5A分子筛负载纳米镍铈粒子在气相苯加氢反应中的催化活性

将纳米镍铈粒子负载到５Ａ分子筛上制成负载型催化剂，用气相苯加氢反应考察其催化活性，并通过ＳＥＭ和ＸＲＤ技术检测反应前后催化剂上纳米金属粒子的分散及晶相变化情况。与非负载型纳米镍铈粒子催化剂进行比较，结果显示二者的催化活性与纳米镍铈粒子的储氢特性及表面层中铈镍合金的存在有关。     

甲烷氧化偶联含锂多元复合氧化物催化剂的失活机理

对甲烷氧化偶联反应活性较高的多元复合氧化物催化剂（Ｌｉ－Ｔｉ－Ｌａ，Ｌｉ－Ｍｎ－Ｌａ，Ｌｉ－Ｎｉ－Ｌａ）的稳定性和失活机理进行了初步探讨，利用ＸＲＤ，ＩＲ，ＸＰＳ和Ｏ２－ＴＰＤ等方面对催化剂进行了表征，结果表明，催化剂在高温及反应气氛的作用下，表面锂的流失，使体相晶格中的锂向表面扩散，导致含锂活性相结构的分解（或部分分解），从而减少了体相相氧空位和生氧种的数量，降低了晶格氧的活动性，致使催化剂活必     

预硫化处理对Ce-TiO2催化剂NH3-SCR反应活性影响及其反应机理研究

通过对Ce-TiO2催化剂进行SO2+O2气氛下的不同时间的预硫化处理并用于NH3-SCR反应,研究了Ce-TiO2催化剂物化特性随预硫化时间的演变规律,以及预硫化对中低温活性及NH3-SCR反应路径的影响。结果表明Ce-TiO2催化剂表面氧化铈的硫酸化相当迅速,在预硫化处理0.5h后,几乎所有的表面氧化铈都被硫酸盐化形成硫酸铈,随着硫酸化时间的增加到1h和1.5h,Ce-TiO2催化剂上沉积的硫缓慢增加。活性测试表明预硫化后的催化剂对SCR活性的抑制作用随着反应温度的提高而减弱,结合NO-DRIFT、NH3-DRIFT等多种原位表征,结果表明预硫化后低温NH3-SCR活性大幅降低是由于生成硫酸铈后催化剂氧化还原能力大幅削弱,E-R反应路径严重受阻。随着反应温度的升高,SCR活性逐渐不受硫酸铈沉积的影响,一方面,氧化还原性能的提高导致E-R反应路径逐渐恢复;另一方面,硫酸铈的生成促进了NO的活化,增强了L-H反应路径,两者共同导致了预硫化后较高的中温NH3-SCR活性。     

STUDY OF Cu-Mu CATALYST FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF METHYL FORMATE AND METHANOL FROM SYNTHESIS GAS

将一种新型的ＣｕＭｎ催化剂用于由合成气合成甲酸甲酯和甲醇，该催化剂表现出良好的反应活性和甲酸甲酯选择性。考察了反应温度、合成气压力及催化剂制备方法等对合成甲酸甲酯和甲醇的反应活性及选择性的影响。在反应条件下，产物收率最高达６０．１０ｇ／（Ｌ·ｈ），产物甲酸甲酯的选择性很高。用ＢＥＴ、ＸＲＤ及ＸＰＳＡｕｇｅｒ等测试方法对催化剂的比表面、晶相组成以及铜、锰在催化剂中的价态进行了表征，并探讨了催化剂失活的原因。     

金属蒸气法制备聚合物固载双金属催化剂———Pd-Cu催化剂的价态,分散度与活性

利用金属蒸气法制备了三种不同金属重量比的树脂固载及活性炭负载Ｐｄ Ｃｕ双金属催化剂．透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）和Ｘ 射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）测定结果表明催化剂中Ｐｄ Ｃｕ已形成合金．合金粒度极小，平均直径小于５ｎｍ．树脂固载催化剂金属粒度远小于活性炭负载催化剂的金属粒度．Ｘ 射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）结果表明Ｐｄ和Ｃｕ均以零价态存在．在４ 甲基 ３ 戊烯 ２ 酮加氢反应中，树脂固载催化剂的活性和选择性均高于相应的活性炭负载催化剂     

负载型纳米非贵金属催化剂上CO的氧化行为Ⅱ.纳米铜的制备、结构及催化性能

用惰性气体蒸发法和电弧等离子体法制备了纳米铜粒子，用物理干法将其担载到载体上，并用于催化ＣＯ氧化反应。用ＴＥＭ，ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ对纳米粒子和催化剂进行了表征。结果表明，载体，氧化气氛及制备工艺均影响催化剂的活性，稀土元素铈的存在能提高铜的催化活性，纳米铜在催化过程中将转变为氧化物。     

