离子对反相高效液相色谱法同时测定复合维生素片中4种水溶性维生素

采用离子对反相高效液相色谱法同时测定了复合维生素片中烟酰胺、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6等4种水溶性维生素的含量。样品经水溶解、过滤后,以Hypersil C18化学键合硅胶为固定相,以甲醇-0.5%(体积分数)醋酸水溶液(含2.5 mmol/L己磺酸钠,pH 2.8)(体积比为18∶82)为流动相,等度洗脱,紫外检测器于280 nm波长下检测。当烟酰胺、维生素B1、维生素B2和维生素B6的质量浓度分别在25450 mg/L,590 mg/L,2.590 mg/L,595 mg/L时,其峰面积与质量浓度的线性关系良好;日内测定平均相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为1.0%,2.2%,1.8%和1.3%;日间测定相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为1.5%,3.6%,2.4%和1.7%。该方法已成功应用于复合维生素片中4种水溶性维生素的同时测定。     

反相高效液相色谱-化学发光法测定复合维生素片剂中的维生素B1和B2

基于水溶性维生素在碱性介质中只有维生素B1(VB1)和维生素B2(VB2)可以被K3Fe(CN)6直接氧化产生化学发光的原理,建立了反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)分离柱后化学发光检测VB1和VB2的新方法,并成功应用于复合维生素B片剂中VB1和VB2的测定。该方法测定VB1,VB2的线性范围分别为1.0×10-3～1.0 g/L和1.0×10-3～0.1 g/L,检出限分别为2×10-4 g/L和8×10-4 g/L。对1.0×10-2 g/L VB1,VB2溶液连续11次测定的相对标准偏差     

多壁碳纳米管修饰电极同时测定维生素B2、B6、B12和维生素C

制备了多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极(MWNT/GCE),研究了维生素B2、B6、B12和维生素C共存时在该电极上的电化学行为.实验发现,在HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,该电极可同时测定以上四种维生素,线性范围分别为1.0×10-6～1.0×10-4 mol/L、5.0×10-5～2.0×10-3 mol/L、5.0×10-5～7.5×10-4 mol/L和5.0×10-5～2.0×10-3 mol/L,其检出限分别为7.0×10-7 mol/L、1.0×10-5 mol/L、2.5×10-5 mol/L和5.0×10-6 mol/L.样品分析的RSD分别为1.66%、1.71%、2.26%和1.46%.方法简便快捷,可用于四种维生素同时分析测定.     

同步荧光法测定功能饮料中维生素B2和B6的研究

研究了测定功能饮料中维生素B2和B6的同步荧光分析法。确定了最佳实验条件:波长差Δλ为70 nm,扫描速度为150 nm/min,入射和出射狭缝宽度均为10 nm,测定波长:B2为448 nm,B6为323 nm。标准曲线在0.01~0.15μg/mL线性良好,维生素B6和B2的平均回收率分别为96.4%~98.5%和98.3%~100.0%。方法可用于功能饮料中维生素B2和B6的测定。     

RP-HPLC法测定SO_2处理前后新疆无核葡萄干中的B族维生素

建立了高效液相色谱同时测定SO_2处理前后无核葡萄干中4种B族维生素(V_(B1),V_(B2),V_(B3)和V_(B6))的分析方法。考察了流动相组成、p H值及梯度洗脱程序对分离效果的影响。最终采用pH 4.4缓冲溶液和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,4种B族水溶性维生素的线性范围为0.1~20 mg/L,r20.999,检出限为0.013~0.064 mg/L,方法的平均回收率为83.0%~101.4%,相对标准偏差为0.6%~4.8%。同时利用该法对SO_2处理前后无核葡萄干中4种维生素含量的影响进行研究。结果表明,空白无核葡萄干中V_(B6)的含量最大,V_(B1)含量较低;但SO_2处理对葡萄干中V_(B1)的含量影响最大,其它3种B族维生素的含量变化不大。该方法简便,快速,准确性和重现性均较好,可用于葡萄干中B族维生素的测定。     

