多壁碳纳米管固相萃取技术同时测定蜂蜜中多类兽药残留

采用多壁碳纳米管固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术同时测定蜂蜜中的磺胺类、喹诺酮类、硝基咪唑类和四环素类等52种兽药残留. 样品用Na₂EDTA-Mcllvaine提取,经改性的多壁碳纳米管固相萃取小柱净化,通过Waters C₁₈色谱柱分离,以乙腈和0.1%（体积分数）的甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾-正离子多反应监测的质谱模式,以基质外标法进行定量分析. 实验结果表明,52种兽药在相应的浓度范围内线性相关系数均大于0.99,该方法的定量限为1.5 ~7.5 μg/kg. 在7.5,25和50 μg/kg 3个浓度添加水平下,各种兽药的回收率为67.3% ~117.8%,相对标准偏差为1.9% ~17.4%. 结果表明,多壁碳纳米管固相萃取材料具有较好的净化效果,适用于蜂蜜中多类兽药残留的同时检测.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定鸡粪中四环素类、喹诺酮类和磺胺类抗生素

建立了一种高效、低成本的固相萃取-高效液相色谱（SPE-HPLC）同时测定鸡粪中6种常见抗生素（2种四环素类、2种喹诺酮类和2种磺胺类）的分析方法。样品经EDTA-McIlvaine缓冲液和有机混合提取液（甲醇-乙腈-丙酮，2：2：1，v/v/v）提取，过HLB固相萃取柱净化，甲醇-二氯甲烷（7：3，v/v）洗脱，高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器测定，检测波长λ=270 nm，柱温32℃，流动相为乙腈-0.7%（v/v）磷酸水溶液。该方法在0.5~100 mg/L质量浓度范围内的标准曲线相关系数r²在0.9999~1之间，样品加标回收率在70.0%~116.3%之间，相对标准偏差为1.2%~16.6%。方法检出限为1.3~6.7 μg/kg，定量限为3.5~9.2 μg/kg。应用该方法对辽宁省抚顺市某养鸡场当天的鸡粪进行检测，诺氟沙星和恩诺沙星（喹诺酮类）含量为未检出~9.23 mg/kg和1.57~7.69 mg/kg，磺胺二甲嘧啶（磺胺类）含量为2.02~13.05 mg/kg，磺胺甲恶唑、土霉素和四环素未测出。     

两步液液萃取-固相萃取净化结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中11种磺胺类兽药残留

建立了猪肉中11种常见的磺胺类兽药残留的两步液液萃取-固相萃取净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）检测方法。猪肉样品经乙酸乙酯（含2%（v/v）甲酸）及丙酮分两步液液萃取，正己烷脱脂，Oasis MCX混合阳离子固相萃取小柱净化，氮吹浓缩，定容，过滤膜后进行高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析。采用多反应监测正离子模式进行检测，以基质校准曲线外标法定量。结果表明，在20~400 μg/L范围内11种磺胺类药物均呈现良好的线性关系（相关系数（r²）≥ 0.99），检出限（LODs）（S/N=3）和定量限（LOQs）（S/N=10）分别为0.1~1.0 μg/kg和0.2~3.0 μg/kg。对阴性猪肉样品，在50、100、200 μg/kg 3个水平下分别进行加标回收试验，测得各待测物的平均回收率为79.3%~105.5%之间，相对标准偏差为1.3%~11.6%（n=6）。该方法比采用一步液液萃取法具有更高的提取效率，同时结合固相萃取净化方法进一步富集目标化合物，降低了基质干扰，提高了检测灵敏度。     

分散固相萃取-在线凝胶色谱-气相色谱-质谱联用法快速检测紫菜中的农药多残留

建立了紫菜中农药多残留的在线凝胶色谱-气相色谱-质谱联用（GPC-GC/MS）检测方法。以有机氯、有机磷、三嗪类和菊酯类的19种农药为目标物,对比了丙酮、丙酮/二氯甲烷（1:1,v/v）和乙腈3种有机溶剂的提取效果,通过石墨化炭黑粉（GCB）和N-丙基乙二胺粉（PSA）分散固相萃取净化和GPC在线净化,气相色谱-质谱联用法分析,外标法定量。结果表明,此方法实现了在线净化与分析检测的自动化,缩短了分析时间。分析物在10~1000 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r>0.995;采取GPC大体积进样和气相色谱进样口的程序升温方式提高了检测灵敏度,检出限为0.005~0.03 mg/kg。方法的平均添加回收率在70%~120%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于15%。该方法简单、快速、具有良好的回收率和重复性,适用于紫菜样品中农药多残留的快速灵敏检测。     

