α-氨基烃基膦酸及其衍生物的合成与反应

本文报导合成α-氨基烃基膦酸(1)及其衍生物的新方法与反应。(一)提出用苯甲酰胺(或丙烯酰胺)和醛、亚磷酸三苯酯反应,经水解合成(1);(二)在BF_3·Et_2O催化下用磷酰胺或代磷酰胺、醛和亚磷酸三苯酯或苯基亚磷酸二苯酯反应,生成α-磷胺酰氨基(或硫代磷酰胺基)取代苄膦酸二苯酯或次膦酸苯酯(2)。经选择性脱去氨基保护基生成α-氨基膦酸二苯酯溴代盐(3);(三)二苯氧基氯磷、醛和磷酰胺(或硫代磷酰胺)在 ZnCl_2等路易斯酸存在     

含磷杂环化合物的研究——Ⅱ.1,3,2-苯并二氧磷杂戊环衍生物

本文合成了七个2,2-二硫代-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷杂戊环的叔胺盐1a～g,并用两种方法制得六个2,2-取代-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷杂戊环化合物2a～c和3a～c。除1a外的所有化合物均为新化合物,对它们的结构进行了初步解析。     

阻燃中间体3,9-二氯-2,4,8,10-四氧代-3,9-二磷杂螺[5.5]十一烷的合成

以PCl3和季戊四醇为原料合成了中间体3,9$C二氯-2,4,8,10$C四氧代-3,9-二磷杂螺[5.5]十一烷,产率达99.6%.对反应条件进行了优化,最佳反应条件为:PCl3和季戊四醇摩尔比为2.5∶1,反应温度80℃,反应时间1.5h.     

2-(芳氧基苯基硫代膦酰基)-1,2,3σ^2-二氮磷杂环戊二烯的合成

研究了芳氧基苯基硫代膦酰基酮腙与三氯化磷的环化反应, 成功地合成了2-N上带有硫代膦酰基的3-氯1,2,3-二氮磷杂环戊烯(3)及二配位磷化物2-硫代膦酰基1,2,3σ^2-二氮磷杂环戊二烯(4)。     

2-甲氧/乙氧羰基-4-氟苯基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂的合成、抑真菌活性及构效关系

以高活性的2-甲氧/乙氧羰基-4-(4-氟苯基)-1,5-苯并硫氮杂A和B为模型化合物,设计合成了11个含氟杂衍生物3a~3k,考察了它们对白色念珠菌和新生隐球菌的抑菌活性.研究结果表明,2-甲氧/乙氧羰基-4-(2-氟苯基)/(3-氟苯基)/(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,5-苯并硫氮杂3a,3b,3d~3f对新生隐球菌有很强的抑菌活性,3c的活性中等,而7位氯代杂3g~3k基本无活性;上述杂对白色念珠菌均无活性.在此基础上,进一步测试了高活性杂3a,3b,3d~3f对新生隐球菌的抑菌浓度梯度、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MFC),发现其MIC和MFC均远低于对照药氟康唑.为了考察杂3a~3f的药效基团,又设计合成了4类杂衍生物4a~4f,5a~5f,6a~6f和7a~7c,通过对其抑菌活性的评价,发现分子中2-甲氧/乙氧羰基和亚胺官能团对杂3a~3f的抑真菌(新生隐球菌)活性起关键作用,硫原子被氧原子或氮原子代替后原杂的活性降低.     

2-氯-2-氧代(硫代)-1, 3, 2-二氧磷杂环己烷的甲醇解及其开环 异构化反应

报道了trans-2-氧代-2-氯-4-苯基-5,5-二甲基-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环己烷以及cis-2-硫代-2-氯-4-苯基-5,5-二甲基-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环己烷甲醇解反应的立体化学。结果表明,反应体系的酸碱性对前者甲醇解反应的立体化学有着重要影响。而硫代环磷酰氯在碱性条件下的甲醇解反应存在一个开环异构化过程。     

