C62及其吡啶衍生物结构与电子光谱的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法, 在TZP基组水平下计算C62及其吡啶衍生物几何与电子结构, 在全优化构型基础上, 采用TD-DFT方法对其低激发态进行计算, 预测其电子吸收光谱. 结果表明, 四种异构体的电子光谱中, 特征吸收来自C62内部的跃迁贡献, 也包括取代基到C62的电子转移. 取代基中N原子位置对490 nm左右吸收带的强度有影响, 两种顺式结构表现较为明显, 而两种反式结构衍生物光谱特征基本相同.     

以Fe2O3为原料制备LiFePO4/C复合材料及其性能研究

以Fe2O3为铁源原料, 利用热还原法成功地制备了LiFePO4/C复合材料. 用XRD以及SEM对材料的晶体结构以及表面形貌进行了表征. 通过循环伏安和充放电测试研究了材料的电化学性能. 研究结果表明， 于700 ℃下制备的LiFePO4/C复合材料在0.1C的倍率下可以得到放电容量144.8 mA·h/g, 在循环160次后, 容量仍保持在141.4 mA·h/g. 这种以廉价的Fe2O3代替目前常用的二价铁盐原料方法, 具有减少LiFePO4合成成本的优点.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2的合成、表征及电化学性能

以过渡金属乙酸盐和氢氧化锂为原料, 应用共沉淀或流变相预处理高温烧结法优化并制备出LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2正极材料. X射线衍射技术(XRD)及Rietveld结构精修、扫描电子显微技术(SEM)、综合热分析(TG-DSC)表征结果和电化学测试结果表明, 该材料具有单一层状结构, 颗粒大小均匀, 热稳定性好, 首次放电比容量高达208.7 mA·h/g(2.0-4.6V, 0.1 C), 电化学性能优异. 非原位(ex situ)XRD测定结果表明, 材料充至高电位下发生的不可逆相变造成了材料的循环容量衰减.     

具有D_(6h)对称性的C_(36)碱土金属衍生物电子结构的密度泛函研究

运用密度泛函方法,在Ｂ３ＬＹＰ／６－３１Ｇ水平上对Ｂｅ＠ Ｃ３６、Ｍｇ＠ Ｃ３６、Ｃａ＠ Ｃ３６分子进行构型全优化,分析了不同碱土内嵌原子对其几何结构、电子结构、稳定性等性质的影响,进而讨论碱土金属原子的嵌入对Ｃ３６笼的稳定性的影响,并得到其稳定性规律。     

Y2O3和Nd2O3介孔薄膜的制备与表征

以聚乙烯合丁烯-嵌-聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物(PHB-PEO)作模板, 采用蒸发诱导自组装方法, 分别制备了Y2O3和Nd2O3介孔薄膜. 用小角、广角X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜对薄膜样品在不同的热处理阶段进行了表征. 结果表明, 所制备的Y2O3和Nd2O3薄膜样品呈现一种大孔径(平均孔径分别约为11.5和12.5 nm)、有序的立方扭曲球形孔排列、稳定于450 ℃并具有部分晶态孔壁结构的介孔薄膜材料.     

C36X(X=O,NH,S)各种可能异构体的芳香性研究

采用拓扑共振能方法对富勒烯C36X(X=O,NH,S)开环结构中的所有可能的异构体及阳离子和阴离子芳香性进行了理论研究. 计算结果表明,C36X的芳香性高于C36. C36X的阳离子因其共振能为负值而具有反芳香性. 反之,C36X的阴离子因共振能为正值而具有芳香性和较高的稳定性. C36的D6h和D2d异构体中杂原子X插入在5-5键时得到的化合物最稳定. 从理论上预测了C36X的负离子能形成稳定的金属富勒烯. 对C36X的阳离子和阴离子的芳香性进行了解释.     

复合物LiFePO4/CaB6的结构与性能研究

采用固相法合成了纯的LiFePO4, 并通过两种不同的方法合成了不同CaB6含量的复合物LiFePO4/CaB6. 对这些产物进行了粒度、形貌、电导率、振实密度、X射线衍射和充放电性能的研究. 实验结果表明, CaB6的掺入虽然没有明显地提高产物的比容量, 但却显著地增加了产物的振实密度和电导率. 第二种方法合成的产物性能更好, 其电导率提高了5个数量级, 振实密度提高了65%.     

EuB6的能带结构与成键及其光学常数的计算

采用密度泛函方法研究了EuB6的电子结构, 得到高精度能带结构和态密度分布信息; 分析成键情况, 从原子间轨道相互作用的角度说明EuB6能带结构的特征及其半金属性质. 计算出EuB6的介电函数、反射率、光电导率和能量损失函数谱等, 与实验结果一致, 表明了能带计算获得的电子结构信息的可靠性.     

