硫酸浸渍La_2O_3掺杂TiO_2光催化剂对甲基橙废水化学耗氧量的影响

采用不同浓度的硫酸溶液浸渍处理La2O3掺杂TiO2,随后经焙烧制得一系列SO24-/TiO2-La2O3光催化剂;考察了SO24-/TiO2-La2O3光催化剂对甲基橙废水溶液化学耗氧量的影响.结果表明,SO24-/TiO2-La2O3的光催化活性比TiO2-La2O3的高;H2SO4浸渍液浓度对SO24-/TiO2-La2O3的光催化活性有一定的影响,H2SO4溶液的最佳浓度为0.5mol/L.同时,催化剂的焙烧温度对其光催化活性也有一定的影响,最佳焙烧温度为500℃;而复合催化剂中La2O3的最佳掺杂量为0.3%.     

镓掺杂SO4^2—／ZrO2的制备及其对正丁烷异构化反应的催化性能

通过沉淀、回流和浸渍法制备了镓掺杂的纳米级固体超强酸SO4^2-／Ga2O3／ZrO2，并用X射线衍射、透射电镜、热重、吡啶吸附红外光谱、低温N2-BET及化学分析等技术对SO4^2-／Ga2O3／ZrO2的结构、表面性质及其对正丁烷异构化反应的催化活性进行了研究．结果表明，掺杂Ga2O3可以抑制制备过程中ZrO2晶粒长大，有利于抑制高温下催化剂由四方相转变为单斜相．与未掺杂的催化剂相比，Ga2O3的掺杂提高了催化剂表面SO4^2-的分解温度，有利于催化剂表面形成更多的酸中心．SO4^2-／Ga2O3／ZrO2对正丁烷异构化反应显示出优异的催化性能．其中，含3％Ga2O3的样品的活性最高，220℃下其初活性为59．1％；反应1h后，其活性基本保持稳定，稳态转化率大于51％，接近该反应条件下正丁烷的平衡转化率．     

固体超强酸S2O8^2-／ZrO2-CeO2催化剂的结构与性能表征

用共沉淀法制备了固体超强酸S2O8^2-／ZrO2-CeO2催化剂,通过XRD,FTIR,BET,TEM,DSC／TG等分析手段对其结构进行了表征,并考察了其对乳酸丁酯合成反应的催化活性。结果表明．Ce的引入可以有效地抑制ZrO2晶粒由四方相向单斜晶相转变和催化剂表面含硫物种的流失;当焙烧温度高于500℃时,体系内部有四方相Ce0.16Zr0.84O2固溶体形成,最佳焙烧温度为600℃。在n（乳酸）：n（正丁醇）=1．0：3．0,。（S2O8^2-／ZrO2-CeO2）=12．0％,反应温度145℃,反应时间2．0h的条件下,S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2催化剂对乳酸的酯化率达96．6％。     

具有中孔结构的SO4^2—／Zr—HMS型固体超强酸的合成和结构表征

用TEOS－Zr-HAD-H2O-Etheanol体系合成了Zr-HAD的中孔分子筛，脱除模板剂后用0．5mol/L硫酸处理和550℃高温焙烧3h，制得一种中孔SO4^2－／Zr-HAD超强酸催化剂，采用XRD对其结构进行表征，用指示剂法，TG和NH3－TPD对其酸性进行了表征。结果表明，经过一系列处理后制得的SO4^2-／Zr-HAD催化剂具备HMS中孔分子筛的结构特征，其酸强度可达H0＝－13．75，在锆及SO4^2-含量远远低于SO4^2-／ZrO2的条件下，SO4^2-／Zr-HAD催化剂对于苯酐和正丁醇酯化反应的活性仍高于SO4^2-／ZrO2催化剂。     

V（V）促进SO4^2-／ZrO2固体超强酸的制备及催化反应

用低温陈化的方法制得V（V）促进型SO4^2-／ZrO2固体超强酸（SZV），用流动指示剂法测定其酸强度，用IR，XRD和XPS进行结构表征，并将制得的催化剂用于催化乙酸和丙三醇的酯化反应．结果表明，低温陈化样品比常温陈化有更强的酸性和更高的催化活性，IR谱图中S—O键的伸缩振动峰显著增强，在600～650℃的焙烧温度下，低温陈化样品的晶体结构为ZrO2四方相，XPS图中Zx3d峰位出现较大的化学位移，表明低温陈化使SZV样品具有较高的酸性．     