2-氯-2-氧代(硫代)-1, 3, 2-二氧磷杂环己烷的甲醇解及其开环 异构化反应

报道了trans-2-氧代-2-氯-4-苯基-5,5-二甲基-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环己烷以及cis-2-硫代-2-氯-4-苯基-5,5-二甲基-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环己烷甲醇解反应的立体化学。结果表明,反应体系的酸碱性对前者甲醇解反应的立体化学有着重要影响。而硫代环磷酰氯在碱性条件下的甲醇解反应存在一个开环异构化过程。     

2-苯羟甲基-5,5-二甲基-4-苯基-2-氧代1,3,2-二氧磷杂环己烷的合成及表征

以苯甲醛、异丁醛、三氯化磷为原料合成了新型的1,3,2-二氧磷杂环类化合物2-苯羟甲基-5,5-二甲基-4-苯基-2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环己烷,总收率为40．8％,并对其进行了NMR研究和结构表征。     

4-氟苯基-2,3-二氢-1,5-苯并[b]硫氮杂类化合物的合成、结构和抑真菌活性

合成了26个4-氟苯基取代的1,5-苯并硫氮杂类化合物2a~2z,其结构经核磁共振波谱、红外光谱和高分辨质谱确证.采用抑菌圈法测试了其对白色念珠菌和新生隐球菌的抑菌活性,结果表明,4-(2,3-二氟苯基)/(2,5-二氟苯基)/(3,4-二氟苯基)-2,3-二氢-1,5-苯并[b]硫氮杂(2a~2f)对新生隐球菌有较强的抑制作用,但杂2a~2z对白色念珠菌均无活性.进一步考察了高活性杂2a~2f对新生隐球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC,MIC80)和最小杀菌浓度(MFC),发现其MIC和MFC远低于对照药氟康唑.在此基础上,对杂2a~2f进行了初步构效关系研究,并合成了4个系列21个杂衍生物3a~3f,4a~4f,5a~5f和6a~6c.通过考察其对新生隐球菌的抑菌效果,证明了杂2a~2f分子中的硫原子、碳氮双键结构单元以及2位的甲氧/乙氧羰基是该类化合物抑真菌的必需基团.     

2-甲基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂(艹卓)的基态和激发态反应的研究 Ⅲ.2-甲基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂(艹卓)-4(5H)-酮与4-甲基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂(艹卓)-2(3H)-酮间的互变异构

Ried和Marx曾报道邻氨基硫代苯酚与乙酰乙酸乙酯或二烯酮反应分别合成了2-甲基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂(艹卓)-4(5H)-酮(la)和4-甲基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂(艹卓)-2(3H)-酮(lb)。但有关这两个化合物的结构鉴定除可查到la的红外光谱数据外,它们的~1HNMR和~13CNMR数据均未见报道     

Synthesis and performance of cyclic phosphorus-containing flame retardants

A series of organo-cyclic phosphorus compounds were synthesized in an attempt to find an efficient flame retardant (FR) for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). The success of synthesis was confirmed by ¹H and ³¹P NMR. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results reveal that cyclic phosphorus compounds synthesized in this study show almost one step degradation between 250 and 400 °C and are believed to work in the vapour phase rather than in the condensed phase. From UL-94 test, V-0 rating was achieved at 15-35 wt% loading of cyclic or cyclic alkyl phosphonate FR and no rating at 35 wt% loading of cyclic phosphate for ABS. On the other hand, a much lower loading (7.5%) was needed to obtain V-0 rating for polycarbonate when 3,9-diphenyl-3,9-dioxa-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro-5,5-undecane (PBPP) was added as FR. All the results show that the flame retarding effect is strongly dependent on the P content of the FR incorporated. The flame retardant mechanism of cyclic phosphorus compounds is also discussed.     

Synthesis and thermal properties of spiro phosphorus compounds

Intumescent materials, 3,9-dichloro-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro-[5,5]-undecane-3,9-dioxide and 3,9-dichloro-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro-[5,5]-undecane having the capacity to produce dehydrating agent, blowing agent, and undergo carbonization during burning have been synthesized. The thermal behavior of the synthesized materials was investigated using differential thermal analysis, thermal volatilization analysis, programmed vacuum pyrolysis–mass spectrometry, flash pyrolysis–mass spectrometry and off-line pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The materials show exothermic degradation after 250 °C. Monitoring the release of hydrogen chloride and water, the blowing agents for the production of carbon foam, clearly indicated the superior performance of the pentavalent phosphorus compound over the trivalent phosphorus compound. The major gaseous degradation products released during pyrolysis showed the presence of sufficient quantities of several alkyl-substituted benzenes and fused aromatics. Suitable degradation mechanism has been proposed and discussed to explain the formation of various organics during thermal degradation.     