CH2SH与NO2双自由基反应机理的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-311＋＋G(2df,p)水平上优化了标题反应驻点物种的几何构型, 并在相同水平上通过频率计算和内禀反应坐标(IRC)分析对过渡态结构及连接性进行了验证. 采用双水平计算方法HL//B3LYP/6-311＋＋G(2df,p)对所有驻点及部分选择点进行了单点能校正, 构建了CH2SH＋NO2反应体系的单重态反应势能剖面. 研究结果表明, CH2SH与NO2反应体系存在4条主要反应通道, 两个自由基中的C与N首先进行单重态耦合, 形成稳定的中间体HSCH2NO2 (a). 中间体a经过C—N键断裂和H(1)—O(2)形成过程生成主要产物P1 (CH2S＋trans-HONO), 此过程需克服124.1 kJ•mol－1的能垒. 中间体a也可以经过C—N键断裂及C—O键形成转化为中间体HSCH2ONO (b), 此过程的能垒高达238.34 kJ•mol－1. b再经过一系列的重排异构转化得到产物P2 (CH2S＋cis-HONO), P3 (CH2S＋HNO2)和P4 (SCH2OH＋NO). 所有通道均为放热反应, 反应能分别为－150.37, －148.53, －114.42和－131.56 kJ•mol－1. 标题反应主通道R→a→TSa/P1→P1的表观活化能为－91.82 kJ•mol－1, 此通道在200～3000 K温度区间内表观反应速率常数三参数表达式为kCVT/SCT＝8.3×10－40T4.4 exp(12789.3/T) cm3•molecule－1•s－1.     

富勒烯衍生物(C36OH)+异构体间的相互转化机理──羟基(OH)的分子内迁移

用从头算HF/STO-3G方法对(C36OH)+的3种异构体之间的重排机理进行了理论研究.计算结果表明,异构体2的热力学稳定性最强;从动力学角度考虑,由异构体1和3转化为2比反方向转化容易得多.结合电荷在碳笼表面的分布,预计动力学上最终在C7和C26位置上发生羟基加成的几率最大,该结论与热力学上预计的跨赤道六元环内羟基1,4-加成所得到的C36(OH)2异构体最稳定的结果一致.     

Nb@C_(36)结构和性能的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函方法,采用GGA/PW91方法对具有D6h对称性的C36及其衍生物Nb@C36进行结构优化和性能计算,探讨Nb@C36稳定构型;存在的可能性及稳定性;以及Nb掺杂对C36结构及性能的影响.结果表明,Nb位于C36主轴上偏离中心0.1 nm时,Nb@C36能量最低,结构最稳定;Nb掺杂引起笼的局部畸变,但Nb@C36仍保持完整笼型结构.Nb@C36稳定性较C36有所提高,具有存在的可能性.Nb原子嵌入C36使其禁带宽度略有减小,导电性及化学反应活性有所提高;费米能级下降,但仍处于禁带之间,二者均属半导体性质的材料.C36结构及性能的变化与Nb所处的位置及Nb与C36笼之间的电子迁移有关.     

富勒烯C_(36)等电子体C_(34)BN异构体的结构及其相对稳定性理论研究

用半经验的AM1和MNDO方法优化了富勒烯C_(36)的等电子体C_(34)BN所有可能 异构体的构型,分析了各异构体相对稳定性与杂原子取代位置间的关系。另外,比 较了C_(36)碳笼上同位置地取代杂原子形成的C_34BN,C_(34)B_2和C_(34)N_2间的 电子结构,并分析了C_(34)BN最稳定异构体的振动模型。结果表明以C_(36):A (D_(6h))为母体形成的最稳定C_(34)BN异构体对应于碳笼赤道位置六元环中1,4- 取代产物,而以C_(36):B(D_(2d))为母体形成的最稳定C_(34)BN异构体对应于碳笼 近赤道位置的1,2-取代产物.C_(34)BN各异构体的稳定性可能主要由体系的共轭性 质决定。前线轨道能级表明B,N原子取代所得异构体的氧化-还原活性按以下顺序 递增：C_(34)B_2相似文献   

Addition Reactivity of C_（36） Cage Controlled by the Curvature and the Electronic Factors：A DFT Study

The molecular geometries and electronic structures of the fullerene derivatives C36(OH)n(n = 1～2) have been investigated on the basis of density functional theory calculation at the B3LYP/6-31++G* level.The geometry optimization results indicate that the location of C2 atom is the most active site in the three potential adding patterns,and the C1 or C2 site has a larger binding energy than C3 for the addition reactions of C36(D6h) cage and OH radicals resulting from the larger curvature.The electronic structure calculation results disclose that the C2 site has larger electronic population in HOMO and larger spin density,and the addition reaction on the C2 site need overcome a lesser energy gap than that on the C1 or C3 site.Thus,the addition is controlled jointly by the curvature and the electronic factors.Besides,when two hydroxyls are added to the C36 surface,the C2 sites are also the most active locations.The most stable addition adduct of C36(OH)2 is the isomer which holds Ci symmetry,and the spin multiplicity seriously affects the stabilities of the adducts.     