RP-HPLC法分离测定动物肝脏中多种维生素

建立了一种同时测定4种水溶性维生素的高效液相色谱方法。采用Shimadzu VP-ODS(150 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5.0μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-0.05 mol/L磷酸氢二钾缓冲溶液梯度洗脱,在波长为267 nm处进行检测。维生素C、B1、B6和B2分别在22.3~116.0,2.4~152.5,2.2~340.0,1.7~272.0μg/mL呈良好的线性关系,相对标准偏差为(n=6)1.1%~1.6%,平均回收率在98.6%~102.3%范围以内。可用于同时测定动物肝脏中维生素C、B1、B6和B2。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法间接测定保健食品中维生素B12

保健食品经浓硝酸-过氧化氢(10+3)混合溶液微波消解后,加入盐酸(1+99)溶液使维生素B12中的钴离子完全离解出来,再用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定钴离子,据此间接测定保健食品样品中维生素B12的含量.对仪器的工作条件测定波长、灯电流、载气流量作了详述,还对各种对测定有影响的因素,包括盐酸浓度、基体改进剂的种类、石墨炉的工作条件、共存离子的干扰等也作了试验并予以优化选择.维生素B12的质量分数在0.31～4.6 mg·kg-1范围内与吸光度内呈线性关系.方法检出限(3S/N)为0.093 mg·kg-1,在1.0,2.0,4.0 μg·L-1的标准加入水平下进行了回收试验和精密度试验,所得回收率在96.9%～105.0%之间.测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)小于2.1%.     

维生素B2的NMR含量测定

建立了维生素B2片剂中维生素B2含量的核磁共振测定方法。核磁共振的测定条件:脉冲程序为cpmgpr1d,氢谱宽度为6 009 Hz,脉冲宽度为11.95μs,延迟时间为6.50μs,采样温度为27℃,采样次数为32次。以参比物质3-(三甲基硅基)氘代丙酸钠(TSP)为内标,将不同浓度标准品与内标的NMR峰面积比对维生素B2浓度绘制标准曲线,结果显示,维生素B2在1.25~10 mg/mL范围内呈良好线性,其线性方程为:y=2.989 4 x+0.185 5,r2=0.999 2。方法的加标回收率为83.2%。该方法灵敏度高、重现性好、操作简便,可用于维生素B2片剂中维生素B2含量的测定。     

测定四种B族维生素的流动注射-毛细管电泳联用新装置

构建了一种可连续进样、分离测定药物制剂中4种B族维生素的流动注射（FI）-毛细管电泳（CE）新装置,并优化了FI-CE条件。背景电解质（BGE）为25%乙腈-40 mmol/L硼砂（pH 9.80）,流速为0.83 mL/min,运行电压为3.3 kV(165 V/cm),FI充样时间3 s,注样时间9 s。在优化条件下,维生素B1、PP、B2和B6的线性范围分别为10~900、65~900、8~180、55~900 μg/mL,回归方程和相关系数r分别为Y=-30.8698+3.4417X(r=0.9992)、Y=193.4692+2.3783X(r=0.9980)、Y=54.6000+13.3071X(r=0.9961)和Y=143.0739+2.5705X(r=0.9977),检测限分别为5.17,7.48,1.34和6.92 μg/mL。该方法已用于维生素B1、B2、B6和复合维生素B制剂中的B1、PP、B2和B6的测定,结果令人满意。     

金纳米微粒共振光散射光谱探针测定维生素B_4-水溶性腺嘌呤的研究

建立了一种以金纳米微粒为探针共振光散射(RLS)法测定维生素B4的新方法.在弱酸性介质中(pH 4.2),金纳米微粒在635 nm有一最大共振散射峰.加入微量维生素B4后,金纳米微粒与维生素B4通过静电引力结合.形成了粒径较大的聚集体,导致RLS强度显著增强.研究了体系的共振光散射光谱特征和反应适宜条件,探讨了共振光散射增强的机理.结果表明,维生素B4质量浓度在0.1～5.0μg/mL 时与散射强度(△I)呈线性关系,检出限(3σ)为12.0 ng/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%.该方法已用于片剂中维生素B4的测定.     