SO4 2- /ZrO2酸性及其催化液化性能研究

通过沉淀 浸渍法制备了一系列SO4 2－/ZrO2固体酸催化剂,利用NH3-TPD、FT-IR及间歇式高压加氢实验考察了SO4 2－/ZrO2固体酸的酸性和催化液化性能。对SO4 2－/ZrO2固体酸的结构进行了XRD、BET及TG/DTA表征。结果表明,SO4 2－/ZrO2固体酸表面酸中心强度呈非均一化、连续分布,中强酸是SO4 2－/ZrO2主要的酸中心;煤液化反应中,SO4 2－/ZrO2固体酸催化作用主要表现为催化裂解,酸中心越强,催化活性越高;提高SO4 2－/ZrO2焙烧温度,有利于提高酸中心强度及强酸中心分布、增大煤的转化率;650℃焙烧3h ,SO4 2－/ZrO2催化活性最高,煤液化转化率达到76.77%。     

焙烧温度对纳米级SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸性能的影响

用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸，考查了焙烧温度对酸强度、比表面积、红外光谱及其催化活性的影响．结果显示该催化剂在450℃焙烧3h，可以形成纳米级SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸的结构，用该催化剂催化乙酸和丁醇酯化反应可使酯化率达到98．4％。     

S2O2-8-/ZrO2-Al2O3固体超强酸催化剂的研制与应用

固体超强酸因其特殊的晶相结构和表面特性及高比表面积使其具有许多重要的催化特性[1],某些经特殊处理得到的金属氧化物(如ZrO2、TiO2、Fe 2O3等)负载SO24-后可以成为固体超强酸[2]..有关SO24-/ZrO2系列固体超强酸的研究和应用报道较多[3,4a,5].夏勇德等[4b,6]报道用(NH4)2S2O8浸渍无定形Zr(OH)4可制备超强酸性和催化活性比SO24-/ZrO2更强的新型固体超强酸S2O28-/ZrO2.本文在文献方法的基础上,制出新型固体超强酸S2O28-/ZrO2-Al2O3,以乙酸和正丁醇的酯化反应作探针,优选出高活性催化剂并成功地用于催化合成4种缩酮(醛)类化合物.它们经纯化处理后均可作为食用香料.     

水热法改性氢氧化锆制备Pt—SO4^2—／ZrO2固体酸催化剂I．水热温度的影响

通过水热法改性氢氧化锆制备了Pt-SO4^2-/ZrO2固体酸催化剂，并用低温氮吸附、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和差热分析等技术考察了氢氧化锆水热处理时的温度对Pt-SO4^2-/ZrO2固体酸物化性能及催化性能的影响，对水热改性的作用机理进行了讨论。在连续微反－色谱装置上评价了催化剂对正戊烷异构化反应的催化活性。用水热法对氢氧化锆粒子进行处理，可以使其形成较稳固的孔结构。这种孔结构具有较高的热稳定性，可有效阻止焙烧过程中氧化锆粒子的烧经长大。与室温老化制备的催化剂相比，由在90－110℃下水热改性氢氧化锆所制备的催化剂的比表面积、硫含量和孔体积均有显著的提高，但催化剂的TOF下降；水热温度高于130℃时，催化剂的TOF升高。实验结果表明，由水热法得到的晶态水合氧化锆也可以制备SO4^2-/ZrO2类固体酸。     

纳米固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2-SiO2的研究

采用纳米化学制备技术合成了新型的纳米固体超强酸催化剂SO2-4/ ZrO2-SiO2.该催化剂对醋酸和脂肪醇的酯化反应有很好的催化作用,并具有耐水性强,再生容易,可重复使用,不腐蚀设备,不污染环境等优点,是对环境友好并具有应用前景的绿色工业催化剂.用XRD、XPS、TEM、IR和化学分析等手段分析了SO2-4 / ZrO2-SiO2的晶化过程、比表面积、含硫量.结果表明,浸渍液H2SO4浓度、焙烧温度、沉淀条件、比表面积和含硫量均明显影响SO2-4 / ZrO2-SiO2的酸强度及催化活性.SO2-4 / ZrO2-SiO2最佳制备条件陈化温度为0℃,浸渍液H2SO4浓度为0.5 mol/ L,焙烧温度为650℃,焙烧时间为3 h.     

