白光LED用KCaPO4:Eu3+红色荧光粉制备及其发光特性

采用高温固相法制备了KCaPO4:Eu3+红色发光材料,研究了Eu3+掺杂浓度、电荷补偿剂等对材料发光性质的影响.结果显示,在397 nm近紫外光激发下,材料呈多峰发射,分别由Eu3+的5D0→7FJ(J=0,1,2,3,4)能级跃迁产生,主峰为613 nm;监测613 nm发射峰,所得激发光谱由O2-→Eu3+电荷迁移带(200～350 nm)和f-f高能级跃迁吸收带(350～450 nm)组成,主峰为397 nm.Eu3+离子的最佳掺杂浓度为5%(摩尔分数);浓度猝灭机制为电偶极-电偶极相互作用.添加电荷补偿剂Li+,Na+,K+或Cl-后,可提高KCaPO4:Eu3+材料的发射强度,其中以添加Li+时,效果最明显.     

LED用Sr_((1-1.5x))Mo_(0.8)Si_(0.2)O_(3.8)∶Eu_x~(3+)红色荧光粉的制备及其荧光性能

通过高温固相法合成了LED用红色荧光粉Sr(1-1.5x)Mo0.8Si0.2O3.8∶Eu3x+(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)。通过XRD、激发光谱和发射光谱测试了材料的物相组成以及发光性能。x=0.1样品的XRD谱与JCPDS 08-0482(SrMoO4)的标准卡片相同。Eu3+代替晶格中Sr2+的位置成为发光中心。随着Eu3+含量x的增加,593 nm处的5D0-7F1跃迁和614 nm处的5D0-7F2跃迁发射强度会相互转换:当x≤0.4时,以磁偶极5D0-7F1跃迁为主,发射橙色光;而当x=0.5时,以电偶极5D0-7F2跃迁发射为主,发射红光。可能是过量掺杂的Eu3+离子,只能存在于晶格空位形成缺陷,无法占据SrMoO4中Sr2+的格位中,Eu3+在晶格中占据非对称中心的格位,导致电偶极跃迁变成允许跃迁,从而增加了5D0-7F2跃迁,减弱了5D0-7F1跃迁。因此,可以通过调节激活剂的含量获得不同发光色的荧光粉。Eu3+掺杂的硅钼酸锶体系,614 nm激发下,在368 nm处出现宽的基质吸收峰和467 nm处7 F0-5 D2的跃迁峰,且这2处的吸收峰在x=0.5时比x=0.4时...     

LED用Sr(1-1.5x)Mo0.8Si0.2O3.8:Eu3+x红色荧光粉的制备及其荧光性能

通过高温固相法合成了LED用红色荧光粉Sr(1-1.5x)Mo0.8Si0.2O3.8∶Eu3+x（x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5）。 通过XRD、激发光谱和发射光谱测试了材料的物相组成以及发光性能。 x=0.1样品的XRD谱与JCPDS 08-0482(SrMoO4)的标准卡片相同。 Eu3+代替晶格中Sr2+的位置成为发光中心。 随着Eu3+含量x的增加,593 nm处的5D0-7F1跃迁和614 nm处的5D0-7F2跃迁发射强度会相互转换：当x≤0.4时,以磁偶极5D0-7F1跃迁为主,发射橙色光;而当x=0.5时,以电偶极5D0-7F2跃迁发射为主,发射红光。 可能是过量掺杂的Eu3+离子,只能存在于晶格空位形成缺陷,无法占据SrMoO4中Sr2+的格位中,Eu3+在晶格中占据非对称中心的格位,导致电偶极跃迁变成允许跃迁,从而增加了5D0-7F2跃迁,减弱了5D0-7F1跃迁。 因此,可以通过调节激活剂的含量获得不同发光色的荧光粉。 Eu3+掺杂的硅钼酸锶体系,614 nm激发下,在368 nm处出现宽的基质吸收峰和467 nm处7F0-5D2的跃迁峰,且这2处的吸收峰在x=0.5时比x=0.4时强3倍左右。 材料能非常好的吸收368 nm波长的光,产生颜色可调的橙红色。 与近紫外光LED芯片匹配良好。     

Eu3+和Tb3+在LnBaB9O16中的紫外和真空紫外发光性质

研究了Tb3+和Eu3+在LnBaB9O16(Ln=La,Gd,Y,Lu)中的紫外和真空紫外光谱性质.X射线粉末衍射数据指标化结果表明,LnBaB9O16(Ln=La,Gd,Y,Lu)系列化合物属于三方晶系.Eu3+的荧光光谱结果表明,LaBaB9O16和GdBaB9O16中稀土离子占据非中心对称的格位,Eu3+在其中的特征发射以5D0→7F2电偶极跃迁为主;而在YBaB9O16和LuBaB9~O16中稀土离子占据中心对称性的格位,Eu3+在其中的特征发射以5D0→7F1磁偶极跃迁为主.Tb3+在LaBaB9O16和GdBaB9O16中的发射为5D3→7F0和5D4→7F1(J=0～6)辐射跃迁,在YBaB9O16和LuBaB9O16中只能观察到5D4→7F1(J=3～6)辐射跃迁.与Eu3+的发光性质相反,Tb3+占据非中心对称的格位时的发射强度比占据中心对称的格位时要弱得多.Eu3+和Tb3+掺杂的样品在真空紫外波段的吸收弱.     