Synthesis and applications of biscyclic phosphorus flame retardants

The influence of structural effects of organo-phosphorus flame retardants (FRs) on their flame retardant action was investigated. A series of spirobisphosphorus compounds including 3,9-dibutyl-3,9-dioxo-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro-5,5-undecane were prepared using various synthetic methods such as the Arbuzov reaction. The chemical structure of the product was confirmed by ¹H and ³¹P NMR. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results reveal that these cyclic phosphorus compounds show a single step degradation in the range of 250-400 °C and act in the gas phase rather than in the condensed phase. The obtained products were blended with an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) or polycarbonate (PC) and their flame retardant behavior was evaluated using a UL-94 vertical test. V-0 ratings are achieved at 15-35 wt% loading of FR for ABS and at a much lesser amount of loading for PC. In both cases, it is apparent that the flame retardancy is strongly dependent on the P content of the flame retardant.     

Preparation and some reactions of 3,9-dichloro-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5] undecane-3,9-disulfide

3, 9-Dichloro-2, 4, 8, 10-tetraoxa-3, 9-diphosphaspiro[5. 5]undecane-3,9-disulfide (I), has been synthesized by treating a dimethylacetamide solution of 2, 4, 8, 10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5. 5]undecane-3, 9-disulfide (III) with carbon tetrachloride. A number of other known methods for converting dialkyl phosphorothioites to thiophosphorochloridates were also applied to III, but all failed to produce I. Chlorination of either I or III gave an acyclic product, 4, 4-bis(chloromethyl)-1, 1, 7, 7-tetrachloro-2, 6-dioxa-1, 7-di-phosphaheptane-1, 7-dioxide (IV), in nearly quantitative yield. The same compound was also obtained by the previously known method of chlorinating 3, 9-dichloro-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3, 9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane (II). The treatment of pentaerythritol with phosphorus pentachloride gave IV in minor amount along with a 25% yield of 4,4-bis-(chloromethyl)-1-chloro-2, 6-dioxa-1-phosphacyclohexane-1-oxide (VII). The hydrolysis of I in heated aqueous sodium carbonate gave, after acidification, 3,9-dihydroxy-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3, 9-diphosphaspiro[5. 5]undecane-3, 9-disulfide (VIII). A number of derivatives were prepared by reaction of I with phenoxides and amines. The corresponding thio-phosphorofluoridate XI was prepared by treatment of I with potassium fluoride in dioxane.     

REACTION OF PENTAERYTHRITOL WITH DIETHYL PHOSPHOROCHLORIDATE PENTAERYTHRITOL BIS-, TRIS- AND TETRAKIS(DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATES)

Abstract

Reaction of pentaerythritol 1 with 1, 2 or 3 equivalents of diethyl phosphorochloridate 2 yielded pentaerythritol tris(diethyl phosphate) 5. Treatment of pentaerythritol with 4 or more equivalents of 2 gave pentaerythritol tetrakis(diethyl phosphate) 6. Transesterification of 5 and 6 with trimethylsilyl chloride and sodium iodide in acetonitrile followed by treatment with water gave pentaerythritol tris (dihydrogen phosphate) 7 and pentaerythritol tetrakis(dihydrogen phosphate) 8 respectively. Pentaerythritol bis(dihydrogen phosphate) 9 was prepared by the hydrolysis of 3,9-dichloro-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro [5,5] undecane 3,9-dioxide 10. The compounds 7,8 and 9 were isolated as anilinium salts and characterized by 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectra.     

