顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定饮用水中氯酚

提出了应用气相色谱法与顶空固相微萃取样品预处理技术相结合的方法测定饮用水中2,4,6-三氯酚(TCP)和五氯酚(PCP)。选用20mL顶空瓶,其中预置0.1mol·L~(-1)盐酸溶液0.5mL及氯化钠4.0g,加入水样10.0mL,立即封盖。插入85μm聚丙烯酸酯萃取头,在500r·min~(-1)转速振荡条件下于60℃萃取40 min,随之进入色谱仪解吸并测定。测定中采用HP-5毛细管柱和程序升温(40℃～280℃)条件,并用载气流量为3mL·min~(-1)。测得2,4,6-TCP及PCP的线性范围依次为55μg·L~(-1)和12μg·L~(-1)以内,其检出限(3S/N)依次为0.15μg·L~(-1)和0.13μg·L~(-1),加入3个浓度水平的标准溶液对方法的回收率及精密度作了试验,测得回收率在90.0%～112.8%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.0%～4.9%之间。     

顶空气相色谱法测定羧甲基壳聚糖中氯乙酸残留量

采用顶空气相色谱法间接测定了羧甲基壳聚糖中氯乙酸的残留量。样品(0.2g)于顶空瓶中超声溶解在水3mL中,加入甲醇2.5mL,硫酸1.5mL,在70℃水浴反应40min使之酯化。按顶空条件进样,用HP-INNOWAX毛细管色谱柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器测定。分别选择15min和85℃作为样品在顶空瓶中的平衡时间和平衡温度。氯乙酸的质量在0.2～20mg范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为5.6mg·L-1。方法用于实样中氯乙酸的测定,用标准加入法做回收试验,测得回收率在90.0%～92.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.7%～0.9%之间。     

顶空气相色谱法测定杏脯中二氧化硫

建立顶空气相色谱测定杏脯中二氧化硫残留的方法,探讨了气液体积比、加酸量、平衡温度和平衡时间对检测结果的影响。向450 mL顶空瓶内加入5 g样品、10 g石蜡、200 mL水及25 mL盐酸溶液,于75℃平衡20 min后放至室温,抽取0.5 mL顶空气体进行定性定量分析检测。该方法标准工作曲线线性相关系数r~2为0.992,检出限和定量限分别为0.1,1.0 mg/kg,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.9%~3.2%(n=6),样品加标回收率为89.4%~94.3%。该法操作简便、快捷,灵敏度高,人为误差小,满足杏脯中二氧化硫残留的批量检测要求。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定止血微球中环氧氯丙烷残留量北大核心CSCD

将0.15 g止血微球粉末样品和5.00 mL水置于20 mL顶空瓶中,立即密封顶空瓶,在顶空平衡温度为80℃,平衡时间为30 min的条件下进行顶空采样.以DB-5毛细管柱为固定相,采用电子俘获检测器(ECD),用气相色谱法测定其中环氧氯丙烷残留量.结果表明,环氧氯丙烷的质量浓度在0.02~2.0 mg·L^(-1)内与其峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为0.005 mg·L^(-1).按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为95.3%~101%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于7.0%.     

顶空气相色谱法测定盐酸托莫西汀中有机溶剂残留量的研究

建立了盐酸托莫西汀中有机溶剂残留量的顶空气相色谱分析方法.选用大口径HP-快速GC残留溶剂柱为分离柱,FID为检测器,外标法进行定量,并对顶空平衡温度、平衡时间、供试品溶液的制备方法对残留有机溶剂测定的影响进行了研究.甲醇、乙醚、正己烷、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃的线性范围分别为 0.41～8.10 μg/mL(r=0.9999)、0.15～3.00 μg/mL(r=0.9995)、0.20～4.01 μg/mL(r=0.9991)、0.32～6.35 μg/mL(r=0.9999)、0.36～7.11 μg/mL(r=0.9999);平均回收率范围96.30%～105.47%,精密度RSD(n=6)2.1%～3.7%;检出限分别为0.2、0.008、0.003、0.04、0.04 μg/mL.     

