模型毒物急性毒性尿液核磁共振氢谱标记物的二阶段聚类分析

采用现代核磁共振技术,通过分析给药肝、肾损伤模型化合物异硫氰酸α-萘酯(灌胃150 mg/kg体重)和二溴乙胺氢溴酸盐(腹腔注射250 mg/kg体重)24 h内W istar大鼠尿液的1H NMR谱,由尿液中内源性代谢物浓度变化研究了肝、肾模型毒物在大鼠体内的急性毒性。首次利用模式识别技术中的二阶段聚类分析方法解析大鼠尿液1H NMR谱确定了模型化合物尿液1H NMR标记物。结果表明,应用核磁共振和二阶段聚类分析相结合的方法,可提供模型化合物毒性比较清楚的认识。该方法也可用于金属化合物、中药及其它药物的毒性分类和预测研究以及建议各类靶向毒性的NMR标记物。     

给药硝酸钕后大鼠完整肝组织及肝组织提取物的NMR代谢组学研究

通过分析不同给药剂量硝酸钕[Nd（NO3）3][2,10,50mg／kg（体重）]后,雄性Wistar大鼠完整肝组织的MAS1HNMR谱和肝组织提取物的^1H NMR谱,结合肝组织病理切片图,研究了稀土化合物Nd（NO3）3在大鼠体内的急性生物效应．利用模式识别方法对给药Nd（NO3）3组和对照组大鼠肝组织^1H NMR谱图数据进行了分析．结果表明,腹腔注射Nd（NO3）3后,大鼠肝脏中甘油三酯、亮氨酸（异亮氨酸）、乳酸、丙氨酸、丙酮酸、磷酸胆碱和葡萄糖含量升高,氮氧三甲胺含量降低．肝脏病理图显示,50mg／kg（体重）组大鼠肝细胞可见微小坏死灶和门管区炎细胞轻度增多．推测硝酸钕能影响大鼠肝脏中能量代谢（糖代谢和脂肪代谢）和氨基酸代谢,对大鼠肝脏造成损伤,且其损伤程度随剂量的增加有增强趋势．     

核磁共振技术及模式识别对硝酸镥急性毒性的研究

通过分析Wistar大鼠灌胃0.2,2,10和100mg/kg体重硝酸镥[Lu(NO₃)3]48h内尿液的¹HNMR谱,研究了重稀土化合物Lu(NO₃)3在大鼠体内的急性生物效应.以氯化汞、铬酸钠、四氯化碳、盐酸肼和异硫氰酸-α-萘酯为模型药物,利用模式识别技术解析大鼠尿液的¹HNMR谱,对不同剂量Lu(NO₃)3的生物效应进行了分类.结果表明,应用核磁共振和模式识别相结合的方法,可清楚地认识稀土化合物生物效应,低剂量Lu(NO₃)3(0.2,2mg/kg体重)的毒性与肾毒化合物铬酸钠类似,而高剂量Lu(NO₃)3(10,100mg/kg体重)归入肝毒化合物四氯化碳组.该方法也可用于其它金属化合物及中药等药物的毒理学研究.     

人体尿液代谢组NMR分析

利用固相萃取分离和核磁共振技术（nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR）对人体尿液中的代谢物进行了较为系统的研究。通过对人体尿液样品固相莘取后分离得到的五个组分^1H NMR,同核二维氢谱（correlation spectroscopy,COSY）和全相关谱（total correlation spectroscopy,TOCSY）,异核相关光谱（heteronuclear single quantum correlation,HSQC和Heteronuclear muptiple bond correlation,HMBC）,J-分解谱（J-resolved spectroscopic,J-RES）的谱图分析,解析出了74种化合物的^1H和^13C化学位移,并对一维^1H谱的多数谱峰进行了有效指认。     

