、三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白、阳离子交换净化分离,原子荧光光谱检测稻米和虾仁中无机硒的新方法。样品经氨水超声提取,三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白,Cleanert PCX小柱分离,HNO_3-HClO_4消解,HCl还原,原子荧光光谱法进行检测。结果显示,无机硒能被有效提取、分离和检测。方法在(0. 1～4. 0μg/L)浓度范围内,R~2 0. 99,仪器检出限(IDL)为0. 040μg/L,方法检出限(MDL)为1. 60μg/kg。稻米和虾仁样品的加标回收率分别为84. 1%～98. 7%和89. 8%～109. 3%,相对标准差分别为2. 3%～10%和2. 2%～3. 1%。对产地不同的稻米和虾仁样品的实际检测显示,稻米无机硒含量分别为3. 88～45. 90μg/kg,占总硒的百分比最高值为11. 27%,虾仁样品无机硒含量为小于MDL～24. 76μg/kg,占总硒的百分比最高值为3. 83%。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.