Simultaneous determination of nicotinamide,pyridoxine hydrochloride,thiamine mononitrate and riboflavin in multivitamin with minerals tablets by reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography

A reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) has been developed and validated for the routine analysis of nicotinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, thiamine mononitrate and riboflavin in multivitamin with minerals tablets. HPLC separation of the vitamins was performed on a Hypersil C(18) column and detected by ultraviolet absorbance at 280 nm. The use of methanol-aqueous 0.5% acetic acid solution (18:82, v/v; containing 2.5 mM sodium hexanesulfonate, pH = 2.8) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.2 mL/min enables the baseline separation of the four analytes free from interferences with isocratic elution at 30 degrees C. The analysis time was 17 min per injection. The method was linear in the ranges of 5-90, 2.5-90, 5-95 and 25-450 micro g/mL for thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin, pyridoxine hydrochloride and nicotinamide, respectively. The average coefficients of variation of within- and between-day assays were 2.2 and 3.6% for thiamine mononitrate, 1.8 and 2.4% for riboflavin, 1.3 and 1.7% for pyridoxine hydrochloride and 1.0 and 1.5% for nicotinamide, respectively. The average recoveries of thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin, pyridoxine hydrochloride and nicotinamide were 97.0, 97.2, 98.9 and 100.4% for the tablets, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of nicotinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, thiamine mononitrate and riboflavin in multivitamin with minerals tablets.     

高精度定量毛细管电泳法同时测定复合维生素B片中B1、B2、B6、烟酰胺及泛酸钙

建立了高精度定量毛细管电泳法同时测定复合维生素B片中维生素B₁、B₂、B₆、烟酰胺和泛酸钙的方法。样品经乙腈-水（20∶80，v/v）超声提取后，采用全自动高精度定量毛细管电泳仪，以高精度进样阀定量进样，以40 mmol/L硼砂-硼酸缓冲液（pH 9.0）为背景电解质溶液，以工作电压为-10 kV电泳分离。维生素B₁、B₂、B₆、烟酰胺的检测波长为280 nm，然后切换至检测波长210 nm检测泛酸钙。结果表明，各组分之间均得到良好分离，峰面积日内重复性（RSD）为1.3%~1.9%，显著优于普通毛细管电泳。维生素B₁、B₂、B₆、烟酰胺及泛酸钙的浓度在各自线性范围内的相关系数（r）为0.9968~0.9998，检出限2.5~36.0 mg/L，平均回收率为94.1%~98.9%。该法准确可靠，可用于实际复合维生素B片中维生素B₁、B₂、B₆、烟酰胺和泛酸钙含量的同时测定。     

Ion‐pair cloud‐point extraction: A new method for the determination of water‐soluble vitamins in plasma and urine

A novel, simple, and effective ion‐pair cloud‐point extraction coupled with a gradient high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed for determination of thiamine (vitamin B₁), niacinamide (vitamin B₃), pyridoxine (vitamin B₆), and riboflavin (vitamin B₂) in plasma and urine samples. The extraction and separation of vitamins were achieved based on an ion‐pair formation approach between these ionizable analytes and 1‐heptanesulfonic acid sodium salt as an ion‐pairing agent. Influential variables on the ion‐pair cloud‐point extraction efficiency, such as the ion‐pairing agent concentration, ionic strength, pH, volume of Triton X‐100, extraction temperature, and incubation time have been fully evaluated and optimized. Water‐soluble vitamins were successfully extracted by 1‐heptanesulfonic acid sodium salt (0.2% w/v) as ion‐pairing agent with Triton X‐100 (4% w/v) as surfactant phase at 50°C for 10 min. The calibration curves showed good linearity (r² > 0.9916) and precision in the concentration ranges of 1‐50 μg/mL for thiamine and niacinamide, 5–100 μg/mL for pyridoxine, and 0.5–20 μg/mL for riboflavin. The recoveries were in the range of 78.0–88.0% with relative standard deviations ranging from 6.2 to 8.2%.     

