高效液相色谱-质谱法测定杜仲样品中环烯醚萜含量

建立了液相色潜-质谱联用测定不同杜仲样品中3种环烯醚萜类物质含量的方法。以50％的甲醇-水为溶剂采用超声波提取样品中的环烯醚萜类物质．采用选择离子方式（SIR），以丰度最高的[M＋Na]^＋特征离子作为监测离子进行定性和定量分析。其质荷比（m／z）分别为369（桃叶珊瑚甙，AU）、397（京尼平甙酸，GPA）和411（京尼平甙，GP）。方法的线性范围分别为AU：0．11～1．10μg，GPA：0．24—2．40μg，GP：0．31-4．65μg；相关系数r分别为：0．999，0．999，0．996。检出限依次为0．3、0．4、0．3ng；进行4次平行测定，平均回收率分别为98％、100％和95％，RSD分别为2．8％、3．1％和2．9％。该方法操作简便，重复性好，专属性强，准确可靠，适用于对复杂的天然产物样品的定性和定量分析。     

铬形态离子的毛细管电泳分离测定

利用1,2-环己二胺四乙酸（CDTA）将Cr^3＋络合成络阴离子[CrC]^-，以甲酸盐为背景电解质溶液，毛细管区带电泳同时分析了[CrC]^-和CrO4^2-。重复性实验结果（n=9）：[CrC]^-和CrO4^2-的迁移时间相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为0．5％和0．8％，峰面积的RSD分别为4．6％和3．0％，峰高的RSD分别为2．5％和2．3％。当信噪比（S／N）为2时，CrO4^2-和[CrC]^-的检出限分别为0．3和0．08mg／L。峰面积对CrO4^2-及[CrC]^-质量浓度线性范围分别为0．625—20mg／L及0．15—10mg／L。相关系数分别为0．9986及0．9997。该分析方法简单实用。     

铅形态的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱分析

用50mm的反相高效液相色谱短柱在V甲醇/VH2O=55／45,其中水相为0．1mol／L乙酸0．1mol／L乙酸铵的缓冲溶液（pH=4．70）,流速0．6mL／min条件下,约10min内实现了无机铅离子（Pb^2＋）、氯化三甲基铅（TML）、氯化三乙基铅（TEL）和氯化三苯基铅（TPhL）的高效液相色谱．电感耦合等离子体质谱（HPLC-ICP-MS）联用分析。4种铅形态在去离子水和自来水中的加标回收率分别为93．8％-115．6％和89．3％-137．8％;峰强度和保留时间的RSD分别为7．4％-14．3％和0．5％-1．3％;仪器检出限及方法检出限分别为0．27-3．07μg/L和1．20-2．33μg／L。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定猪组织中沙丁胺醇残留量

建立了动物组织中沙丁胺醇残留量固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析方法。动物组织样品经过葡萄糖醛甙酶酶解后调节pH至9．5，然后用异丙醇／乙酸乙酯混合溶剂液液分配去除杂质，旋转浓缩后用乙酸铵缓冲溶液溶解经SCX固相萃取（SPE）柱净化，洗脱液经氮气吹干后用双三甲基硅基三氟乙酰氨（BSTFA）衍生，采用选择离子模式（86、350、369、440）进行测定，外标法定量。检出限为0．10μg/kg。在添加浓度0．5～5．0μg/kg范围内，平均添加回收率在66．4％～82．4％，相对标准偏差（批内）（CV）在3．5％～5．9％之间；批间（CV）在2．2％～4．8％之间。衍生物的峰面积与样品浓度在0．002～0．50mg／L范围内呈良好的线性关系，线性回归系数大于0．999。     

30％毒死蜱微乳剂在甘蓝及土壤中的残留动态研究

利用气相色谱（配FPD检测器）分析测定了30％毒死蜱微乳剂在甘蓝和土壤中的残留消解动态和最终残留量。毒死蜱色谱峰面积与质量浓度在0．01～0．5mg／L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数,为0．9992。甘蓝和土壤中毒死蜱的最低检出浓度均为0．005mg／kg,在0．01,0．02,0．1mg／kg3个添加水平下,甘蓝及土壤中毒死蜱的平均回收率分别为80．1％～96．4％和82．1％-98．7％,变异系数分别为1．2％～5．0％和2．5％-3-3％（n=10）。残留消解动态的结果表明：毒死蜱在甘蓝中的半衰期为5．8～10．5d,在土壤中的半衰期为8．0～10．5d。毒死蜱在收获期甘蓝及土壤中最终残留量均低于我国规定的限量值（1．0mg／kg）。     

气相色谱/氢火焰检测器检测HL-60细胞DNA中氧化损伤产物8-羟基鸟嘌呤的研究

用0．4mmol／LH2O2处理HL－60细胞株24h,采用气相色谱／氢火焰检测器（GC／FID）检测DNA氧化损伤产物8-羟基鸟嘌呤,并用气相色谱质谱仪选择性离子检测（CGC／MS－SIM）对其进一步鉴定。所用方法的平均回收率为81．7％,RSD小于5％。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中利培酮及其代谢物的质量浓度