氧化修饰多壁碳纳米管固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法同时测定牛奶中7种雌性激素残留

建立了氧化修饰的多壁碳纳米管固相萃取净化-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱技术同时测定牛奶中雌二醇、雌三醇、己烯雌酚、己烷雌酚、己二烯雌酚、炔雌醇、雌酮7种雌性激素残留的方法。样品用乙腈提取,提取液用水稀释后再经过多壁碳纳米管固相萃取小柱净化,净化后的样品采用Waters AtlantisBEH C18色谱柱(100×2.1mm,1.7μm)分离,以乙腈和0.02%氨水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用负离子扫描的多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测,内标法定量。7种雌性激素的线性范围为1~100μg/L,相关系数均大于0.99,方法检出限(S/N≥3)为0.02~0.1μg/kg。将本方法应用于实际样品分析,在低、中、高3个浓度下的加标回收率为86.7%~103.6%,相对标准偏差在1.5%~6.9%之间。结果表明表面氧化修饰的多壁碳纳米管具有较好的净化效果,该方法可快速准确地测定牛奶中雌性激素残留。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定牛奶中13种磺胺残留

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱同时测定牛奶中13种磺胺类药物残留的方法。样品经乙腈溶液漩涡超声提取后,采用自制碱性氧化铝固相萃取小柱(SPE)净化,洗脱液减压浓缩至近干后用流动相溶解并定容,过PTFE滤膜后在Thermo Fisher Scientific ODS hypersil色谱柱上,以乙腈-20 mmol/L H3PO4溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为270 nm。13种磺胺在50~5000μg/L范围内具有良好的线性,相关系数≥0.999,检出限为2.0~4.2μg/L,定量限为8.9~14.2μg/L。在20,50,100μg/L添加水平的加标回收率为79.0%~118.2%,相对标准偏差在2.7%~6.9%之间。方法能对牛奶中13种磺胺类药物残留实现准确定量分析。     

多壁碳纳米管固相萃取净化气相色谱法分析蔬菜中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留

建立了多壁碳纳米管为吸附剂的固相萃取(SPE)净化、气相色谱-电子捕获检测(GC-ECD)测定蔬菜中6种有机氯和7种拟除虫菊酯农药的方法。采用双柱(HP-50和HP-1色谱柱)双检测器进行定性和定量分析。蔬菜样品采用乙腈提取,多壁碳纳米管SPE柱净化,正己烷溶解上样,丙酮-正己烷(7:3, v/v)洗脱,13种农药中有11种农药的添加回收率高于70%。将该净化方法用于荷兰黄瓜、卷心菜、红圣女果、奶油生菜、紫甘蓝、韭菜、大葱和洋葱等样品的净化,与弗罗里硅土SPE柱相比较,净化效果更好,表明多壁碳纳米管具有较强的吸附去除色素的能力,可以避免色素对测定的干扰。     

多壁碳纳米管滤过型净化柱净化-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法同时测定生姜中的涕灭威及其代谢物

建立了多壁碳纳米管滤过型净化柱净化-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱联用技术同时测定生姜中涕灭威及其代谢物的分析方法。生姜样品经乙腈提取后,用多壁碳纳米管滤过型净化柱进行2次反复抽提净化,净化液用氮气吹干,用乙腈-水（5：95,v/v）溶解,采用正离子多反应监测（MRM）模式进行分析,外标法定量。结果表明：涕灭威、涕灭威砜及涕灭威亚砜在0.5~200 μg/L浓度范围内呈线性,其相关系数（r²）均大于0.99;在2、20、200 μg/kg添加水平下,回收率为71.4%~89.8%,相对标准偏差范围为0.7%~13.2%;3种目标物的定量限为1.0~2.0 μg/kg。本方法操作简单,灵敏度、准确度和精密度均满足农药多残留检测技术的要求,适用于生姜中涕灭威及其代谢物残留的快速测定。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋中125种兽药残留