Simultaneous determination of thiamine and riboflavin in edible marine seaweeds by high-performance liquid chromatography

This study presents a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of thiamine and riboflavin and the results of its application to a number of edible seaweeds that are sampled in dried form (Himanthalia elongata, Laminaria ochroleuca, Undaria pinnatifida, Palmaria sp., and Porphyra sp.) or as canned food (H. elongata and Saccorhiza polyschides). Samples are prepared by acid and enzymatic hydrolysis. Optimized conditions for reversed-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection are as follow: column, Kromasil 100 C18; column temperature, 35 degrees C; mobile phase, a 72:28 (v/v) mixture of 0.005 M ammonium acetate (pH 6.7)-methanol; and flow rate, 1.35 mL/min. With these conditions, recovery is 95.52% for thiamine and 90.08% for riboflavin, and the method precision (relative standard deviation) is 2.66% for thiamine and 2.21% for riboflavin. On a dry weight basis, thiamine contents range from 0.14 microg/g in dried H. elongata to 2.02 microg/g in dried Porphyra and riboflavin contents from 0.31 microg/g in canned H. elongata to 6.15 microg/g in dried Porphyra.     

Spectrofluorimetric determination of some water-soluble vitamins

Two simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric methods were developed for determination of three water-soluble vitamins (B1, B2, and B6) in mixtures in the presence of cyanocobalamin. The first one was for thiamine determination, which depends on the oxidation of thiamine HCl to thiochrome by iodine in an alkaline medium. The method was applied accurately to determine thiamine in binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures with pyridoxine HCl, riboflavin, and cyanocobalamin without interference. In the second method, riboflavin and pyridoxine HCl were determined fluorimetrically in acetate buffer, pH 6. The three water-soluble vitamins (B1, B2, and B6) were determined spectrofluorimetrically in binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures in the presence of cyanocobalamin. All variables were studied in order to optimize the reaction conditions. Linear relationship was obeyed for all studied vitamins by the proposed methods at their corresponding lambda(exc) or lambda(em). The linear calibration curves were obtained from 10 to 500 ng/mL; the correlation ranged from 0.9991 to 0.9999. The suggested procedures were applied to the analysis of the investigated vitamins in their laboratory-prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical dosage forms from different manufacturers. The RSD range was 0.46-1.02%, which indicates good precision. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical additives. Good recoveries (97.6 +/- 0.7-101.2 +/- 0.8%) were obtained. Statistical comparison of the results with reported methods shows excellent agreement and indicates no significant difference in accuracy and precision.     

Separation of water-soluble vitamins by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with ultra-violet detection: application to polyvitaminated premixes

Nine water-soluble vitamins: [thiamine (B1), ascorbic acid (C), nicotinamide (PP), pyridoxine (B6), calcium pantothenate (B5), folic acid (B9), cyanocobalamin (B12), riboflavin (B2) and biotin (B8)] were separated on a YMC-Pack Pro C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm particle size) in a single run with a gradient elution of mobile phase consisting of 0.025% trifluoroacetic acid pH 2.6 (solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B). The separation was achieved within 17 min with a flow rate of 0.8 ml min(-1) and the detection was performed at two wavelengths (210 and 275 nm). The calibration graphs plotted with six concentrations of each vitamin were linear with a regression coefficient R2 > 0.995. The method was applied for the quantification of vitamins B1, C, PP, B6, B5, B9 B2 and B8 in polyvitaminated premixes (premixes) used for the fortification of infant nutrition products. The sample preparation involves an aqueous extraction of vitamins and two different samples dilution were used prior the LC-analysis. The specificity of the method was demonstrated by the retention characteristics, UV spectra and by comparing the peak purity with the standard of each vitamin. The repeatability of the method was evaluated at different level of concentrations on 12 premixes and the coefficients of variation (CVr) were below 6.5%. The values of the intermediate precision (CV1) were below 9.6% (n = 6). The concentrations of vitamins found in premixes with our method were comparable to the declared values, since no bias was found between the two sets of results at 95% confidence. The simplicity of the procedure should make it highly desirable for quality control of premixes in the food industry.     