CO2加H2合成甲醇Cu—Zn—O催化剂表面化学态研究

应用ＸＲＤ、ＥＳＲ、ＵＲＤＳ、ＸＰＳ及ＸＡＥＳ等手段研究了ＣＯ２加Ｈ２合成甲醇Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ｏ催化剂在还原后和反应状态下的表面化学状态。结果表明，在还原及反应状态下，催化剂表面仅能检测到ＣＵ＾０，而未发现稳定的Ｃｕ＾２＋和Ｃｕ＾＋存在；ＺｎＯ被 部分还原产生低价锌Ｚｎ＾（２－δ）＋（０＜δ＜２）。关联活性测试结果认为：Ｃｕ＾ｏ／Ｚｎ＾（２－δ）＋Ｏ构成ＣＯ２加Ｈ２合成甲醇反应的活性中心。     

负载型纳米非贵金属催化剂上CO的氧化行为Ⅱ.纳米铜的制备、结构及催化性能

用惰性气体蒸发法和电弧等离子体法制备了纳米铜粒子，用物理干法将其担载到载体上，并用于催化ＣＯ氧化反应．用ＴＥＭ，ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ对纳米粒子和催化剂进行了表征．结果表明，载体、氧化气氛及制备工艺均影响催化剂的活性，稀土元素铈的存在能提高铜的催化活性，纳米铜在催化过程中将转变为氧化物．     

金属蒸气法制备聚合物固载双金属催化剂——Pd—Cu催化剂的价态,分散度…

利用金属蒸气法制备了三种不同金属重量比的树脂固载及活性炭负载Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ双金属催化剂。透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）和Ｘ－射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）测定结果表明催化剂中Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ已形成合金。合金粒度极小，平均直径小于５ｍｍ。树脂固载催化剂金属粒度远小于活性炭负载催化剂的金属粒度。Ｘ－射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）结果表明Ｐｄ和Ｃｕ均以零价态存在。在４－甲基－３－戊烯－２－酮加氢反应中，树脂固载催化剂的活性和选择性均高于相应的     

铑配合物催化甲醇羰基化反应的性能和机理

本文合成了２－丁酸甲酯吡啶与四羰基二氯二铑形成的螯合形配合物，并用Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ），红外光谱（ＩＲ）及核磁共振（ＮＭＲ）研究确定了其配位结构特征，通过甲醇羰基化制备乙酸的反应揭示了其结构特征对催化剂活性及稳定性的影响，并提出了可能的反应机理。     

Oxidation of NO over cobalt oxide supported on esoporous silica

Cobalt oxide catalysts supported on mesoporous silica (Co3O4/MPS) were prepared, characterized and applied for catalytic oxidation of NO. Effects of catalyst supports, calcination temperatures, H2O and SO2 on NO conversion were investigated. The samples were also characterized by BET, XRD, FTIR and TG/DTG. The results suggested that Co3O4/MPS catalyst calcined at 573 K had the smallest crystal particles and the best surface dispersion. This catalyst had the highest activity and yielded 82% NO conversion at 573 K, at a space velocity of 12000 h−1. Although the conversion of NO decreased with the introduction of H2O, it could be restored completely after removing residual H2O from Co3O4/MPS catalyst by heating at 573 K. In the presence of SO2, the oxidation activity decreased and CoSO4 was detected on the catalyst. The NO conversion decreased to 30.2% in the presence of SO2 and H2O. It could not be restored completely after cutting off H2O and SO2. The deactivation of the catalyst in the presence of SO2 and H2O was attributed to the formation of cobalt sulfate species.     

H2O和SO2对Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti催化剂催化氧化NO性能的影响

为了提高MNO_x/TiO₂催化剂催化氧化NO的活性,在载体TiO₂上负载醋酸锰的同时掺杂了一定量的硝酸铈,构成了Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti催化剂,并对催化剂进行XRD、BET和XPS等表征。重点考察了H₂O和SO₂对催化剂活性的影响,通过FT-IR、SEM和BET等表征手段对毒化前后的催化剂组成及结构进行了分析。结果表明,Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti催化剂具有较好的活性,在空速41 000 h^-1、NO体积分数为300×10^-6及O₂含量10%的条件下,反应温度200℃时NO转化率可达58%,250℃时NO转化率达到最高值85%。单独加入4%H₂O使得催化剂活性降低,升高反应温度,H₂O对催化剂的影响减弱;同时通入4%H₂O和100×10^-6SO₂,在反应温度250℃时,NO转化率下降并维持在48%左右,停止通入后恢复到61%。H₂O和SO₂使催化剂活性物种硫酸盐化失活。     

磁性纳米固体超强酸的合成、表征及性能

首次制备了SO₄^2-/Co_0.5Fe_2.5O₄-ZrO₂磁性固体超强酸,利用TEM,DTA,XRD和FTIR等手段研究了Co_0.5Fe_2.5O₄磁性基质对ZrO₂的粒子大小、晶化温度与结构的影响.考察了磁性固体超强酸的催化性能及催化剂的寿命、回收率和磁性.结果表明,引入Co_0.5Fe_2.5O₄磁性基质不但赋予催化剂以磁性,而且在固体超强酸形成过程中延迟了ZrO₂由四方晶相向单斜晶相的转变,有助于稳定样品表面的含硫物种,磁性固体超强酸对酯化反应具有较高的催化活性,可活化再生,并保持磁性.     