采用冷冻脂质过滤,结合分散固相萃取净化的QuEChERS方法,建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋中125种兽药残留的检测方法。样品中的11类兽药（硝基咪唑类、苯并咪唑类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类、四环素类、大环内酯类、雄激素类、孕激素类、糖皮质醇类、雌激素类、氯霉素类）用70%（v/v）乙腈-水溶液（含0.1 mol/L EDTA）提取后,提取液在-20℃冷冻处理2 h,再经分散固相萃取法净化,净化液经稀释后,以超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,外标法定量。结果显示125种兽药的线性相关系数R²≥0.99,定量限范围为2.0~60 μg/kg,回收率在60.4%~119.3%之间,相对标准偏差在0.3%~16.1%之间。该方法前处理简单、准确、成本较低,适用于鸡蛋中兽药残留的高通量快速检测分析。     

分散液液微萃取-反相液液微萃取-扫集-胶束电动色谱法测定红酒中的3种氯酚类物质

建立了分散液液微萃取（DLLME）-反相液液微萃取（RP-LLME）-扫集-胶束电动色谱富集模型,并用于红酒中五氯酚（PCP）、2,4,6-三氯酚（TCP）和2,4-二氯酚（DCP）3种氯酚的测定。实验考察了两步微萃取的萃取参数对氯酚萃取率的影响和样品分离富集的电泳条件。最佳萃取条件DLLME为：3.5 mL红酒（pH 3.0,120 g/L NaCl）,300 μL正己烷（萃取剂）;RP-LLME为：25 μL 0.16 mol/L NaOH（萃取剂）。最佳电泳条件：25 mmol/L NaH₂PO₄,100 mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）,30%（v/v）乙腈,pH 2.3;分离电压-15 kV;样品基质为80 mmol/L NaH₂PO₄;压力进样20 s×20.67 kPa（3 psi）。PCP和TCP的线性范围为0.5~100 μg/L（r≥0.9910）,DCP的线性范围为1.5~80 μg/L（r=0.9851）。3种分析物的检出限（S/N=3）为0.035~0.114 μg/L,加标回收率为75.2%~104.7%,相对标准偏差≤6.17%。该方法富集倍数高、灵敏度高、重现性好、分析速度快,可为不同样品基质中痕量氯酚污染物及某些弱酸性有机污染物测定提供参考。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测螺旋藻保健品中7种微囊藻毒素

采用固相萃取净化结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定了螺旋藻保健品中7种微囊藻毒素(MCs)。螺旋藻保健品经70%(体积分数)的甲醇超声提取,冷冻离心沉淀杂质后,经HLB柱净化。在Waters ACQUITY UPLCBEH C18色谱柱上以乙腈和0.2 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,采用电喷雾离子源正离子模式进行多反应离子监测,外标法定量。7种MC在线性范围内线性关系良好(相关系数(r)不小于0.995);检出限为6.7～33.3 μg/kg,定量限为20.0～100.0 μg/kg。各分析物在阴性螺旋藻保健品中的加标回收率在87.5%～97.9%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.6%～6.9%之间。该方法准确可靠,灵敏度高,可用于螺旋藻保健品中MC污染的确证定性、定量检测。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定牛奶中残留的9种磺胺类药物

建立了同时测定牛奶中残留的9种磺胺类药物的固相萃取-高效液相色谱分析方法。牛奶样品经磷酸盐缓冲液稀释后高速离心去除脂肪,过C18小柱,用水淋洗,甲醇洗脱,洗脱液经氮气吹干后用乙酸乙酯溶解,并过氨基固相萃取小柱净化,用正己烷及水淋洗,以甲醇-乙腈-水（含1%乙酸）(体积比为1∶1∶8)洗脱,洗脱液用于高效液相色谱分析。采用Inertsil ODS-3 C18柱分离,以水-乙酸和甲醇-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器检测,外标法定量。9种磺胺类药物标准曲线的线性回归系数均在 0.9999 以上,线性范围为25～5000 μg/L,检出限为1.7～2.8 μg/L,定量限为5.7～9.2 μg/L。在10,20,40 μg/L 添加水平下的添加回收率为72.1%~88.3%,相对标准偏差为2.3%～5.0%。该方法具有快速、灵敏的特点,符合现行兽药残留分析的要求。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定茶叶中残留的92种农药