顶空-毛细管气相色谱法测定印刷品中15种痕量挥发性有机物

采用顶空-气相色谱法对印刷品中的挥发性有机物(苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、乙醇等15种)进行分析,研究了不同升温程序、顶空平衡温度、平衡时间等对分析结果的影响,优化的实验参数为:进样口温度:200℃;检测器温度:250℃。升温程序:初始温度40℃,保持5 min;以20℃/min速率升温至200℃,保持3 min。以高纯氮气作为载气,流速为8.0 mL/min保持5 min,再以0.2 mL/min的速率降至5.0 mL/min(分流比5:1);顶空条件:进样瓶平衡温度为90℃,平衡时间30 min,顶空进样体积1.0 mL。本方法线性关系良好,15种挥发性有机物的相关系数均大于0.9998,高、中、低3个浓度的回收率为77.8%~100.6%;相对标准偏差均低于6.0%(n=6)。方法可用于印刷品中挥发性有机物的分析。     

顶空气相色谱法测定骨水泥中甲基丙烯酸甲酯释放量

提出了以乙酸乙酯为内标测定骨水泥中甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的释放量的顶空气相色谱法.对平衡温度、平衡时间进行了试验并对顶空条件予以优化.在0.3～15.0 mg·L-1的质量浓度范围内绘制标准曲线,同时加入1.05 mg·L-1内标溶液以提高测定的准确性.结果表明:在考察的浓度范围内线性关系良好,检出限(3S/N)为94.5 μg·L-1.样品中加入1.05 mg·L-1甲基丙烯酸甲酯标准溶液进行回收试验,平行测定5次,所得回收率为97.6%～101.8%,相对标准偏差小于2%.在模拟手术条件下,骨水泥中的甲基丙烯酸甲酯在20 min以后释放总量达到平衡.     

顶空-气相色谱法同时测定聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯瓶中乙醛和丙酸乙烯酯迁移量

建立了顶空-气相色谱法同时测定聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)瓶中乙醛和丙酸乙烯酯迁移量的方法。将食品模拟液水、4%(体积分数,下同)乙酸溶液或橄榄油灌入PET瓶中,在迁移温度为40,60℃下迁移1,10,20,30d。取10mL模拟液于22mL顶空进样瓶中,设置顶空平衡温度为80℃,顶空平衡时间为60min。气化后的样品用SH-RT-Q-BOND毛细管色谱柱在程序升温条件下分离,用氢火焰离子化检测器测定。用3种食品模拟液配制混合标准溶液系列,结果显示:乙醛和丙酸乙烯酯的质量浓度均在0.5～10.0mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.016～0.050mg·L~(-1)和0.002～0.050mg·L~(-1);对实际样品进行3个浓度水平的加标回收试验,乙醛和丙酸乙烯酯回收率分别为96.0%～106%和94.0%～107%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)分别为1.4%～5.3%和1.9%～5.2%。按此方法分析实际样品,未检出丙酸乙烯酯,乙醛在水中的迁移量大于在4%乙酸溶液和橄榄油中的,且60℃的迁移量大于40℃的,最高迁移量为4.4mg·L~(-1),低于国家标准GB 9685-2016规定的限量(6.0mg·kg~(-1))。     

稀硫酸吸收-顶空气相色谱法测定环境空气中吡啶

建立了稀硫酸吸收、顶空进样、气相色谱法测定环境空气中吡啶的方法。利用稀硫酸作为吸收液吸收环境空气中的吡啶，将吸收液转移至顶空瓶中，用氢氧化钠溶液调节吸收液的酸碱度，并加入氯化钠减少吡啶的溶解度，加热平衡后取上部空间气体注入气相色谱仪进样口分析，制作标准工作曲线，可以准确测定环境空气中吡啶的含量。最优实验条件：使用多孔玻板吸收管采集样品；采样流量为0.5 L/min；样品测定时pH需大于12；顶空加热温度为80℃，平衡时间为30 min，阀温度和传输线温度为120℃。吡啶在0.20～10.0μg/mL质量浓度范围内线性良好，检出限为0.02 mg/m³，测定值的相对标准偏差为2.6%～8.7%(n=6)，标准回收率为88.0%～105.3%。环境空气样品应在采集后立即测定，若延迟测定，应于0～4℃存放，可保存7 d。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定水中三氯甲烷和四氯化碳方法的改进

改进了顶空-气相色谱法测定水中三氯甲烷和四氯化碳的方法,对平衡温度和平衡时间进行了优化,对不同溶剂配制的标准使用液和不同方法制作的工作曲线对测定结果的影响进行了比较.试验结果表明,样品最佳平衡温度和时间分别为50℃和35 min.采用甲醇代替标准中规定的纯水配制标准使用液,采用微量进样针取样到预先密封的顶空瓶中,三氯甲...     