固体超强酸SO2-4-MoO3-TiO2的制备及其催化酯化性能研究

In this paper a new solid superacid catalyst SO2-4-MoO3-TiO2 was prepared.The activity of the catalyst in esterification of acetic acid and iso-amyl alcohol was measured and compared with that of SO2-4-TiO2 and MoO3-TiO2.The results showed that SO2-4-MoO3-TiO2 had better catalytic performance than SO2-4-TiO2 and MoO3-TiO2.There was evident coordination between MoO3 and SO2-4 when they coexisted on TiO2.     

Catalysis of SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 nanometer solid superacid

Superacid catalyst SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 was applied in esterification of Acetic Acid and Butanol. The particle size of ZrO2 in the catalyst was about 12.5 nm. In catalyst preparation conditions, the effect factor order on catalytic activity is H2SO4 concentration ＞ calcination temperature ＞ ZrO2 supported content. The optimum preparation condition is as follows: ZrO2 content 3.5g/g; calcination temperature 600℃, and H2SO4 concentration 0.5mol/L. The catalytic activity is 96.5 vol%.SO42-/MxOy solid superacid is a kind of green catalyst, whose application perspective is bright. In this paper, SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 solid superacid was prepared with nanometer compound carrying method. The acidic strength of catalysts was measured with the following Hammett indicators, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (H0=-14.52) and p-nitrochlorobenzene (H0=-12.70). Catalytic activity was evaluated with esterification reaction of Acetic Acid and Butanol. Reaction temperature was at 105℃, and reaction time was only 1h. The conversion rate of Acetic Acid was analyzed by a gas chromatograph (GC-14C SHIMADZU in Japan)The experimental results showed that H2SO4 concentration had more influences on catalytic activity than other two factors, calcination temperature and ZrO2 supported content. Since sulfur absorbed on the surface of metal oxides is necessary to the acidity of SO42-/MxOy solid superacid,H2SO4 concentration in impregnation solution is needed enough high. But, it can't be too much high,otherwise, Zirconium sulfate formed on the catalyst surface will be harmful influences on catalytic activity. In researched cover, 0.5mol/L H2SO4 concentration is the most suitable, and the catalyst prepared with this concentration has very strong acidity.The optimum preparation condition is as follows: ZrO2 content 3.5g/g; calcination temperature 600℃, and H2SO4 concentration 0.5mol/L. In the catalyst prepared with above conditions, the acidic strength (H0) of the catalyst is smaller than ＜-14.52, and catalytic activity is 96.5 vol%. When it was re-used in esterification reaction, catalytic activity decreased gradually with re-used times increasing(seen in Table 1). But after catalyst is used repeatedly up to five times, catalytic activity (84.3 vol %)is still higher than that of H2SO4 catalyst.The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that ZrO2 supported in TiO2 belonged tetragonal zirconia phases. Through the calculation of Scherrer formula, the particle size of ZrO2 in the catalyst is about 12.5 nm. After SO42- promoted nanometer ZrO2/TiO2 compound carrier, the diffraction peaks of tetragonal zircoma become broader and the strength weaker. It shows that adding SO4 ions restrains the crystallization of ZrO2, diminishes the size of particles. This might be why SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 has high catalytic activity and stability in acidic catalysis reaction.     

固体强酸催化剂S_2O_8~(2-)/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3-M_2O_3(M=Cr,Ce,La)的制备

固体强酸具有酸强度高 ,不腐蚀设备 ,不污染环境 ,与产物分离方便等特点 ,是一种对环境友好的催化剂。业已发现固体强酸对许多重要的有机反应如烃类异构化、傅克酰基化、傅克烷基化、酯化、缩合、聚合、氧化等具有良好的催化活性 ,可替代传统的浓 H2 SO4 及 Al Cl3、HF等高污染催化剂。在前文 [1]基础上 ,本文通过添加 Cr2 O3、Ce2 O3和 La2 O3对催化剂 S2 O2 - 8/Zr O2 - Al2 O3改进后制备出 S2 O2 - 8/Zr O2 -Al2 O3- M2 O3( M=Cr,Ce,La)系列固体强酸催化剂 ,用对乙酸和正丁醇的酯化转化率评价了催化活性 ,用 XRD、BET、流…     