建立了测定人血浆中利培酮及其活性代谢物9-羟利培酮质量浓度的反相高效液相色谱方法。用Zor－baxODSC18色谱柱,以V（甲醇）：V（水）：V（1mol／L醋酸铵）：V（3mol／L氨水）＝300：50：3：1为流动相,检测波长为280nm,流速为0．8mL／min。利培酮的线性范围为2～600μg／L（r＝0．996）,回收率为（98．2±3．5）％,日内与日间的标准偏差分别为4．12％和4．83％;9-羟利培酮的线性范围为2～800μg／L（r＝0．998）,回收率为（97．8±3．8）％,日内与日间的标准偏差分别为4．28％和4．81％。     

单扫描示波极谱法测定药物中头孢曲松钠含量

研究了用单扫描示波极谱法测定药物中头孢曲松钠含量的方法。pH 4．5的草酸-草酸钾缓冲溶液中,头孢曲松钠在-768 mV(vs．SCE)处有一灵敏的极谱还原峰,在6～18 mg·L1范围内呈良好的线性关系。样品测定结果与药典中HPLC法相比较,相对偏差为0．74％,加标回收率在90．0%～120．0%之间。     

吡虫啉极谱吸附波的研究及应用

在0．04mol/LNH3－0．2mol/LNH4Cl（pH＝8．0）的介质中,吡虫啉在单扫描极谱仪上于-0．95V（vs,SCE）处产生一灵敏的吸附还原波,其浓度在1．2×10－4~5．0×10-6mol/L之间与峰电流呈良好的线性关系（r＝0．9941）。对于4．0×10-5mol/L吡虫啉,平行测定（n＝6）的RSD为1．38％,回收率为100．0％~101．1％。建立了单扫描极谱测定吡虫啉的新方法,该法对吡虫啉工业品进行测定取得满意的结果。同时对电极反应机理进行了研究。     

HPLC-ICP-MS测定中药中砷的形态

报道了高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱（HPLC—ICP-MS）联用技术测定中药中砷的形态，采用阴离子交换柱，以0．2mmol／L EDTA和2mmol／L NaH2PO4的溶液为流动相，pH6．0，流速为1．0mL／min，成功分离了亚砷酸（AsⅢ）、砷酸（AsV）、甲基砷（MMA）和二甲基砷（DMA）。检出限分别为0．67μg／L（AsⅢ），0．85μg／L（DMA），0．43μg／L（MMA），0．70μg／L（AsV）。中药样品经过（1＋1）甲醇和水的溶液超声提取，离心、过滤、氮气吹干甲醇，超纯水定容。样品加标平均萃取回收率分别为：92．8％（AsⅢ），108％（DMA），104％（MMA），101％（AsV），相对标准偏差（RsD，n=7）均小于10％。     

Experimental and theoretical study of iron(III) salts with penicillin and cephalosporin anions

Iron(III) salts with benzylpenicillin, Oxacillin, Cephazolin, Cefotaxime, and Ceftriaxone anions were isolated in solid state from aqueous solution, characterized by elemental analysis, and studied by spectral and thermal methods. Structure modeling of the obtained compounds by NDDO semiempirical quantum chemical method was performed with the use of PM6 modern parametric model with MOPAC 2009 software. On the basis of experimental data and the results of computer modeling, a conclusion was drawn on the intra-complex structure of the Cephazolin, Cefotaxime, and Ceftriaxone salts. The structure of Fe(III) coordination sphere and donor atoms of the antibiotic anions were determined.     

Polymer composite films based on citrus pectin for controlled delivery of Ceftriaxone

Interaction of citrus pectin with Ceftriaxone has been studied by UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. Polymer films capable of controlled Ceftriaxone release have been prepared based on the citrus pectin mixture with polyvinyl alcohol. The decisive role of supramolecular structure of the polymeric matrix on the films transport properties has been demonstrated.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the binding of ceftriaxone to human serum albumin solution and albumin from diluted human serum

The binding of ceftriaxone to human serum albumin has been studied by high-performance liquid chromatography. The gel permeation method of Hummel and Dreyer was used. Ceftriaxone was tested with two sources of albumin (aqueous solution and diluted serum). After internal calibration the binding parameters were determined for each albumin, and results compared. These data are in agreement with those from classical methods for the determination of protein binding of ceftriaxone.     

Simultaneous Electrochemical Sensing of Ceftriaxone and Piroxicam Using Zeolite Modified Electrode for Medical Applications

The simultaneous sensing of Ceftriaxone (Cef) and Piroxicam (Pir) was presented in detail through the electrochemical method in which carbon paste electrode (CPE) was modified by meso-structured Zeolite for medical application. The results indicated a polycrystalline Zeolite phase with a relatively high surface contact for charge transportation in the sensing process. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) plots also showed better charge transportation parameters for the modified electrode. The effect of analytes concentration, in both individual and simultaneous states, on the electrochemical sensor quality parameters was investigated by different methods and the obtained results were thoroughly discussed.     

