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直接甲酸燃料电池Pd阳极催化剂及其电催化稳定性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
直接甲酸燃料电池(DFAFC)中Pd阳极催化剂对甲酸氧化具有很好的电催化活性, 但电催化稳定性较差, 因此, 对Pd催化剂电催化活性和稳定性的影响原因和机理的研究已经成为DFAFC阳极催化剂的研究重点, 本文综述了DFAFC中Pd催化剂和Pd基复合催化剂的研究和发展概况. 主要介绍了Pd催化剂的优缺点、稳定性及提高稳定性的方法和机理等, 为Pd催化剂和Pd基复合催化剂的实际应用奠定基础. 相似文献
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直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)由于其结构简单、能量密度高、易携带、无污染等优点,成为燃料电池未来发展的方向。阳极和阴极催化剂的活性和稳定性是决定DMFC性能、寿命和成本的关键。然而,商业催化剂铂(Pt)的低储量和高成本限制了DMFC的广泛应用,同时,非铂类催化剂的活性和稳定性还需要进一步提高,以达到商业化应用的要求。本文综述了近年来国内外DMFC阳极和阴极催化剂的最新研究进展。首先,对于阳极甲醇氧化催化剂,分别对Pt基催化剂的改性和非Pt类催化剂的研究进展进行了详细介绍;其次,概述了Pt基阴极氧还原催化剂的改性和非Pt阴极催化剂的发展现状;此外,对于催化剂与载体的强相互作用产生的协同效应进行了总结论述;最后,对直接甲醇燃料电池阳极和阴极催化剂的发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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用微波技术制备NiW/TiO2-Al2O3加氢脱硫催化剂 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用微波技术制备了NiW/TiO2-Al2O3加氢脱硫催化剂,并用NH3-TPD,Py-FT-IR,TPR和TPS(程序升温硫化)对催化剂进行了表征; 以噻吩为模型化合物,在中压固定床微反装置上考察了催化剂的加氢脱硫性能. 结果表明,在w(TiO2)=15%的催化剂样品中,微波处理的催化剂的活性比常规催化剂高. 微波处理改变了载体和催化剂表面的酸性质,催化剂样品表面的强酸酸量减少,弱酸和中强酸酸量增加. 微波处理的催化剂的还原性能和硫化性能均好于常规法制备的催化剂. 这可能是微波技术制备的催化剂具有较高加氢脱硫活性的原因. 相似文献
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氧电极催化剂及缓慢的阴极氧还原动力学是制约低温燃料电池商业化的关键瓶颈因素之一。为此,国内外研究者近年来从提高低温燃料电池氧电极催化剂的催化活性和稳定性、降低催化剂的成本、发展非贵金属氧还原催化剂等方面开展了大量的研究工作,有力地促进了低温燃料电池的发展进程。本文在简要介绍低温燃料电池氧电极反应机理的基础上,从催化剂载体、贵金属及其合金催化剂、金属大环化合物及M-N/C类催化剂和过渡金属硫族化合物类催化剂等方面详细综述了低温燃料电池氧电极催化剂近年来的主要研究进展,并指出了各类催化剂目前尚待解决的问题和发展方向。 相似文献
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本文研究了负载铂镝催化剂吸附态和各制备阶段的磁性。首次校正了低温下载体氧化铝中微量铁磁性杂质的影响。催化剂在各制备阶段的磁性有如下规律:X_(焙烧前)相似文献
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聚合物固载Co-Pd 催化剂的结构与活性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用溶剂化金属原子浸渍(SMAI)法制备了几种不同金属含量的Co Pd催化剂,用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和磁测定对催化剂进行表征,并与普通浸渍法(CI)制得的相同金属含量的催化剂进行比较.结果表明SMAI法制备的催化剂金属粒度小于CI法制备的催化剂,且前者零价金属含量高于后者.SMAI法制备的催化剂Co在表面上富集,而CI法制备的催化剂Co在表面和体相的金属含量基本相同.在二丙酮醇加氢及电催化反应中, SMAI法催化剂比相同组成的CI法催化剂具有更高的催化活性. 相似文献
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近年来,单原子催化剂因其较高的催化活性和选择性等优点而受到了人们的广泛关注.我们综述了以C, Si, Ti, Al为基底的单原子催化剂的制备方法,并对以不同材料基底制备单原子催化剂的制备方法、形成机理及优势特点进行了比较.通过对单原子制备、表征方法及催化活性的概述,以期对制备单原子催化剂提供一定的借鉴和指导.研究表明,单原子催化剂的制备已从贵金属单原子催化剂向过渡金属单原子催化剂进行了转变.单原子催化剂的基底也不再仅仅局限于单一的形式.这些转变为单原子催化剂向传统催化领域迈进提供了可能.我们同时也对单原子催化剂在工业上的应用进行了介绍. 相似文献
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Immobilized catalysts have been reinvestigated from two aspects; as keys to environmentally benign chemical processes and high-throughput organic synthesis for combinatorial chemistry. While most known polymer-supported catalysts are less active than the corresponding original catalysts, new types of polymer-supported catalysts, microencapsulated catalysts, have been developed. The catalysts were immobilized on to polymers using physical envelopment by polymer backbones and interaction between pi electrons of benzene rings of the polystyrenes used as polymer backbones and vacant orbitals of the catalysts. Microencapsulated Sc, Os, Pd and Ru catalysts have been successfully prepared and high activities have been attained. In all cases, no leaching of the catalysts occurred, and the immobilized catalysts were recovered quantitatively by simple filtration and reused without loss of activity. It is noted that this method enables direct immobilization of metals onto polymers, and that normally unstable species such as Pd(0)(PPh3) can be kept stable by this immobilization technique. It is expected that other metal catalysts can be immobilized using this microencapsulation technique. 相似文献