Formation of gas-phase clusters monitored during electrospray mass spectrometry: a study of quaternary ammonium pesticides

Gas-phase cluster formation between the quaternary ammonium pesticides paraquat, diquat, difenzoquat, chlormequat and mepiquat, and chloride and acetate anions present in a liquid chromatography (LC) mobile phase, has been studied using electrospray mass spectrometry. The clusters of paraquat, mepiquat and chlormequat were revealed over the entire m/z range of the mass spectrometer, and their formation is dependent on the concentrations of both the cationic and the anionic species. Mepiquat and chlormequat form clusters of the type [2M(q)(+) + A(-)](+), where M(q)(+) is the quaternary ammonium cation and A(-) is the anion. Paraquat forms a cluster species with ammonia and also an ion-pair complex with chloride anions. Diquat and difenzoquat did not form observable ion-pair complexes or clusters with any of the anions studied. Competitive binding of acetate and chloride anions reflects the higher charge density of chloride, which forms the dominant clusters with mepiquat and chlormequat. The formation of cluster species has implications for the quantification of quaternary ammonium pesticides and may have an influence on the linearity of calibrations.     

Volatile out gassing characteristics of highly filled ethylene vinyl acetate binder materials: Gas phase infra-red spectroscopy

Gas phase Infra-red (IR) spectroscopy has been used to investigate volatile out gassing properties of highly filled poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) materials. A Scout-EN? heated gas cell was interfaced to a vacuum FTIR spectrometer, and the quantification of evolved species was achieved through calibration of the gas cell with certified gas standards. The volatile out gassing properties were monitored as a function of time under vacuum conditions (<1 mbar). Acetic acid, carbon dioxide and water were identified as the major out gassing products through IR absorption peaks at 1797, 2354 and 3853 cm^?1, respectively. A comparison of three highly filled poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) resins is reported. In each case, low molecular weight silicone impurities linked to processing operations were identified in the headspace. Successive out gassing runs (pump downs) showed a diminishing equilibrium release level, suggesting a reduction in initial concentration of volatiles within the material. Two different initial phases of species may exist in highly filled materials; ‘weakly-bound’ and relatively ‘tightly bound’ phases of volatile species. The gas phase IR test methodology reported here is a useful analytical tool for investigating out gassing characteristics at the individual and multi-material levels, providing parameter estimates and material sensitivity data for system level ageing models in support of core programmes in materials qualification and life assessment.     

Efficient preparation of incensole and incensole acetate, and quantification of these bioactive diterpenes in Boswellia papyrifera by a RP-DAD-HPLC method

Incensole and incensole acetate, found in incense, are encouraging potent bioactive diterpenic cembrenoids, inhibiting Nuclear Factor-kappaB activation. Furthermore, incensole acetate elicits psycho-activity in mice by activating the TRPV3 channels in the brain. Starting from crude extracts of the incense species Boswellia papyrifera Hochst., a convenient procedure for the efficient large-scale synthesis of incensole and its acetate is presented. Additionally, a reversed-phase, diode-array-detection, high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-DAD-HPLC) method for the quantification of incensole and incensole acetate is reported, indicating that these two compounds are typical biomarkers for B. papyrifera.     

高效液相色谱法检测水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物残留量

建立了水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物残留量测定的样品处理方法和高效液相色谱分析方法.样品经酸解、2.氯苯甲醛衍生后用乙酸乙酯萃取、SPE柱净化,经高效液相-紫外检测器测定.本方法4种硝基呋喃类代谢物的定量限均为1.0μg/kg,在5.0～500μg/L质量浓度范围内,4种硝基呋喃类代谢物的工作曲线均呈良好线性,在2个添加浓度水平的平均回收率为76%～102%,相对标准偏差均小于10%(n=6).该方法适用于定性定量水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物的残留分析.     

Comparison of Reagents for Lipid and Phospholipid Detection and Densitometric Quantitation on Silica Gel and C18 Reversed Phase Thin Layers

Abstract

A variety of chromogenic and fluorogenic detection reagents were evaluated for detection and densitometric quantification of lipids and phospholipids on silica gel and chemically bonded octadecylsilane reversed phase thin layer plates. Phosphosphomolybdic acid (PMA) was found to be the most generally favorable reagent, followed by cupric acetate and ethanolic sulfuric acid. The quantification of lipids in blood serum by chemically bonded RP-TLC was demonstrated using PMA with direct sample application to preadsorbent plates.     

