固体超强酸SO4^2——MoO3—TiO2的制备及其催化酯化性能研究

SO4^2--MxOy型固体超强酸自问世以来一直受到人们的广泛关注,已对其进行了大量的研究。该类催化剂的酸度强度高,在烷基化、酰基化、裂解、醇脱水、异构化、酯化等反应中有很高的催化活性。最常用的氧化物基体是ZrO2和TiO2,最后的促进剂SO4^2-。也有用MoO3作促进剂的^[1-3],得到相应的超强酸催化剂。作者在SO4^2--TiO2超强酸的基础上,将MoO3和SO4^2-同时负载在TiO2基体上,得到SO4^2--MoO3-TiO2固体超强酸,以乙酸异戊酯的合成为探针反应考察了该催化剂的催化酯化活性,并与SO4^2--TiO2、MoO3-TiO2的催化酯化活性作了比较。     

SO4^2—／MXOY型固体超强酸及其催化酯化

ＳＯ４＾２－／ＭＸＯＹ型固体超强酸用作酯化反应的催化剂，具有催化活性高、选择性好、易与产品分离、无污染、可重复利用等优点。本文综述了ＳＯ４＾２／ＭＸＯＹ型固体超强酸的研究进展及其在酯化反应中的催化作用。探讨了这类固体超强酸的制备条件、表面结构及其用作酯化催化剂的性能和寿命等问题。     

固体超强酸SO4^2—／TiO2 催化合成异戊酸异戊酯

异戊酸异戊酯是ＧＢ2 760 - 86规定为允许使用的食用香料 ,也可微量用于化妆品、皂用香精中[1] 。异戊酸异戊酯传统合成方法为硫酸催化下由异戊酸与异戊醇直接酯化反应制得[2 ] ,由于浓硫酸易使有机物炭化、氧化 ,故副反应多、酯产物色泽深、产率受影响的诸多缺点 ,因此 ,有人开发了由异戊醇一步法合成异戊酸异戊酯的方法[3～ 5] ,但异戊酸异戊酯的收率不高 ,仅为 5 8～70 .6%。本文采用更换酯化反应催化剂的方法 ,以ＳＯ2 -4 ＴｉＯ2 固体超强酸作为催化剂 ,对异戊酸异戊酯的合成进行了研究。1　实验1 1　ＳＯ2 -4 ＴｉＯ2 固体超强酸的制…     

焙烧温度对纳米级SO2- 4/TiO2固体超强酸性能的影响

用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO2- 4/TiO2固体超强酸,考查了焙烧温度对酸强度、比表面积、红外光谱及其催化活性的影响.结果显示该催化剂在450℃焙烧3 h,可以形成纳米级SO2-4/TiO2固体超强酸的结构.用该催化剂催化乙酸和丁醇酯化反应可使酯化率达到98.4%.     

复合固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-Fe_2O_3催化合成丁酸异丁酯

采用溶胶 凝胶法制备的复合固体超强酸催化剂ＳＯ2-果表明物质的量比ｎ(Ｔｉ)∶ｎ(Ｆｅ)=2∶1时催化剂活性最高,这与文献结果[2]有所不同。1　实验部分1 1　试剂和仪器丁酸、异丁醇、苯、表面活性剂(ＰＥＧ-600)、乙醇、三氯化铁等为分析纯;钛酸四丁酯为化学纯。上海产ＷＺＳ-1型阿贝折射仪;日本岛津ＧＣ-16Ａ气相色谱仪;ＧＥＭＩＮＩ2360型氮气吸附全自动表面分析仪。1 2　催化剂ＳＯ2-4/ＴｉＯ2-Ｆｅ2Ｏ3的制备、酸强度及ＢＥＴ表面积测定　　取一定量的钛酸四丁酯剧烈搅拌下缓慢滴加到80ｍｌ无水乙醇中,搅拌20ｍｉｎ,快速加入80ｍｌ2…     