Electrochemical behaviour of pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) at carbon paste electrode modified with crown ethers

The electrochemical behaviour of pyridoxine hydrochloride (pyridoxine HCl) at the plain carbon paste electrode and the electrode modified with oxa crown ether has been studied using voltammetric and impedance measurements. The macrocycles used as modifiers were 18-crown-6, dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6), dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 and dibenzo-24-crown-8, out of which DB18C6 gave better response for pyridoxine HCl. Tris buffer (pH 10.3) was chosen as an appropriate medium among the several supporting electrolytes of varying pH studied. The characterization of the DB18C6-modified electrode (CME-DB18C6) using kinetic parameters such as number of electrons (n) and electron transfer coefficient (α) is studied by cyclic voltammetry. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic measurements obtained confirm the current enhancement over the modified electrode. Analytical applications of this electrode have been studied for the determination of pyridoxine HCl. A sensitive linear working range of 0.6 to 100 μg cm⁻³ with a detection limit of 0.4 μg cm⁻³ by differential pulse voltammetry was observed for pyridoxine HCl on CME-DB18C6. However, on decreasing the scan rate to 5 mV s⁻¹, the detection limit lowered to 0.2 μg cm⁻³. Interference from some vitamins like thiamine hydrochloride, riboflavin, nicotinamide, para-aminobenzoic acid, cyanocobalamin, folic acid and d-biotin and amino acid l-tryptophan was studied, and simultaneously, riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride and pyridoxine HCl were determined over the modified electrode, CME-DB18C6. The modified electrode is successfully used for the determination of pyridoxine HCl in multivitamin pharmaceutical preparations.     

Simultaneous determination of eight B‐vitamins in rat intestinal perfusate to identify effects of osmotic pressures on absorptions

A rapid and accurate HPLC‐DAD method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine eight B‐vitamins (VBs, namely thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, calcium pantothenic, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid and cyanocobalamin) and phenolsulfonphthalein in rat intestinal perfusate. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an Inertsil ODS‐3 column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) at a temperature of 40°C. Gradient elution mode was applied at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with the mobile phase of acetonitrile–30 mm K₂HPO₄ (pH 5.80). The method was successfully applied to identify the effects of osmotic pressures on the absorption of the VBs. The absorption profiles of single and mixed VBs were also compared. Histological section technology was applied to observe the microstructure of small bowel mucosa after perfusion. The results indicated that each compound possessed a better absorption profile under isotonic conditions than under hypotonic or hypertonic conditions for single or mixed solutions. Compared with single VBs, better absorptions in mixed VBs were observed. Pathological tissue slice test suggested that hypotonic and hypertonic solutions changed or damaged the microstructure of mucosa to varying degrees. Taken together, the investigations indicated that multi‐VBs administered orally under isotonic condition could generate fast and complete absorption profiles for VBs.     

LED光诱导化学发光法检测饮料中的核黄素

以化学发光法为基础,建立了以发光二极管(LED)诱导化学发光体系(LED-CL)检测饮料中核黄素含量的分析方法。样品溶液与鲁米诺溶液混合后由蠕动泵带出,经LED灯照射后产生化学发光,产生的化学发光信号由光电检测器检测。核黄素浓度检测线性范围为0.39~79.56μg/L(R≥0.999 7),加标回收率为99.3%~103%,可用于饮料中核黄素的检测。     

Comparison of different extraction methods for simultaneous determination of B complex vitamins in nutritional yeast using LC/MS-TOF and stable isotope dilution assay

The application of LC/MS-TOF method combined with stable isotope dilution assay was studied for determination of thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, and pyridoxine in food. Nutritional yeast powder was used as a model food matrix. Acid extraction was compared with various enzymatic treatments in ammonium formate buffer to find a suitable method for the conversion of more complex vitamers into the same forms as the used isotope-labeled internal standards. The enzyme preparations α-amylase, takadiastase, β-glucosidase, and acid phosphatase were all able to liberate thiamine and riboflavin. The diastatic enzyme preparations α-amylase and takadiastase also expressed proteolytic side activities resulting in the formation of small peptides which interfered with the mass spectra of thiamine and riboflavin. Liberation of nicotinamide and pantothenic acid from NAD⁺ and CoA, respectively, could not be achieved with any of the studied enzyme preparations. Hydrochloric acid extraction at 121 °C for 30 min was found to be destructive to pantothenic acid, but increased the liberation of pyridoxal.