Adduct supported analysis of γ-hydroxybutyrate in human serum with LC-MS/MS

To avoid the detection of small fragmentation products of γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry GHB quantification method in human serum supported by adduct formation was developed and validated. The continuous infusion of GHB/GHB-D6 made the identification of two adducts possible and GHB/GHB-D6 sodium acetate adduct fragmentation was used as target mass transition. A Luna 5 μm C18 (2) 100 A, 150 mm?×?2 mm analytical column and elution with a programmed flow of the mobile phase consisting of 10 % A (H₂O/methanol = 95/5, v/v) and 90 % B (H₂O/methanol = 3/97, v/v), both with 10 mM ammonium acetate and 0.1 % acetic acid (pH?=?3.2), were used. Protein precipitation with 1 mL of the mobile phase B was used as the sample preparation. The calculated limit of detection/quantification was 1 μg/mL. The presented study shows that the fragmentation of GHB sodium acetate adducts is an effective way of quantification of this small molecule and is an interesting alternative to other methods based on the detection of ions smaller than 85 Da. This fact together with the short analysis time of 3 min and the fast sample preparation make this method very attractive for forensic/clinical application.     

顶空气相色谱法同时测定人工牛黄中7种残留溶剂

建立了同时测定人工牛黄中石油醚（60~90 ℃）、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、甲醇、二氯甲烷、乙醇、乙酸丁酯7种残留溶剂的顶空气相色谱分析方法。以Agilent DB-WAX毛细管色谱柱为分离柱,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,内标法定量,并考察了顶空平衡温度、加压时间、平衡时间等对残留溶剂测定的影响。在优化的条件下,7种残留溶剂在选择的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r）均不小于0.9993;在高、中、低3个加标水平下,平均回收率为94.7%~105.2%,相对标准偏差（RSD）均不大于3.5%。方法的检出限（LOD）为0.43~5.23 mg/L,定量限（LOQ）为1.25~16.67 mg/L。该方法操作简单、准确灵敏、高效快捷,适用于人工牛黄中7种残留溶剂的同时检测。     

LC–MS–MS Determination of Rotenone, Deguelin, and Rotenolone in Human Serum

For the first time we report a rapid and sensitive LC–MS–MS method for quantification of rotenone, deguelin, and rotenolone in human serum. The analytical procedure involves extraction with ethyl acetate without further clean-up. The active ingredients were separated on a C₈ reversed-phase column by isocratic elution. Eleven simultaneous transitions of precursor ions were monitored. Excellent selectivity and sensitivity enables quantification and identification of low levels of rotenoids (LOD 2 ng mL^?1, LOQ 5 ng mL^?1) in human serum.     

柱前衍生-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定葡萄和樱桃中单氰胺残留

建立了丹磺酰氯（DNS）柱前衍生-液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）测定葡萄和樱桃中单氰胺的方法。样品经破壁机匀浆,乙酸乙酯超声提取,无水硫酸钠除水,提取液经减压浓缩,在碱性条件下与丹磺酰氯进行衍生反应。色谱柱为岛津Shim-pack XR-ODS色谱柱（75 mm×2.0 mm,1.6 μm）,流动相为甲醇和含0.05%（体积分数）甲酸的2 mmol/L醋酸铵水溶液,梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源正离子多反应监测模式进行质谱检测。单氰胺在0.01~1.0 mg/L范围内,峰面积与质量浓度之间线性关系良好,相关系数不小于0.9990。在0.01、0.05和1.0 mg/kg的添加水平下,葡萄和樱桃中单氰胺的平均回收率为75%~81%,精密度为6.5%~9.8%,定量限为0.01 mg/kg。该方法简便、快速、可靠,可用于批量检测葡萄和樱桃中单氰胺残留。     

在线净化液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定牛奶中的6种孕激素

建立了在线净化液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定牛奶中炔诺酮、17α-羟基孕酮、甲羟孕酮、乙酸甲地孕酮、孕酮和醋酸美伦孕酮6种孕激素的方法。本方法采用乙腈为提取溶剂提取目标化合物。提取液经在线净化柱Cyclone-P净化,经Phenyl-Hexyl色谱柱分离,流动相采用0.5%（v/v）甲酸水溶液-乙腈,在电喷雾正离子模式下以多反应监测（MRM）方式测定,内标法定量。方法在0.1~50 μg/L范围内呈线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999。6种分析物的测定低限为0.5 μg/kg,在牛奶中3个水平的添加回收率在90.8%~107.5%之间,相对标准偏差在6.3%~11.8%之间。该方法快速简便,灵敏度高,选择性好,可用于牛奶样品中孕激素的快速定性定量分析。