添加非金属元素Si对固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2的改性研究

采用共沉淀法引入Ｓｉ对ＳＯ２－４／ＴｉＯ２进行改性，制得了ＳＯ２－４／Ｔｉ－Ｓｉ－Ｏ系列固体超强酸，试样经ＩＲ、ＳＥＭ、ＸＲＤ表征和低温正戊烷异构化活性测试，发现超强酸中心是硫酸根离子与金属原子Ｔｉ结合形成的双配位螯合结构，在超强酸性的样品中ＴｉＯ２均呈锐钛矿晶型。引入Ｓｉ仅迟滞ＴｉＯ２晶化过程，控制Ｓｉ在ＳＯ２－４／Ｔｉ－Ｓｉ－Ｏ体系中的含量可以有效调节固体超强酸的酸性，并提高正戊烷异构化反应的选择性。     

分子筛负载TiO_2/SO_4~(2-)催化合成乙酰丙酸乙酯的研究

乙酰丙酸乙酯是一种新型香料 ,主要用于烟草香精去除尼古丁 ,也用于水果保鲜。目前国内只有极少数厂家以硫酸为催化剂生产该产品。如果以固体超强酸作催化剂 ,不但可克服用硫酸作催化剂时易污染环境、腐蚀设备的缺点 ,而且在有机合成反应尤其是酯化反应中显示出非常高的活性 ,因而受到国内外科技工作者和企业家的高度重视[1 ,2 ] ,成为催化剂研究的热点之一。我们研制了以分子筛为载体的ＴｉＯ2 /ＳＯ2 -4 固体超强酸催化剂 (简称ＢＳＴ型催化剂 ) ,并用其催化合成了乙酰丙酸乙酯。1　实验1 1　试剂与仪器1 3Ｘ型4ｍｍ球状分子筛 (上海环…     

焙烧温度对纳米级SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2固体超强酸性能的影响

用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸,考查了焙烧温度对酸强度、比表面积、红外光谱及其催化活性的影响.结果显示该催化剂在450℃焙烧3 h,可以形成纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸的结构.用该催化剂催化乙酸和丁醇酯化反应可使酯化率达到98.4%.     

纳米复合固体超强酸S_2O_8~(2-)/CoFe_2O_4催化合成癸二酸二乙酯

将硫酸钴、硫酸亚铁在NaOH溶液中与NaHCO3反应制得碱式碳酸盐前驱体 ,后者用 (NH4 ) 2 S2 O8浸渍、干燥 ,再经 5 0 0℃焙烧得到固体超强酸催化剂S2 O2 -8/CoFe2 O4 。产物经XRD、TEM、BET、TG DTA及化学法等检测 ,含硫量 4 5 2 % ,粒径为 4 2nm ,比表面积为 1 4 6m2 /g ,粒度均匀。催化剂的酸强度处于 -1 6 0 2和-1 4 5 2之间。以该固体酸为催化剂 ,由癸二酸和无水乙醇合成了癸二酸二乙酯。最佳反应条件为 :n(醇 )∶n(酸 ) =4 0∶1 0 ,癸二酸 0 1mol,催化剂 1 0 g ,反应时间 2 5h。在此反应条件下 ,酯化率可达 93 6%。     

SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸催化合成乙醛酸L-盖基酯

乙醛酸L-盖基酯是一种重要的手性试剂和手性中间体.本文以SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸作催化剂,由乙醛酸与L-薄荷醇酯化合成乙醛酸L-盖基酯,通过正交实验探讨了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、酸醇摩尔比4个因素对该酯化反应的影响,得到优化工艺条件,收率达78.5%,并对L-薄荷醇的套用及SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸的重复使用进行了研究.     

固体超强酸SO2-4-MoO3-TiO2的制备及其催化酯化性能研究

In this paper a new solid superacid catalyst SO2-4-MoO3-TiO2 was prepared.The activity of the catalyst in esterification of acetic acid and iso-amyl alcohol was measured and compared with that of SO2-4-TiO2 and MoO3-TiO2.The results showed that SO2-4-MoO3-TiO2 had better catalytic performance than SO2-4-TiO2 and MoO3-TiO2.There was evident coordination between MoO3 and SO2-4 when they coexisted on TiO2.     