Preparation and Catalytic Activity of SO42-/TiO-La2O3 in Synthesis of Butyl Butyrate

Butyl butyrate is a very important compound, which is transparent liquid and has the pear,apple flavor. Natural exist is in the fruit, such as apple, pear, banana, grape and strawberry, etc.Primarily used for to prepare the edible spice and is also widely used in industrial intermediate product, solvent and synthetic perfumery. Until now, there are many methods to synthesize it.Conventionally H2SO4 was reported, but it causes many problems, such as the erosion of equipment,easily causes the vice-reaction, difficulty for after-treatment, environment pollution etc. A new environmentally friendly catalyst, SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 was prepared. And catalytic activity of catalyst in esterification of n-butanoic acid and n-butyl alcohol with SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 as catalyst has been no report up to now. Therefore, studying on the synthetic catalyst has theoretical and practical significances. The catalytic activity of catalyst in esterification of n-butanoic acid and n-butyl alcohol was measured.In this paper, we fast reported the preparation of SO42-/riO2-La2O3 and discussed the factors influencing the synthesis catalyst. The catalyst rare earth solid superacid SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 was The precipitate was filtered and washed thoroughly with distilled water until chloride ions were free.furnace at 480 ℃ for 3 h, and finally stored in a desiccator until use.The factors influencing the synthesis were discussed and the best conditions were found out. The experiment indicated that this catalyst has the following advantage. The amount of catalyst was little and getting high yield, its product has a good quanlity and is favour of reducing erosion of equipment, avoiding environment pollution. The optimum conditions are: molar ratio of n-butanoic acid to n-butyl alcohol was 1:1.5, the quantity of catalyst was equal to 1.5% of feed stocks, the reaction temperature was 93-114 ℃, and the reaction time was 1.0 h. Rare earth solid superacid SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 is an excellent catalyst for synthetizing butyl butyrate and its yield can reach over 90.0%.A good catalyst should be able to be used repeatedly. The reusing of the catalyst was studied. We found that the catalytic activities of our catalyst are almost unchanged after it had been used five times. From the above results and discussion, we can see that the synthesis of n-butyl butyrate by SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 instead of H2SO4 has a great prospect of application. It has a good applied foreground.     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)-MoO_3-TiO_2的制备及其催化酯化性能研究

ＳＯ2 -4 ＭｘＯｙ 型固体超强酸自问世以来一直受到人们的广泛关注 ,已对其进行了大量的研究。该类催化剂的酸强度高 ,在烷基化、酰基化、裂解、醇脱水、异构化、酯化等反应中有很高的催化活性。最常用的氧化物基体是ＺｒＯ2 和ＴｉＯ2 ,最好的促进剂是ＳＯ2 -4 。也有用ＭｏＯ3作促进剂的[1～3] ,得到相应的超强酸催化剂。作者在ＳＯ2 -4 ＴｉＯ2 超强酸的基础上 ,将ＭｏＯ3和ＳＯ2 -4 同时负载在ＴｉＯ2基体上 ,得到ＳＯ2 -4 ＭｏＯ3 ＴｉＯ2 固体超强酸 ,以乙酸异戊酯的合成为探针反应考察了该催化剂的催化酯化活性 ,并与ＳＯ2 -4 …     

V2O5-CeO2/TiO2催化剂上低温氨选择性催化还原NO的性能

考察了V2O5-CeO2/TiO2催化剂中V、Ce活性组分的担载量和焙烧温度对催化剂低温催化还原NO活性的影响及其在单独SO2、H2O和两者共存气氛下的抗毒化性能。结果表明,焙烧温度400℃下制备的5V30Ce/TiO2催化剂具有良好的低温催化还原NO活性,空速为10000h-1,165℃时NO转化率达99.2%;500℃以下低焙烧温度时,添加的Ce不与V相互作用,在催化剂表面主要以CeO2形式存在,有利于增大催化剂比表面积,增强V2O5在催化剂上的分散度,提高催化活性。而在500℃以上较高焙烧温度下,Ce与V会形成CeVO4,对活性提高不利。催化剂具有良好的低温抗水中毒性能,但受SO2毒化作用明显,其在SO2、H2O共存气氛下中毒程度较单独SO2下浅。     

低温陈化超声波共沉淀制备SO4^2-/ZrO2-La2O3催化剂

低温陈化超声波共沉淀法制得SO4^2-/ZrO2-La2O3前驱体,经H2SO4处理,在不同温度下焙烧得到纳米晶催化剂SO4^2-/ZrO2-La2O3;用Hammett指示剂法测定其酸性．用XRD、BET、TEM、IR和XPS对样品进行表征,其催化活性用醋酸和甘油的酯化反应进行了评价．结果表明经超声波搅拌和低温（-15℃）陈化,650℃焙烧4h得到的固体超强酸表现出较高催化活性．