魔角旋转核磁共振代谢组学方法对镧、铈急性生物效应的比较研究

利用高分辨魔角旋转核磁共振(MAS 1H NMR)技术对腹腔注射不同剂量[2, 10, 50 mg/kg(体重)]的硝酸镧[La(NO3)3]和硝酸铈[Ce(NO3)3] 的雄性Wistar大鼠肝、肾组织的MAS 1H NMR谱进行比较分析, 研究了La(NO3)3和Ce(NO3)3的急性生物效应, 并结合模式识别技术对不同剂量La(NO3)3和Ce(NO3)3的急性生物效应进行了分类. 研究结果表明, La(NO3)3对大鼠的急性毒性主要表现为肝毒, Ce(NO3)3对大鼠肝、肾同时造成损伤. 该方法可用于其它稀土及金属化合物的毒性预测和毒理学研究.     

Na4-CyDTA空间位阻的动态核磁共振研究

用动态核磁共振（DNMR）的方法研究了Na4-CyDTA乙羧基质子^1H—NMR谱随温度的变化关系，结果表明，常温下由于乙羧基旋转受到空间阻碍导致其^1H—NMR谱分裂为1组AB谱，随温度升高，AB谱的化学位移差减小．通过拟和化学位移差与温度的关系，计算出了Na4-CyDTA中阻碍乙羧基旋转的能垒为16．95kJ／mol．     

脂肪胺聚氧乙基醚结构的核磁共振波谱表征

从工业和合成产品脂肪胺聚氧乙基醚中用TLC和快速色谱(FC)分离精制得到6个脂肪胺聚氧乙基醚模型化合物，用^1H、^13C、gCOSY，gHSQC和gHMBC等核磁共振波谱和质谱表征了其结构，完成了^1H和^13C NMR谱带的归属，为本系列化合物的结构和EO分布鉴定提供了依据，并给出了计算本系列化合物叔胺值的方法。考察了酸性条件对脂肪胺聚氧乙基醚化合物相关基团化学位移的影响。     

新型有机光致变色材料螺嗪的结构确证

采用^1H NMR谱、^13C NMR谱、DEPT（θ=3π/4）谱、红外吸收光谱、质谱等仪器分析手段确证了4种新合成的有机光致变色材料螺E嗪化合物的结构,并对化合物的^13C NMR谱化学位移和质谱碎片进行了归属和确认。     

亚硒酸钠对大鼠代谢产物影响的核磁共振研究

本文采用核磁共振(^1H NMR)技术研究了在最高耐受摄入量条件下补充亚硒酸钠对大鼠尿液代谢产物的影响。结果表明,在大鼠尿液中甲酸、乙酸、乳酸、丙氨酸、琥珀酸、甘氨酸、马尿酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸等代谢物谱峰信号显著增强,而柠檬酸、肌酸、尿素、尿甘素和氧化三甲胺(TAMO)的谱峰信号则显著降低。乳酸、柠檬酸和琥珀酸是体内三羧酸循环的中间产物,其代谢异常是能量代谢紊乱的标志;马尿酸、苯丙氨酸、丙氨酸的代谢异常与肾小球的滤过和回收功能有关;乙酸和甘氨酸的代谢异常则是肝功能损伤的标志,组织切片的结果也证明大鼠的肝和肾已经发生损伤,与^1H NMR的结果相一致。采用HPLC检测到补充亚硒酸钠后尿液中8-OHdG(8-hydroxy1-2′-deoxyguansoine)水平显著升高,证明体内氧化损伤的发生。以上结果表明,在最高耐受摄入量条件下补充亚硒酸钠是不安全的,用NMR方法对阐明硒的毒理学分子基础是有效的。     

分析用标准样品氟铃脲的合成、纯化及表征

合成了氟铃脲农药粗品,通过活性炭吸附、重结晶进行初步纯化;然后采用柱层析分离技术,以硅胶为填料,乙酸乙酯／石油醚（30～60℃）（1：3,V／V）为展开剂（Rf≈0．5）进行提纯。用紫外光谱（UV）、红外光谱（IR）、核磁共振（^1H NMR,^13C NMR）及质谱（MS）进行了结构表征;以高效液相色谱法测得该试样纯度在99％以上。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。