氨法选择性还原氮氧化物 V2O5/TiO2-PILC催化剂的抗硫性能

选择性催化还原(SCR)是目前去除氮氧化物最有效的方法之一. V2O5/TiO2催化剂被广泛应用于氨法选择性还原氮氧化物(NH3-SCR)反应,但该催化剂存在工作温度高(300–400oC)及 SO2氧化率高引起设备腐蚀和管路堵塞等问题,开发低温 SCR催化剂具有重要意义.过渡金属氧化物(如 Fe2O3, MnOx和 CuO等)催化剂用于低温SCR先后见诸文献报道,但这些催化剂在 SO2和 H2O存在下易失活.近年来柱撑黏土(PILC)引起科学家广泛关注, Yang等首次将 V2O5/TiO2-PILC催化剂应用于 NH3-SCR反应,发现其催化活性高于传统 V2O5/TiO2催化剂.柱撑黏土基催化剂在 NH3-SCR反应中也显示出良好抗硫性能,但 V2O5/TiO2-PILC催化剂的抗硫机理至今尚未见深入研究.因此我们制备了一系列 V2O5/TiO2-PILC催化剂,采用原位漫反射红外等方法详细研究了其抗硫性能较好的原因.
　　首先采用离子交换法制备出 TiO2-PILC载体,之后采用浸渍法制备了不同钒含量(质量分数x/%=0,3,4,5)的xV2O5/TiO2-PILC催化剂.同时,制备了传统 V2O5/TiO2和 V2O5-MoO3/TiO2催化剂作为对比.活性评价结果显示,4V/TiO2-PILC催化剂具有最高的催化活性,其催化性能与传统钒钛催化剂相当.在160oC时, NO转化率可达80%以上.同时,4V/TiO2-PILC催化剂还具有较宽的反应温度窗口,在260–500oC范围内, NO转化率保持在90%以上.向反应体系中加入0.05% SO2和10% H2O后,在低温(160oC以下)时所有催化剂的反应活性都有一定提高,可能是由于 SO2的加入提高了催化剂的表面酸性.继续升高温度,4V/TiO2和4V6Mo/TiO2催化剂活性均明显下降,而4V/TiO2-PILC催化剂的活性则未出现明显下降.原位漫反射红外光谱结果显示, SO2在三种催化剂表面的吸附以表面硫酸盐或亚硫酸盐物种以及离子态 SO42–物种形式存在,而在4V/TiO2-PILC催化剂表面离子态 SO42–物种的量最少. X射线光电子能谱及 O2程序升温脱附结果显示,在4V/TiO2-PILC催化剂上,表面吸附氧(Oads)的量最少.综合上述分析可以得出,在 SO2气氛下,离子态 SO42–物种在 SCR催化剂表面的累积可能是导致其失活的主要原因,而离子态 SO42–物种的形成可能与催化剂表面吸附氧的量有关.     

SO4^2—／TiO2—SiO2固体超强酸的结构及其光催化性能

自从 Arata等 [1]首次报道无卤素型 SO2 - 4/Mx Oy 固体超强酸体系以来 ,对该类催化剂的研究引起了人们的广泛重视 .大量研究工作表明 ,固体超强酸催化剂对丁烷异构化、苯衍生物烷基化、链烷烃裂解和乙烯二聚等诸多酸催化的反应表现出极高的反应活性 [2 ] .最近 ,我们把 SO2 - 4/Ti O2 型固体超强酸应用于有机物的光催化氧化反应 ,研究发现 Ti O2 光催化剂经 H2 SO4 浸渍处理形成固体超强酸后 ,催化剂的光催化活性大大提高 ,并具有很好的反应活性、稳定性和抗湿性能 [3] ;此外 ,我们以前的工作表明 Ti O2 中引入 Si O2 后 ,其结构、…     

