α-和β-K6H[GeW9V3O40].xH2O的合成及其^5^1V和^1^8^3W核磁共振研究

本文报道了α-和β-K6H[GeW9V3O40].xH2O的合成及其^5^1V和^1^8^3W NMR研究。^5^1V NMR谱只有一个单峰, ^1^8^3W NMR谱中有两个峰, 相对强度为2:1, 其^2J~w~-~o~-~-~w偶合常数分别为19.35和16.73Hz, 表明其阴离子分别为A型α-和β-Keggin结构, 即三个VO6八面体是角顶共用。     

3-羟基克拉霉素和2＇-乙酰基-3-氧代克拉霉素的合成与晶体结构

克拉霉素在不同条件下水解,分别生成3-羟基克拉霉素（2）和3-羟基-8,9,10,11-二脱水-9,12-半缩酮克拉霉素（3）,用乙酸酐保护2的C（2’）-OH得到2’-乙酰基-3-羟基克拉霉素（4）,用N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺（NCS）氧化4的C（3）-OH合成了2’-乙酰基-3-氧代克拉霉素（5）,采用MS,IR,^1H NMR,^13C NMR等对这些化合物进行了表征．用X射线单晶衍射法测定了化合物2和5的晶体结构,其均属于正交晶系,P212121空间群．化合物2的晶胞参数a=1．3657（3）nm,b=1．4783（3）nm,c=1．6510（3）nm,Z=4,V=3．3332（12）nm^3,Dc=1．175g／cm^3,F（000）=1288,／t=0．087mm^-1;化合物5的晶胞参数a=1．5124（3）nm,b=1．5247（3）nm,c=1．5288（3）nm,Z=4,V=3．5254（12）nm^3,Dc=1．187g／cm^3,F（000）=1368．0,μ=0．088mm^-1．     

2-溴甲基-3-(二溴甲基)喹喔啉的合成研究

以2，3－二（溴甲基）喹喔啉为原料，以N－溴琥珀酰亚胺为溴化试剂合成了2－溴甲基－3－（二溴甲基）喹喔啉（1），1是Diels-Alder环加成反应中形成含杂原子环的C60衍生物的一种重要中间体。通过IR，^1H NMR,^13C NMR,DEPT谱和MS对其进行了结构表征。     

二硫二茂铁的合成及其晶体结构

用AlI3作还原剂，还原二茂铁磺酰氯得到二硫二茂铁。通过元素分析，IR， ^1H NMR和^13C NMR对化合物进行了表征。用X射线单晶衍射法测定了该化合物的晶 体结构。结果表明，晶体属单斜晶系，P21空间群，a=0.61881（4）nm，b=0.3232 （9）nm，c=1.39056(11)nm，β=94.179（3）°，V=0.85593（12）nm^3，Dc=1. 628g/cm^3，μ=1.870mm^-1，F(000)=444，Z=2，R1=0.027，ωR2=0.0678。     

TiO2/SnO2复合光催化剂的制备及光催化降解敌敌畏

合成了直链醚－组氨酸Schiff碱（四甘醇醛缩双组氨酸Schiff碱）及其稀土配合物,以元素分析、红外光谱、热重、磁化率等确定配合物组成为Ln3(H2L)2(NO3)9(Ln=La,Nd,Gd,Er,Yb;L=C20H26N6O7),采用交叉极化结合魔角旋转技术（CP／MAS）和消除旋转边带技术（TOSS）,获得固体高分辨^13C NMR谱,见到－COO^-的^13C谱峰分裂等新信息。结合液体^1H NMR谱等,对L－组氨酸中咪唑基的配位进行了研究,以EPR波谱探讨了配合物的晶体场强等特性。观察到Er配合物对超氧阴离自由基的清除有一定效果。     

模型毒物急性毒性尿液核磁共振氨谱标记物的二阶段聚类分析

采用现代核磁共振技术，通过分析给药肝、肾损伤模型化合物异硫氰酸α-萘酯（灌胃150mg／kg体重）和二溴乙胺氢溴酸盐（腹腔注射250mg／kg体重）24h内Wistar大鼠尿液的^1H NMR谱，由尿液中内源性代谢物浓度变化研究了肝、肾模型毒物在大鼠体内的急性毒性。首次利用模式识别技术中的二阶段聚类分析方法解析大鼠尿液^1H NMR谱确定了模型化合物尿液^1H NMR标记物。结果表明，应用核磁共振和二阶段聚类分析相结合的方法，可提供模型化合物毒性比较清楚的认识。该方法也可用于金属化合物、中药及其它药物的毒性分类和预测研究以及建议各类靶向毒性的NMR标记物。     

β-（3，4-二羟基苯基）-α-羟基-N-[（R）-3-苯基-1-乙氧酰基丙基]丙酰胺的合成

以3,4-二羟基苯甲醛为原料,经开环、Knoevenagel缩合、水解和Clemmensen还原反应合成了丹参素（5）;5与（R）-2-胺基-4-苯基丁酸乙酯在DCC／DMAP作用下,脱去一分子水合成了β-（3,4-二羟基苯基）-α-羟基-N-[（R）-3-苯基-1-乙氧酰基丙基]丙酰胺（8）。8的结构经^1H NMR,IR和MS表征。     

利用Wittig反应制备乙烷类液晶

以4-（反式4’-正烷基环己基）环己酮和氯甲醚三苯基磷盐为起始原料,经Wittig反应、水解、转型、Wittig反应和氢化反应合成了1-（3,4-二-氟苯基）-2-[反式4’-（反式4＂-正烷基环己基）环己基]乙烷类液晶,其结构经^1H NMR,^13C NMR及MS确证。纯化总收率约30％。     

2，2’-二硒并烟酸及其叔丁基酯的合成和结构

本文以2-氯烟酸为原料合成了2,2’-二硒并烟酸叔丁基酯（1）及2,2’-二硒并烟酸（2）,化合物1和2的结构分别用^1HNMR,^13C NMR,^77Se NMR,元素分析和X-射线单晶结构测定技术进行了表征。在化合物1和2的晶体结构中,吡啶环和2个硒原子处于同一平面,这一结果与已报道的芳基二硒醚化合物的晶体结构完全不同。     

高速逆流色谱分离制备厚朴的有效成分厚朴酚与和厚朴酚

建立了高速逆流色谱分离制备厚朴的有效成分厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的新方法,溶剂系统为石油醚-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-1％醋酸(5：5：7：3,V／V),上相为固定相,下相为流动相。从100mg厚朴粗提物制得和厚朴酚33．3mg,厚朴酚19．5mg,经高效液相色谱分析,纯度均大于99．5％,其化学结构由^1H NMR和^13C NMR鉴定。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。