Theoretical investigation of the formation mechanism of metallofullerene Y@C82

The formation mechanism of metallofullerene Y@C82 was investigated by ab initio calculations with two theoretical models. The first model is a traditional Y@C80 + C2 "fullerene-road" growing mechanism, in which the Y@C82 is assumed to form by combining Y@C80 and C2 fragments, and the second model involves formation by an unclosed C76 and a C6Y fragment. The calculated results showed that the second mechanism is much more energetically favorable.     

异构体C36O的结构及其相对稳定性的理论研究

用abinitio方法和HF/STO-3G基组对Fullerenes的环氧衍生物C₃₆O所有可能的异构体进行非对称性限制下的结构优化,结合HF/6-31G水平上的单点能计算,确定其相对稳定性,得到等能量异构体的结构.张力分析的结果表明,C-O-C形成的三元环氧桥显著地削弱作用点附近C原子上所释放的张力,决定环氧位置选择性的关键因素不是碳笼上C原子的张力.对等能量异构体的红外光谱进行了理论预测.     

具有D~6~h对称性的C~3~6及其衍生物电子结构的密度泛函研究

运用密度泛函方法,比较不同水平的基组(HF/6-311+G^*;B3LYP/6-31G^*;B3LYP/6-311+G^*)对具有D~6~h对称性的C~3~6分子进行构型优化的结果,并分析其几何结构、电子结构、稳定性等性质;采用基组B3LYP/6-31G^*对H@C~3~6,Li@C~3~6,Na@C~3~6,K@C~3~6分子进行构型全优化,分析了不同内嵌原子对其几何结构、电子结构、稳定性等性质的影响;首次在B3LYP/6-311+G^*水平上,对C~3~6H~6,C~3~6H~1~2,X@C~3~6(X=H,Li,Na,K)几何构型及电子结构进行研究并得到其稳定性规律。     

Structure, stability, and cluster-cage interactions in nitride clusterfullerenes M3N@C2n (M = Sc, Y; 2n = 68-98): a density functional theory study

Extensive semiempirical calculations of the hexaanions of IPR (isolated pentagon rule) and non-IPR isomers of C(68)-C(88) and IPR isomers of C(90)-C(98) followed by DFT calculations of the lowest energy structures were performed to find the carbon cages that can provide the most stable isomers of M(3)N@C(2n) clusterfullerenes (M = Sc, Y) with Y as a model for rare earth ions. DFT calculations of isomers of M(3)N@C(2n) (M = Sc, Y; 2n = 68-98) based on the most stable C(2n)(6-) cages were also performed. The lowest energy isomers found by this methodology for Sc(3)N@C(68), Sc(3)N@C(78), Sc(3)N@C(80), Y(3)N@C(78), Y(3)N@C(80), Y(3)N@C(84), Y(3)N@C(86), and Y(3)N@C(88) are those that have been shown to exist by single-crystal X-ray studies as Sc(3)N@C(2n) (2n = 68, 78, 80), Dy(3)N@C(80), and Tb(3)N@C(2n) (2n = 80, 84, 86, 88) clusterfullerenes. Reassignment of the carbon cage of Sc(2)@C(76) to the non-IPR Cs: 17490 isomer is also proposed. The stability of nitride clusterfullerenes was found to correlate well with the stability of the empty 6-fold charged cages. However, the dimensions of the cage in terms of its ability to encapsulate M(3)N clusters were also found to be an important factor, especially for the medium size cages and the large Y(3)N cluster. In some cases the most stable structures are based on the different cage isomers for Sc(3)N and Y(3)N clusters. Up to the cage size of C(84), non-IPR isomers of C(2n)(6-) and M(3)N@C(2n) were found to compete with or to be even more stable than IPR isomers. However, the number of adjacent pentagon pairs in the most stable non-IPR isomers decreases as cage size increases: the most stable M(3)N@C(2n) isomers have three such pairs for 2n = 68-72, two pairs for n = 74-80, and only one pair for n = 82, 84. For C(86) and C(88) the lowest energy IPR isomers are much more stable than any non-IPR isomer. The trends in the stability of the fullerene isomers and the cluster-cage binding energies are discussed, and general rules for stability of clusterfullerenes are established. Finally, the high yield of M(3)N@C(80) (Ih) clusterfullerenes for any metal is explained by the exceptional stability of the C(80)(6-) (Ih: 31924) cage, rationalized by the optimum distribution of the pentagons leading to the minimization of the steric strain, and structural similarities of C(80) (Ih: 31924) with the lowest energy non-IPR isomers of C(760(6-), C(78)(6-), C(82)(6-), and C(84)(6-) pointed out.     

Ym@C2n的合成和表征

用Ｙ２Ｏ３，碳粉复合棒为原料，经过二步直流电弧反应，从所得的烟炱中在惰气保护下用ＣＳ２萃取出Ｙ＠Ｃ２ｎ（２ｎ＝６０，７０，８０，８４，９０，９６）和Ｙ２＠Ｃ７６，样品经场解吸质谱（ＦＤＭＳ）和电子顺磁共振（ＥＰＲ）表征，皆发现，Ｙ＠Ｃ８４和Ｙ＠Ｃ９０的含量最高且最稳定。