固体超强酸催化剂SO4^2——MoO3—ZrO2中MoO3的作用与催化性能

根据固体超强酸催化剂ＳＯ４＾２－ＭｏＯ３－ＺｒＯ２的特点,结合活性评价结果,用ＢＥＴ、ＤＴＡ／ＴＧ、ＸＲＤ、ＬＲＳ等方法,对其进行了物性表征,考察了催化剂的结构形态、性质随催化剂组成的变化,以及催化剂的物性结构特点与催化活性的关系。研究结果表明,ＭｏＯ３含量对催化剂活性有着显著影响;催化剂的比表面积随ＭｏＯ３的含量变化存在极大值;ＭｏＯ３具有延迟ＺｒＯ２晶化、稳定ＳＯ４＾２－的作用,并提高了ＳＯ４     

硫化CoMo/Al2O3-TiO2催化剂上CO催化还原SO2的研究

报导了Al2O3、Al2O3-TiO2和TiO2担载的硫化CoMo催化剂上CO催化还原SO2的规律性,结果表明，反应物分别在350 ℃、350～400 ℃间和400 ℃完全转化为CO2和元素S.在含TiO2的催化剂上,CO-SO2反应可同时按COS中间物机理和Redox机理进行,从而使尾气中COS的含量大为降低,提高了生成元素S的选择性.对反应机理进行了讨论.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备复合MxOy-TiO2光催化剂

以无机盐TiCl4为原料制备TiO2溶胶,并利用溶胶胶粒修饰法制备SiO2 TiO2、ZrO2 TiO2、WO3 TiO3、MoO3 TiO2及Pt/TiO2光催化剂,用于光催化氧化甲醛反应,考察添加物对 催化剂光催化性能的影响.其中,SiO2 TiO2催化剂的光催化氧化降解甲醛性能最好,而MoO3 TiO2的催化性能最差.SiO2 TiO2催化剂优良的光催化性能可归于SiO2 TiO2催化剂的高 比表面积,高空隙率,小晶粒粒径和强吸光性能等性质的综合影响.     

Catalysis of SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 nanometer solid superacid

Superacid catalyst SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 was applied in esterification of Acetic Acid and Butanol. The particle size of ZrO2 in the catalyst was about 12.5 nm. In catalyst preparation conditions, the effect factor order on catalytic activity is H2SO4 concentration ＞ calcination temperature ＞ ZrO2 supported content. The optimum preparation condition is as follows: ZrO2 content 3.5g/g; calcination temperature 600℃, and H2SO4 concentration 0.5mol/L. The catalytic activity is 96.5 vol%.SO42-/MxOy solid superacid is a kind of green catalyst, whose application perspective is bright. In this paper, SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 solid superacid was prepared with nanometer compound carrying method. The acidic strength of catalysts was measured with the following Hammett indicators, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (H0=-14.52) and p-nitrochlorobenzene (H0=-12.70). Catalytic activity was evaluated with esterification reaction of Acetic Acid and Butanol. Reaction temperature was at 105℃, and reaction time was only 1h. The conversion rate of Acetic Acid was analyzed by a gas chromatograph (GC-14C SHIMADZU in Japan)The experimental results showed that H2SO4 concentration had more influences on catalytic activity than other two factors, calcination temperature and ZrO2 supported content. Since sulfur absorbed on the surface of metal oxides is necessary to the acidity of SO42-/MxOy solid superacid,H2SO4 concentration in impregnation solution is needed enough high. But, it can't be too much high,otherwise, Zirconium sulfate formed on the catalyst surface will be harmful influences on catalytic activity. In researched cover, 0.5mol/L H2SO4 concentration is the most suitable, and the catalyst prepared with this concentration has very strong acidity.The optimum preparation condition is as follows: ZrO2 content 3.5g/g; calcination temperature 600℃, and H2SO4 concentration 0.5mol/L. In the catalyst prepared with above conditions, the acidic strength (H0) of the catalyst is smaller than ＜-14.52, and catalytic activity is 96.5 vol%. When it was re-used in esterification reaction, catalytic activity decreased gradually with re-used times increasing(seen in Table 1). But after catalyst is used repeatedly up to five times, catalytic activity (84.3 vol %)is still higher than that of H2SO4 catalyst.The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that ZrO2 supported in TiO2 belonged tetragonal zirconia phases. Through the calculation of Scherrer formula, the particle size of ZrO2 in the catalyst is about 12.5 nm. After SO42- promoted nanometer ZrO2/TiO2 compound carrier, the diffraction peaks of tetragonal zircoma become broader and the strength weaker. It shows that adding SO4 ions restrains the crystallization of ZrO2, diminishes the size of particles. This might be why SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 has high catalytic activity and stability in acidic catalysis reaction.     