铕掺杂硅钛柱撑蒙脱土的合成及发光性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Eu3+掺杂的硅钛柱撑蒙脱土(Si-Ti-MT),运用XRD,SEM-EDX和FT-IR对其结构进行了表征。结果表明,Eu3+掺杂的硅钛柱撑剂插入蒙脱土层之间,保持了蒙脱土层状结构。经荧光发射光谱和激发光谱分析可知,Si-Ti-MT是Eu3+发光的有效基体,其发射能级主要为Eu3+613 nm(5D0→7F2);激发光谱中表现了Eu3+的5个特征激发带,分别为363 nm(7F0→5D4),382 nm(7F0→5G2),395 nm(7F0→5L6),415 nm(7F0→5D1)和465 nm(7F0→5D2);热处理促进了Eu3+掺杂的硅钛柱撑蒙脱土的发光,且样品的荧光强度随着Eu3+掺杂量的增加而增强,不会发生浓度猝灭现象。     

LaPO_4∶Eu~(3+)纳米粒子的多醇法合成及其光致发光性能研究

以一缩二乙二醇为溶剂,采用多醇法(polyol method)合成LaPO4∶Eu3+纳米发光材料,利用XRD、FE-SEM、TG-DTA、Uv-vis光谱、光致发光光谱(PL)及寿命等手段进行了表征。结果表明:所得到的材料结晶完好,具有LaPO4的独居石型结构;粒子的形貌为球形,其粒径约为25 nm;在波长为258 nm的紫外光激发下,其发射光谱由Eu3+的5D0-7FJ(J=1,2,3,4)特征发射组成,在592 nm处的磁偶极跃迁(5D0-7F1)最强,表现为Eu3+的橙-红特征发射;LaPO4∶Eu3+纳米粒子中Eu3+的最佳掺杂浓度为5%(摩尔比);Eu3+的光致发光衰减曲线符合单指数行为,其寿命(τ)为3.9 ms。     

YVO_4/Eu~(3+)微米棒的固相合成及其发光性能

以Y2O3、Eu2O3和NH4VO3为初始原料,用Na2CO3作助熔剂,采用高温固相法成功制备出棒状YVO4/Eu3+荧光粉;利用X射线粉末衍射仪、透射电镜、扫描电镜、荧光光谱仪等分析了产物的结构、形貌和发光特性,并探讨了其生长机理.结果表明:YVO4/Eu3+属于四方锆石型结构,空间群为I41/amd;其形貌为微米棒状,平均直径约0.20μm,平均长度约1.16μm.在395nm紫外光激发下,YVO4/Eu3+荧光粉能发出Eu3+的特征红色荧光,发射主峰位于616nm,归属于Eu3+离子的5 D0→7F2电偶极跃迁.     

超细红色荧光粉LaMgAl_(11)O_(19):Eu~(3+)的制备与发光性能

采用凝胶-燃烧法制备了稀土Eu3+掺杂的LaMgAl11O19红色荧光粉的前驱粉末,在低于700℃退火处理时,得到非晶态样品,而高于850℃退火处理后为单一六方相结构LaMgAl11O19:Eu3+样品.SEM结果表明,该法制备的样品为颗粒分布均匀,粒径在200～400nm之间的超细粉末.通过激发光谱和发射光谱研究了Eu3+在LaMgAl11O19基质中的发光性能,结果显示,非晶态和晶态La1-xMgAl11O19:xEu3+样品都可发光,在613nm波长光的监测下所得荧光粉的激发光谱为一宽带和系列锐峰,其最强激发峰出现在蓝光465nm处,次强峰为394nm,表明该荧光粉与广泛使用的紫外和蓝光LED芯片的输出波长相匹配.在465nm波长光的激发下观察到超细LaMgAl11O19粉末中Eu3+的613nm(5D0→7F2)强的特征发射,且随着粉末逐渐成相5D0→7F2跃迁明显增强,说明LaMgAl11O19:Eu3+超细粉末可作为白光LED的红色补偿荧光粉.     

均苯三甲酸铕二元配合物的合成及其荧光性质

以1,3,5-苯三甲酸(H3BTC)为配体,采用溶液沉淀法合成了均苯三甲酸铕二元发光配合物Eu(BTC).2H2O(1),其结构经IR,元素分析和等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP)表征.荧光光谱分析结果表明,1在紫外光照射下,发出Eu3+的特征红光,其中电偶极跃迁(5D0→7F2,613 nm)的发射最强;同时1还具有相对...     

Sr2CeO4:Eu,Gd的微波合成与荧光性质

用微波法合成了Gd3 和Eu3 共掺杂的Sr2CeO4荧光体.Gd3 对Sr2CeO4:Eu的发光起不同的作用:当Eu3 浓度较低(掺杂浓度为1 mol%)时,Gd3 离子起猝灭作用;当Eu3 浓度较高(掺杂浓度为8 mol%)时,Gd3 离子起敏化作用,尤其是Gd3 离子掺杂浓度为3 mol%时,Eu3 的5D0→7F2(614 nm)跃迁发射增强为Sr2CeO4:Eu荧光强度的145%.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

黄酮化合物的合成研究进展

黄酮化合物是一类具有多种生物活性的天然产物,其经典的合成方法主要为查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来出现了许多新技术、新方法.本文介绍了2'-羟基查尔酮的氧化关环法、黄烷酮氧化法、改进的Baker-Venkataraman法及其他合成黄酮化合物的方法.