建立了茶叶中92种农药多残留的气相色谱分析方法。茶叶样品用乙腈一次性提取后,有机磷类农药经Envi-Carb固相小柱净化,用10 mL乙腈-甲苯(体积比为3∶1)洗脱剂淋洗,气相色谱-火焰光度检测器(GC-FPD)检测;有机氯类和拟除虫菊酯类农药经串联Envi-Carb和NH2固相小柱净化,用5 mL乙腈-甲苯(体积比为3∶1)洗脱剂淋洗,GC-电子捕获检测器(ECD)检测。采用外标法定量。添加回收试验的结果表明:92种农药的平均回收率为80.3%～117.1%,相对标准偏差为1.5%～9.8%。方法的检出限为0.0025～0.10 mg/kg。该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留测定的技术要求。     

Application of ion-exchange cartridge clean-up in food analysis. V. Simultaneous determination of sulphonamide antibacterials in animal liver and kidney using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and mass spectrometric detection

A simple, rapid, and reliable method for the determination of residual sulphonamide antibacterials (SAs) (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfadimidine, sulfamethoxypiridazine, sulfisozole, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfaquinoxaline) in animal liver and kidney was developed using a combination of clean-up on a Bond Elut PSA cartridge and HPLC with UV detection. The SAs were extracted with ethyl acetate and then dissolved in 5 ml of 50 v/v% ethyl acetate-n-hexane after being evaporated to dryness. For clean-up of the crude sample, the resuspended extract was applied to a Bond Elut PAS (primary/secondary amine cartridge), and then SAs were eluted from the cartridge using 5 ml of 20 v/v% acetonitrile-0.05 M ammonium formate before being analysed by HPLC. Recoveries of the SAs at the levels of 0.5 and 0.1 microg/g were 70.8-98.2%, the rerative standard deviation were less than 7.0%, and the detection limits were 0.03 microg/g. The present analysis method of SAs in animal kidney and liver using HPLC with a clean-up procedure was demonstrated to be highly applicable to the direct LC-MS-MS analysis without any modification.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定地表水中的苯并三唑和苯并噻唑

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱分析地表水中苯并噻唑、苯并三唑、5-甲基-苯并三唑、5-氯-苯并三唑及5,6-二甲基-苯并三唑的方法。地表水样品采用HLB固相萃取柱富集净化后,在甲醇-水(55:45, v/v)流动相中用ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)分离,紫外检测,外标法定量。结果表明,5种目标化合物在0.064～80 mg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.9999,仪器检出限为1.9～3.2 μg/L。空白自来水样中的加标回收率为87.8%～125.6%,相对标准偏差(n=3)为0.4%～9.4%。应用该方法测定了大连自来水及辽河入海口水样,在辽河入海口地表水中检出苯并噻唑、苯并三唑、5-甲基-苯并三唑、5-氯-苯并三唑。     

高效液相色谱法测定鸡组织与鸡蛋中氯苯胍的残留量

建立了测定鸡组织与鸡蛋中氯苯胍残留的高效液相色谱法。试样用乙腈提取,经HLB固相萃取柱净化和流动相定容后,采用高效液相色谱法测定。以乙腈-0.05 mol/L NH4H2PO4缓冲液(6:4, v/v, pH 6.5)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,于317 nm波长下检测。氯苯胍在10～1000 μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系;方法的检出限(信噪比为3)为10 μg/L,定量限(信噪比为10)为15 μg/kg;回收率为73.1%～88.7%。该法操作简便、快速、灵敏、准确,样品处理简便易行,适用于测定鸡组织与鸡蛋中残留的氯苯胍。     