稀土超强酸SO42-/TiO2-Nd2O3催化合成环己烯

环己烯是重要的一种有机合成中间体,具有活泼的双键,作为有机化工原料,可广泛应用于医药、农药、农用化学品、饲料添加剂、聚酯和其他精细化学品的生产。人们曾对环己醇脱水制环己烯反应使用过多种酸性催化剂及固体催化剂,固体超强酸就是其中之一,虽然已有许多关于固体超强酸应     

负载型TiO2-Al2O3复合载体在超深度加氢脱硫中的应用

运用HRTEM、FT-Raman、TPR等方法表征了Mo活性组分在负载型TiO2-Al2O3复合载体和Al2O3上不同形态和性质。比较了TiO2-Al2O3复合载体同传统Al2O3载体对CoMo催化剂结构的影响，并以4，6-二甲基二苯并噻吩（4,6-DMDBT）为探针考察了催化剂的超深度加氢脱硫（UHDS）性能。结果表明，在负载型TiO2-Al2O3复合载体中， MoO3同载体之间的相互作用较弱，这种弱的相互作用使MoO3更多的以八面体配位Mo物种（MoⅥ）及其二维的聚合物的形式存在。二维聚合物有利于形成具有更高活性的多层MoS2结构，明显提高催化剂的超深度加氢脱硫催化活性。     

Preparation and Catalytic Activity of SO42-/TiO-La2O3 in Synthesis of Butyl Butyrate

Butyl butyrate is a very important compound, which is transparent liquid and has the pear,apple flavor. Natural exist is in the fruit, such as apple, pear, banana, grape and strawberry, etc.Primarily used for to prepare the edible spice and is also widely used in industrial intermediate product, solvent and synthetic perfumery. Until now, there are many methods to synthesize it.Conventionally H2SO4 was reported, but it causes many problems, such as the erosion of equipment,easily causes the vice-reaction, difficulty for after-treatment, environment pollution etc. A new environmentally friendly catalyst, SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 was prepared. And catalytic activity of catalyst in esterification of n-butanoic acid and n-butyl alcohol with SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 as catalyst has been no report up to now. Therefore, studying on the synthetic catalyst has theoretical and practical significances. The catalytic activity of catalyst in esterification of n-butanoic acid and n-butyl alcohol was measured.In this paper, we fast reported the preparation of SO42-/riO2-La2O3 and discussed the factors influencing the synthesis catalyst. The catalyst rare earth solid superacid SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 was The precipitate was filtered and washed thoroughly with distilled water until chloride ions were free.furnace at 480 ℃ for 3 h, and finally stored in a desiccator until use.The factors influencing the synthesis were discussed and the best conditions were found out. The experiment indicated that this catalyst has the following advantage. The amount of catalyst was little and getting high yield, its product has a good quanlity and is favour of reducing erosion of equipment, avoiding environment pollution. The optimum conditions are: molar ratio of n-butanoic acid to n-butyl alcohol was 1:1.5, the quantity of catalyst was equal to 1.5% of feed stocks, the reaction temperature was 93-114 ℃, and the reaction time was 1.0 h. Rare earth solid superacid SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 is an excellent catalyst for synthetizing butyl butyrate and its yield can reach over 90.0%.A good catalyst should be able to be used repeatedly. The reusing of the catalyst was studied. We found that the catalytic activities of our catalyst are almost unchanged after it had been used five times. From the above results and discussion, we can see that the synthesis of n-butyl butyrate by SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 instead of H2SO4 has a great prospect of application. It has a good applied foreground.