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浸渍型甲醇裂解Cu/Cr基催化剂 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
汽车尾气占整个大气污染的 42 % [1] .开发洁净的燃料已成为研究热点 .H2 是最干净的燃料 ,但运输和储存困难 .甲醇被认为是一种很有前途的高能燃料 ,因此出于节能和环保双重原因 ,甲醇裂解制 H2 用于汽车燃料电池或裂解成 H2 和 CO混合气直接用作内燃机燃料的研究和应用已引起广泛关注[2 ] .目前研究较多的是沉淀型 Cu/Zn基催化剂 ,但由于分散度不高、Cu晶易长大 ,因而活性和稳定性不好[3] .本文报道用共浸的方法制备Cu/Cr基催化剂 ,研究了它们的催化性能 ,并对催化剂的失活原因进行了初步探讨 .催化剂制备 :将 Cu( NO3) 2 · 3H2 O(… 相似文献
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Vera P. Shmachkova Nina S. Kotsarenko Vladislav V. Kanazhevskiy Galina N. Kryukova Dimitri I. Kochubey Jacques Vedrine 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》2007,91(1):177-185
Methods of the preparation of catalysts for alkane skeletal isomerization based on uniform nanoparticles of sulfated zirconia
anchored to different supports were investigated. These catalysts were characterized by using the ICP, HRTEM and BET techniques.
The activities of the catalysts in the reaction of n-butane isomerization were measured and compared with those of bulk catalysts. 相似文献
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N. Lingaiah N. Seshu Babu Rajesh Gopinath P. Siva Sankara Reddy P. S. Sai Prasad 《Catalysis Surveys from Asia》2006,10(1):29-39
The use of supported Pd catalysts, with low and high metal content, for the hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzene is presented in this article. Application of microwave irradiation during preparation of catalysts resulted in the synthesis of large Pd particles at moderate temperatures. The nature of the support played a key role in the formation of cationic Pd species. The extent of interaction of the Pd species with the support, the nature of metal precursor, particularly the residual chlorine on the surface were found to significantly affect the activity of the catalysts. In the case of bimetallic catalysts also microwave heating resulted in creation of bigger particles of Pd compared to those observed in conventionally heated catalysts. Besides, it minimized alloy formation as a result of which the activity of the catalysts in hydrodechlorination was found to be higher compared to that observed on conventionally prepared catalysts. Contrary to the general observation that low dispersed Pd catalysts are preferable for high stability, by means of the deposition-precipitation method adopted for catalyst preparation it was demonstrated that even highly dispersed (low Pd containing) catalysts can exhibit comparable activity and stability. An analysis of the nature of Pd species and its role in the stability of the catalysts is presented.IICT communication No. 051224 相似文献
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1-辛烯在Co/CNTs催化剂上的氢甲酰化研究: 钌的促进作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用等体积浸渍法制备了碳纳米管负载的钴及钴-钌双金属催化剂,并以1-辛烯的氢甲酰化反应为探针,研究了所制催化剂的催化性能;用TEM、XRD、TPR、TG技术对催化剂的形貌、物相结构、还原行为和热稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,金属钌能够促进金属钴在碳纳米管上的均匀担载,并有助于金属钴的还原,降低了催化剂的还原温度。1-辛烯的氢甲酰化反应结果表明,少量钌的加入,可明显提高反应的转化率和C9-醛的选择性;在双金属催化剂中,金属催化剂的粒径更小,分布更均匀,钌的加入对钴金属催化剂有促进作用。 相似文献