GC–MS characterisation and antibacterial activity evaluation of Nigella sativa oil against diverse strains of Salmonella

Salmonella resistance is becoming a worldwide serious health issue in these days; therefore, it is an urgent need to develop some alternative approaches to overcome this problem. Twenty bacterial strains were isolated and purified from different environmental sources and confirmed as Salmonella by morphological and biochemical analyses. Further confirmation was done by 16s rRNA sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by well diffusion assay against different concentrations of Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin. The behaviour of both antibiotics was different against diverse strains of Salmonella. Salmonella strains resistant to both antibiotics were analysed for antibacterial activity of natural extracts of Nigella sativa (black seeds). N. sativa oil was found to be more effective against Salmonella species for which even Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin were ineffective. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis of N. sativa oil was also accomplished, exhibiting 10 compounds including thymoquinone, p-cymene, cis-carveol, thymol, α-phellandrene, α-pinene, β-pinene, trans-anethole, α-longipinene and longifolene.     

HPLC法测定鸡精中谷氨酸钠的含量

以邻苯二甲醛与谷氨酸钠中的氨基进行柱前在线衍生化反应,采用C18色谱柱分离、荧光检测器（激发340nm,发射450nm）进行测定,建立了柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱测定鸡精中谷氨酸钠含量的方法。该方法相对标准偏差为0．69％,加标回收率为99．1％～101％,在0．10~50．0mg／L范围内,谷氨酸钠的峰面积和浓度之间的相关系数为0．9999,保留时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差分别为1．22％和0．71％,鸡精中谷氨酸钠定量下限为0．2μg／g。     

β-Casein aids in the formation of a sodium caprate-induced β-lactoglobulin B gel

The effects of sodium caprate on the gelation of β-lactoglobulin B and a β-lactoglobulin B/β-casein mixture at ambient temperature were investigated using ultrasonic spectroscopy and rheology. A 12% β-lactoglobulin B solution gelled in the presence of 3.6% sodium caprate. Conversely, sodium caprate did not induce the formation of a gel when β-casein was in isolation, regardless of the protein concentration. Although a 6% β-lactoglobulin B/1.8% sodium caprate solution did not form a gel, a gel was formed when 6% β-casein was added to a mixture containing 6% β-lactoglobulin B and 3.6% sodium caprate. This gel showed comparable rheological properties to that of a gel containing 12% β-lactoglobulin B. The results clearly indicated that β-casein aids in the gelation of a β-lactoglobulin B/sodium caprate mixture, when the concentration of β-lactoglobulin B is insufficient to allow for gelation. It appears that β-casein self-aggregation is also inhibited. Therefore, it could be concluded that β-casein can be used as a texture modifier for β-lactoglobulin gelation induced by sodium caprate.     

铜（III）配合物-罗丹明6G体系流动注射化学发光法测定头孢米诺钠

在酸性条件下,头孢米诺钠对铜（III）配合物-硫酸-罗丹明6G化学发光体系有强烈的增敏作用,据此建立了流动注射化学发光法定量分析头孢米诺钠方法。头孢米诺钠浓度在2．0×10^-7-6．0×10^-6g／mL范围内与化学发光强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0．99969,检出限为1．4×10^-7g／mL。对2．0×10^-7g／mL头孢米诺钠水溶液进行11次平行分析,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1．69％。利用该方法对鸡血样品和头孢米诺钠针剂中头孢米诺钠的含量进行测定,加标回收率为90．2％～102．1％。     

Formic acid regeneration by electromembrane processes

Waters containing low amounts of sodium formate and sodium hydroxide were processed in order to regenerate formic acid. The treatment was performed in three steps: wastewaters neutralization, sodium formate concentration by conventional electrodialysis (ED), and sodium formate splitting into formic acid and sodium hydroxide by bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED). A coupling of these processes was performed. ED was carried out with a current efficiency of 90% and sodium formate concentration up to 2 mol dm⁻³. BMED was performed in a three-compartment cell configuration. Formic acid solution up to 30% was obtained with current efficiency of 80% under a current density of 500 A m⁻². Diffusion of molecular formic acid explains the current efficiency loss. The current efficiency varies with acid concentration and current density. Diffusion is more important through the anion-exchange membrane than through the bipolar membrane (2.5-fold).

Depleted salt produced in BMED was recycled to the neutralisation step.     

Phosphorylation of trivalent metal tris(3-bromo-2,4-pentanedionates)

Reactions of chromium(III) and cobalt (III) tris(3-bromo-2,4-pentandionates) with sodium dibutyl phosphate, sodium dibutylphosphinate, sodium dibutyl dithiophosphate, and sodium dibutyldithiophosphinate were studied. Oxygen-containing derivatives of phosphorus acids give metal polyphosphates and polyphosphonates, and in the case of sodium dibutyl phosphate, a bromine substitution product was isolated in 3% yield. The reactions of the chelates with sodium dibutyl dithiophosphate and sodium dibutyldithiophosphinate, substitution products were isolated in 54% and 65% yields, respectively. The reactions all involved reductive dehalogenation along with substitution.Translated from Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, Vol. 74, No. 9, 2004, pp. 1472–1475.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Shapkin, Apanasenko, Skobun, Ivanova.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.