杂质吸附型净化结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定谷物和动物饲料中37种霉菌毒素

建立了谷物和动物饲料中霉菌毒素的高效、快速前处理方法,可同时提取和净化样品中37种理化性质差异较大的霉菌毒素,并采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）进行定性和定量分析。样品粉碎处理后,经84%（体积分数,下同）乙腈水（含0.1%甲酸）溶液振荡提取20 min,MLJ-1杂质吸附型固相萃取柱净化。目标物在BEH RP18色谱柱上分离,以0.1 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液（含0.1%甲酸）和甲醇溶液（含0.1%甲酸）作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用电喷雾正、负离子模式和多反应监测模式进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,本方法可在1 min内完成样品净化处理,15 min内完成37种目标化合物的分离分析。37种目标物在各自线性范围内线性关系良好,基质匹配标准曲线的相关系数均大于0.98。除伏马毒素外的所有目标化合物在4个添加水平下的回收率介于80%~120%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）<20%（n=5）,方法定量限为2~40 μg/kg,能够满足《饲料卫生标准》判定要求。该方法操作简单、快速、准确,适合谷物和动物饲料中多种霉菌毒素同步筛查和确证检测。     

Polyamide as an efficient sorbent for simultaneous interference-free determination of three Sudan dyes in saffron and urine using high-performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet detection北大核心CSCD

With polyamide( PA)as an efficient sorbent for solid phase extraction( SPE)of Sudan dyes II,III and Red 7B from saffron and urine,their determination by HPLC was performed. The optimum conditions for SPE were achieved using 7 mL methanol/water( 1:9,v/v,pH 7)as the washing solvent and 3 mL tetrahydrofu-ran for elution. Good clean-up and high( above 90%)recoveries were observed for all the analytes. The opti-mized mobile phase composition for HPLC analysis of these compounds was methanol-water( 70:30,v/v). The SPE parameters,such as the maximum loading capacity and breakthrough volume,were also determined for each analyte. The limits of detection( LODs),limits of quantification( LOQs),linear ranges and recoveries for the analytes were 4. 6-6. 6 μg/L,13. 0-19. 8 μg/L,13. 0-5 000 μg/L( r2> 0. 99)and 92. 5% -113. 4%,respec-tively. The precisions( RSDs)of the overall analytical procedure,estimated by five replicate measurements for Sudan II,III and Red 7B in saffron and urine samples were 2. 3%,1. 8% and 3. 6%,respectively. The developed method is simple and successful in the application to the determination of Sudan dyes in saffron and urine sam-ples with HPLC coupled with UV detection.     

Applications of a Novel Sample Preparation Method for the Determination of Sulfonamides in Edible Meat by CZE

A simple, rapid and reliable method based on SPE clean-up and CZE separation was validated for the trace determination of sulfonamides (SAs) in meat. Acetonitrile was used for the extraction of SAs (sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfadimethoxine) from the samples and 1-propanol was used for the denaturing of the proteins present in the sample matrix. SPE procedure was employed for the clean-up and pre-concentration of SAs prior to CZE analysis. Complete separation was achieved by using 45 mmol L^?1 phosphate buffer (pH = 6.3) at an applied voltage of 20 kV. Overall obtained recoveries were from 83.3 to 94.5% for the SAs. The detection limit of each sulfonamide ranges from 4 to 6 μg kg^?1. The presented one step SPE clean-up method is highly applicable for the determination of the SAs at a residue level below the maximum residue limit.     

Determination of Glycolate Acid,Mono‐ and Dichloroacetic Acids in Synthetical Betaine by Anion‐exchange Chromatography

An anion‐exchange chromatography method combined solid phase extraction (SPE) was developed for the simultaneous analysis of glycolate acid (GL), monochloroacetic acid (MCA) and dichloroacetic acid (DCA) in synthetical betaine products. The analytes and unknown anionic impurities were well separated on a Metrosep A supp5 anion‐exchange column (150 mm×4 mm) with 2.0 mmol/L Na₂CO₃+2.0 mmol/L NaHCO₃ solution as eluent. Suppressed conductivity detection was used. A strong cation exchange (SCX) solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge was used to reduce the concentration of matrix betaine and a Cleanert IC‐Ag pretreatment cartridge was used to remove high Cl^? concentration. The detection limits of GL, MCA and DCA were 0.09, 0.017 and 0.05 µg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the retention times and peak areas were less than 0.09% and 0.49%, respectively. The recoveries of the three analytes were between 90.6% and 100.8%. The analytical results showed that GL and DCA were present in high concentration and no MCA was found when the proposed ion chromatography method was applied to three synthetical betaine samples. The proposed method is simple, sensitive and timesaving, and is also suitable for routine analysis in quality control of synthetical betaine products.