Catalysis of SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 nanometer solid superacid

Superacid catalyst SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 was applied in esterification of Acetic Acid and Butanol. The particle size of ZrO2 in the catalyst was about 12.5 nm. In catalyst preparation conditions, the effect factor order on catalytic activity is H2SO4 concentration ＞ calcination temperature ＞ ZrO2 supported content. The optimum preparation condition is as follows: ZrO2 content 3.5g/g; calcination temperature 600℃, and H2SO4 concentration 0.5mol/L. The catalytic activity is 96.5 vol%.SO42-/MxOy solid superacid is a kind of green catalyst, whose application perspective is bright. In this paper, SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 solid superacid was prepared with nanometer compound carrying method. The acidic strength of catalysts was measured with the following Hammett indicators, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (H0=-14.52) and p-nitrochlorobenzene (H0=-12.70). Catalytic activity was evaluated with esterification reaction of Acetic Acid and Butanol. Reaction temperature was at 105℃, and reaction time was only 1h. The conversion rate of Acetic Acid was analyzed by a gas chromatograph (GC-14C SHIMADZU in Japan)The experimental results showed that H2SO4 concentration had more influences on catalytic activity than other two factors, calcination temperature and ZrO2 supported content. Since sulfur absorbed on the surface of metal oxides is necessary to the acidity of SO42-/MxOy solid superacid,H2SO4 concentration in impregnation solution is needed enough high. But, it can't be too much high,otherwise, Zirconium sulfate formed on the catalyst surface will be harmful influences on catalytic activity. In researched cover, 0.5mol/L H2SO4 concentration is the most suitable, and the catalyst prepared with this concentration has very strong acidity.The optimum preparation condition is as follows: ZrO2 content 3.5g/g; calcination temperature 600℃, and H2SO4 concentration 0.5mol/L. In the catalyst prepared with above conditions, the acidic strength (H0) of the catalyst is smaller than ＜-14.52, and catalytic activity is 96.5 vol%. When it was re-used in esterification reaction, catalytic activity decreased gradually with re-used times increasing(seen in Table 1). But after catalyst is used repeatedly up to five times, catalytic activity (84.3 vol %)is still higher than that of H2SO4 catalyst.The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that ZrO2 supported in TiO2 belonged tetragonal zirconia phases. Through the calculation of Scherrer formula, the particle size of ZrO2 in the catalyst is about 12.5 nm. After SO42- promoted nanometer ZrO2/TiO2 compound carrier, the diffraction peaks of tetragonal zircoma become broader and the strength weaker. It shows that adding SO4 ions restrains the crystallization of ZrO2, diminishes the size of particles. This might be why SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 has high catalytic activity and stability in acidic catalysis reaction.     

Preparation and Catalytic Activity of SO42-/TiO-La2O3 in Synthesis of Butyl Butyrate

Butyl butyrate is a very important compound, which is transparent liquid and has the pear,apple flavor. Natural exist is in the fruit, such as apple, pear, banana, grape and strawberry, etc.Primarily used for to prepare the edible spice and is also widely used in industrial intermediate product, solvent and synthetic perfumery. Until now, there are many methods to synthesize it.Conventionally H2SO4 was reported, but it causes many problems, such as the erosion of equipment,easily causes the vice-reaction, difficulty for after-treatment, environment pollution etc. A new environmentally friendly catalyst, SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 was prepared. And catalytic activity of catalyst in esterification of n-butanoic acid and n-butyl alcohol with SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 as catalyst has been no report up to now. Therefore, studying on the synthetic catalyst has theoretical and practical significances. The catalytic activity of catalyst in esterification of n-butanoic acid and n-butyl alcohol was measured.In this paper, we fast reported the preparation of SO42-/riO2-La2O3 and discussed the factors influencing the synthesis catalyst. The catalyst rare earth solid superacid SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 was The precipitate was filtered and washed thoroughly with distilled water until chloride ions were free.furnace at 480 ℃ for 3 h, and finally stored in a desiccator until use.The factors influencing the synthesis were discussed and the best conditions were found out. The experiment indicated that this catalyst has the following advantage. The amount of catalyst was little and getting high yield, its product has a good quanlity and is favour of reducing erosion of equipment, avoiding environment pollution. The optimum conditions are: molar ratio of n-butanoic acid to n-butyl alcohol was 1:1.5, the quantity of catalyst was equal to 1.5% of feed stocks, the reaction temperature was 93-114 ℃, and the reaction time was 1.0 h. Rare earth solid superacid SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 is an excellent catalyst for synthetizing butyl butyrate and its yield can reach over 90.0%.A good catalyst should be able to be used repeatedly. The reusing of the catalyst was studied. We found that the catalytic activities of our catalyst are almost unchanged after it had been used five times. From the above results and discussion, we can see that the synthesis of n-butyl butyrate by SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 instead of H2SO4 has a great prospect of application. It has a good applied foreground.     