不饱和环缩醛/多硫醇体系的光交联

本文研究了3,9-二丙烯基-2,4,8,10-四氧螺[5,5]十三烷(DPTST)和四巯基醋酸季戊四醇酯(PTMA)以苯乙酮衍生物、安息香醚和芳酮作光引发剂时的光交联。通过测定双键在1680cm^-1和巯基在2570cm^-1处的红外吸收随光照时间的变化以及凝胶转化率和硬度随光照时间的变化来表征光交联动力学。 光交联速度与组分配比、光引发剂性质及含量有明显关系。以苯乙酮衍生物和α,α-二甲氧基-α-苯基苯乙酮为光引发剂、DPTST/PTMA的摩尔比为2:1到3:1时,得到较好的实验结果。     

SuperQuat N-acyl-5,5-dimethyloxazolidin-2-ones for the asymmetric synthesis of alpha-alkyl and beta-alkyl aldehydes

The proclivity of alpha-branched N-2'-benzyl-3'-phenylpropionyl derivatives of (S)-4-benzyl-5,5-dimethyl-, (S)-4-phenyl-5,5-dimethyl-, (S)-4-isopropyl-5,5-dimethyl-, (S)-4-benzyl- and (S)-4-benzyl-5,5-diphenyl-oxazolidin-2-ones to generate directly 2-benzyl-3-phenylpropionaldehyde upon hydride reduction with DIBAL is investigated. The (S)-4-benzyl-5,5-dimethyl-derivative proved optimal for inhibition of endocyclic nucleophilic attack, giving 2-benzyl-3-phenylpropionaldehyde in good yield upon reduction. Application of this methodology for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral aldehydes via diastereoselective enolate alkylation of a range of (S)-N-acyl-4-benzyl-5,5-dimethyloxazolidin-2-ones to afford and array of alpha-substituted-N-acyl-5,5-dimethyloxazolidin- 2-ones (85-94% de) and subsequent reduction with DIBAL afforded directly non-racemic alpha-substituted aldehydes without loss of stereochemical integrity (87-94% ee). The extension of this protocol for the asymmetric synthesis of beta-substituted aldehydes is demonstrated, via the diastereoselective conjugate addition of a range of organocuprates to (S)-N-acyl-4-phenyl-5,5-dimethyloxazolidin-2-ones which proceeds with high diastereoselectivity (generally > 95% de). Reduction of the conjugate addition products with DIBAL gives non-racemic beta-substituted aldehydes in high yields and in high ee (generally > 95% ee). This methodology is exemplified by the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-3-isopropenylhept-6-enal, which has previously been used in the synthesis of (3Z,6R)-3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9-decadien-1-yl acetate, a component of the sex pheromones of the California red scale.     

STUDY ON POLYMERIZATION MECHANISM OF 3, 9,-DIALLYL-3, 9, -DIBENZYL-1, 5, 7, 11-TETRAOXASPIRO [5, 5] UNDECANE

A new monomer, 3,9-diallyl-3, 9-dibenzyl-1, 5,7,11 - tetraoxa- spiro [5,5] undecane (6) was prepared by the reaction of 2- allyl- 2' - benzyl- propanediol - 1.3 with dibutyltin oxide, and then treated with CS_2. Monomer 4 could be initiated by cationic initiators to give a viscous polymer (white powder in the case of polymerization at 0℃). Upon the NMR and IR spectra of the obtained polymer, the components and their relative amount were estimated. The polymerization mechanism was discussed.     

Chiral Separation of Spiro-compounds and Determination Configuration

Chiral spirocyclic compounds have attracted the attention of scholars and scientists owing to their potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry as either active pharmaceutical ingredients, catalysts in synthesizing active enantiomers, or as surface modifiers on silica particles to resolve entantiomers. In this study, five spiro compounds of 3,9-diphenyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]-undecane（1）, 3,9-（4-methoxyphenyl）-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5] -undecane（2）, 3,9-（4-methylphenyl）-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5] -undecane（3）, 4,4＇-（2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,9-diyl）dibenzoic acid（4） and 3,9-di（4-formyl-phenyl）-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-spiro[5.5]-undecane（5） were synthesized by grinding pentaerythritol with benzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-methylbenzaldehyde, 4-carboxybenzaldehyde or terephthalaldehyde monoacetal in the presence of InI3r3 under solvent-free conditions. A normal phase HPLC method was successfully developed to resolve entantiomers of compounds 1--5 on a chiral column. Specific optical rotation of R or S entantiomers（1） was determined and the corresponding configurations were proposed based on Lowe＇s rule.