胶溶法制备铈锆镧共改性氧化铝及催化性能

γ-Al2O3是机动车尾气净化催化剂的常用载体,其高温热稳定性、比表面积、孔容、孔径及表面酸性等对催化活性有很大影响.近年来,大量研究结果表明,铈、锆、镧和钡等元素的添加可以提高氧化铝的高温热稳定性和催化活性[1～3],然而这些研究大多致力于单组分或者双组分改性氧化铝,制备方法以浸渍法和溶胶-凝胶法为主.胶溶法制备三组分共同改性氧化铝的研究很少.本文利用胶溶法制备了系列铈、锆、镧改性氧化铝,讨论了三组分共同添加对氧化铝载体的性质以及催化剂活性的影响.     

引入SiO2对SO4^2—／ZrO2超强酸体系的影响

用共沉淀法和负载法制备了一系列SO4^2-/ZrO2催化剂,详细研究了添加SiO2对SO4^2-/ZrO2超强酸样品的晶化、比表面、硫含量、超强酸性和异丙苯裂解及异丙醇脱水反应的影响。引入SiO2会延迟ZrO2的晶化和晶相转变,减弱SO4^2-/ZrO2体系的超强酸性,但对提高样品的异丙苯裂解和异丙醇脱水反应活性有利。     

Pt/CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3柴油车尾气氧化催化剂活性及抗硫性能

采用两种方法制备了三种Pt/CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3柴油车尾气氧化催化剂,并用X射线衍射、N2物理吸附、程序升温还原、程序升温脱附、X射线荧光光谱和红外光谱等方法对其进行了表征.结果发现,制备方法对催化剂的结构、织构、抗硫性能及催化性能的影响非常大.对其进行硫中毒,导致起燃温度明显升高.将ZrO2和La2O3沉积...     

Pt/MOx-SiO2 (M=Ce,Zr, Al)催化剂对CO和C3H8氧化性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备质量比为1:1的MOx-SiO2(M=Ce,Zr,Al)复合氧化物,以此为载体采用浸渍法制备了铂基氧化型催化剂.考察了该系列催化剂在模拟柴油车尾气条件下,经SO2硫化前后对C3H8和CO的氧化性能.用X射线衍射(XRD)、低温N2吸附-脱附、氨气/氧气/二氧化碳程序升温脱附(NH3/O2/CO2-TPD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段进行了表征.NH3-TPD证实催化剂表面存在多种酸中心,硫化后催化剂表面中强酸中心增多.O2-TPD证实催化剂表面存在α和β氧物种,硫化后催化剂表面氧脱附量减少.其中Pt/Al2O3-SiO2表面酸性最弱和表面氧脱附量最大.XPS结果表明新鲜催化剂经硫化后会使催化剂表面Pt的结合能降低.活性测试结果表明,三种催化剂对CO和C3H8的催化氧化活性均较好,其中Pt/ZrO2-SiO2抗SO2中毒性能最佳,具有良好的应用前景.     

固体超强酸对合成辛基多苷的催化作用

SO2 -4 /ZrO2 固体超强酸用作合成辛基多苷 (OctylPolyglycosides)的催化剂 ,具有活性高、选择性好、易与产品分离、无污染、可重复利用等优点。文中主要讨论SO2 -4 /ZrO2 ,SO2 -4 /ZrO2 MoO3、SO2 -4 /ZrO2 Fe2 O3、以及SO2 -4 /ZrO2 SiO2 固体超强酸在合成辛基多苷反应中的不同催化活性。实验证明 :同一制备条件下的不同催化剂其活性不同 ,且SO2 -4 /ZrO2 的活性、选择性最好 ,可使葡萄糖的转化率高达 96%。     

Autothermal reforming of methane over Ni catalysts supported over ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3

Ni catalysts supported on Al2O3, ZrO2-Al2O3, CeO2-Al2O3 and ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 were prepared by coprecipitation method, and their catalytic performances for autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen were investigated. The Ni-supported catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR and XPS. The relationship between the structures and catalytic activities of the catalysts was discussed. The results showed that the catalytic activity and stability of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was better than those of other catalysts with the highest CH4 conversion, H2/CO and H2/COx ratio at 750 ℃. The catalyst showed a little deactivation along the reaction time during its 72 h on stream with the mean deactivation rate of 0.08%/h. The catalytic performance of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was also affected by reaction temperature, no2 ： nCH4 molar ratio and nH2O ： nCH4 molar ratio. TPR, XRD and XPS measurements indicated that the formation of ZrO2-CeO2 solid solution could improve the dispersion of NiO, and inhibit the formation of NiAl2O3, and thus significantly promoted the catalytic activity of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst.