分散固相萃取/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定饲料中87种药物残留

建立了分散固相萃取/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(d SPE/LC-MS/MS)同时测定饲料中17种β-受体激动剂、18种β-内酰胺类、6种抗球虫类、5种大环内酯类、2种林可胺类、15种喹诺酮类、21种磺胺类及3种磺胺类增效剂等8类共计87种兽药的新方法。均质样品经0.1 mol/L Na2EDTA溶液分散后,以甲醇-乙腈(50∶50)超声提取,提取液用Bondesil-PSA吸附剂以分散固相萃取方式快速净化。待测物采用Poroshell EC-C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.4μm)色谱柱分离,在电喷雾离子源的正离子模式下以动态多反应监测(dynamic MRM)方式采集数据并作定性筛查和定量分析。87种药物在相应的浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99,在3个不同浓度加标水平下,平均回收率为63.7%~108.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.5%~15.2%,检出限(LOD,S/N≥3)和定量下限(LOQ,S/N≥10)分别为3~15μg/kg及10~50μg/kg。该方法灵敏、可靠,样品预处理简便、快速、价廉,适用于饲料中上述87种兽药的同时快速定性筛查和定量测定。     

液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱质谱快速筛查和确证畜禽肉及水产品中160种兽药残留

应用液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱质谱(LC-Q-Orbitrap/MS)建立了畜禽肉及水产品中磺胺类、喹诺酮类、四环素类等14类160种兽药残留快速筛查方法。均浆后的样品(猪、鸡、鱼)中加入80%(V/V)乙腈-水溶液(含0.2%(V/V)甲酸)振荡提取,Oasis PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化,在全扫描/数据依赖二级质谱扫描(Full MS/dd-MS2)模式下采集,基质匹配外标法定量。结果表明,160种兽药在0.25～100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数(R²)≥0.99,方法筛查限(SDL)和定量限(LOQ)均为0.5～20μg/kg。除敌敌畏、卡巴氧和二嗪磷回收率低于60%外,其余兽药在猪肉、鸡肉和鱼肉中1倍、 2倍和10倍定量限3个加标水平下的总体回收率为65.0%～119.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.73%～20%。方法应用于75批市售畜禽肉及水产品检测,共筛查出6类8种兽药。本方法可同时筛查畜禽肉及水产品中多种兽药残留。     

薤中新的甾体皂苷类化学成分

从薤(Allium chinense G. Don)的乙醇提取物中分离得到6个新甾体皂苷类化合物, 通过波谱数据及理化性质分析, 鉴定其分别为5α-cholano-22,16-内酯-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(1)、 6-酮-5α-cholano-22,16-内酯-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、 (25R)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-5α-呋喃甾烷-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(3)、 (25R)-6-酮-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-5α-呋喃甾烷-3β,22α,26-三醇-3-O-α-L-吡喃木糖基-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、 (25R)-6-酮-5α-呋喃甾烷-3β,22α,24β,26-四醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)和(25R)-5α-呋甾-2α,3β,22α, 26-四醇-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6). 化合物1和2的皂苷元骨架在天然产物中首次分离得到. 选用H₂O₂诱导PC12细胞神经氧化损伤模型, 初步考察了6种新的呋甾型化合物的抗氧化活性, 实验结果表明, 化合物3对由H₂O₂诱导的细胞氧化损伤有显著的保护效果.     

动物源性食品中56种兽药残留物的UPLC-MS/MS高通量分析

建立了超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定56种动物源性兽药残留物的分析方法。以乙腈-0.5%乙酸水溶液(85:15,V/V)为提取溶剂,采用固相萃取柱(Oasis PRi ME HLB)进行样品净化,通过UPLC-MS/MS分析测定,基质曲线外标法定量。方法定量限为1.0μg/kg(喹诺酮类)、1.5μg/kg(糖皮质类)、10μg/kg(磺胺类)、1.0μg/kg(β-受体激动剂类)。56种兽药残留物在牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉和奶等基质样品中回收率范围为63.2%~101.5%,基质标准工作曲线线性相关系数大于0.937,精密度RSD15%(n=3)。方法适用于动物源性食品中兽药残留物的分析。     

用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测浓缩饲料中的多种兽药残留

建立了浓缩饲料中6种喹诺酮类兽药、14种磺胺类兽药、3种硝基呋喃类兽药、6种大环内酯类兽药共29种兽药残留检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品经甲醇-乙腈(体积比1∶1)混合溶液提取,提取液经Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化,29种兽药经Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱分离,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,内标法定量。结果表明,29种兽药在0.01～5.0mg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.993;浓缩饲料中3个浓度添加水平平均回收率为61.4%～93.3%;相对标准偏差为2.62%～13.9%。     

畜禽粪便中的氟喹诺酮类与四环素类兽药残留同时提取的方法研究

实验比较了不同提取剂对养殖场畜禽粪便中喹诺酮类与四环素类6种兽药残留的提取效果,确定以EDTA-McIlvaine与50%Mg(NO3)2-2.5%NH3.H2O混合液进行提取,并考察了两种提取剂混合比例的影响。结果表明,当EDTA-McIlvaine与50%Mg(NO3)2-2.5%NH3.H2O提取剂的体积比为3∶1时,6种兽药残留的提取率为84%～92%。在此基础上,考察了不同洗脱液体积、萃取小柱的影响,优化了6种兽药残留的固相萃取纯化方法,比较了氮吹仪与旋转蒸发的浓缩方法,建立了高效毛细管电泳同时检测畜禽粪便中氟喹诺酮类与四环素类兽药残留的方法。在优化的电泳条件下,方法的线性范围为3.125～100 mg/L,6种药物的定量下限均小于0.1 mg/kg;在10.0、20.0、40.0 mg/L的加标水平下,四环素、金霉素、恩诺沙星、达氟沙星、培氟沙星、沙拉沙星的回收率为54%～93%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为6.3%～8.9%。该方法简便、快速、成本低,已成功用于合肥市周边地区畜禽粪便中兽药残留的检测。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中8类38种兽药残留

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)同时测定水产品中喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、磺胺类、磺胺增效剂、林可胺类、硝基咪唑类、喹啉类和多肽类8类共38种限用兽药残留的检测方法。试样用1%乙酸乙腈溶液提取,经冷冻离心分离和正己烷净化后,HPLC-MS/MS进行测定,基质曲线外标法定量。在电喷雾正离子模式下,以多反应监测(MRM)方式采集数据进行定性与定量分析。38种兽药在水产品中的基质溶液标准曲线线性系数(r)均大于0.99;在4个不同浓度加标水平下,平均回收率为43%～123%;日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%～26.4%,日间RSD为1.6%～28.9%;定量下限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为5～20μg/kg。方法简单、快速、可靠,可用于水产品中兽药多残留的快速筛查。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测猪肉中121种兽药

建立了QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测猪肉中 β -激动剂类、氯霉素类、阿维菌素类、磺胺类、氟喹诺酮类、硝基咪唑类、头孢类、四环素类、大环内酯类和聚醚类等10余类121种兽药的分析方法。样品经Na₂EDTA-McIlvaine缓冲溶液(pH=4)和乙腈提取,无水硫酸钠盐析,上清液分为两组,分别用不同的QuEChERS净化剂净化。使用电喷雾离子(ESI)源,在多反应监测(MRM)扫描模式下检测。5种兽药采用内标法定量,其余116种兽药采用外标法定量。121种兽药在0.02~40 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r>0.99),定量限(S/N=10)为0.05~10 μg/kg。LOQ加标水平下,121种兽药中8种兽药的回收率为41.7%~59.6%,相对标准偏差为1.7%~13.5%; 10种兽药的回收率为122.6%~163.2%,相对标准偏差为0.6%~14.8%;其余103种兽药的回收率为60.3%~118.3%,相对标准偏差为0.4%~16.7%。该方法可对性质差别大的多类别兽药同时进行分析,在节约成本和保证检测周期方面具有突出的优势。     

改进的QuEChERS结合LC-MS/MS同时测定蜂蜜中60种兽药残留

建立了同时测定蜂蜜中60种兽药残留的LC-MS/MS检测方法。蜂蜜样品采用Mcllvaine缓冲溶液(pH 4)稀释,5%乙酸乙腈提取,提取液经盐析,NH2吸附剂分散固相萃取净化,LC-MS/MS动态多反应监控模式测定。在3个添加水平下(n=6),60种兽药平均回收率在70%～120%范围内的占比分别为96.7%,98.3%和98.3%,RSD为0.6%～20%。在0.1～1000μg/kg范围内,81.7%的目标物的线性相关系数(r2)>0.995,检出限和定量限范围分别为0.01～17.99μg/kg和0.02～59.97μg/kg。对16个市售蜂蜜样品进行测定,其中5个样品中检出磺胺类、喹诺酮类、硝基咪唑类等兽药残留。该方法具有一次处理样品,可同时测定60种兽药残留的特点,适合于蜂蜜中多类兽药的高通量筛查检测。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱同时检测动物源性食品中76种兽药残留

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱(SPE-HPLC/MS)同时测定动物源性食品中76种兽药残留的检测方法。样品采用乙腈和含Mg2+的柠檬酸缓冲液进行提取,去除有机相后以缓冲液重溶,聚合物和阳离子交换固相萃取柱串联净化,用甲醇和甲醇-氨水(95∶5,V/V)分步洗脱,液相色谱-串联质谱进行测定,基质曲线外标法定量。方法的定量下限为0.5μg/kg(β-受体激动剂类和三苯甲烷类)、1.0μg/kg(苯二氮卓类和硝基咪唑类)、5.0μg/kg(苯并咪唑类)和20μg/kg(磺胺类)。76种兽药在虾、猪肉、猪肝、鸡蛋和牛奶中的基质溶液标准曲线线性相关系数(r)大于0.907,回收率在59.4%～115.3%之间,相对标准偏差在2.6%～27.3%之间。采用本方法对市场中样品进行筛选,发现2例阳性样品中含有莱克多巴胺和地西泮残留,测定值分别为0.92和6.5μg/kg。     

Solvent extraction separation of In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/ with sulphoxides

Solvent extraction studies have been made on some metals: In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/, from ammonium thiocyanate solutions by dialkyl sulphoxides. Separation of these metals from one another can be achieved by suitable choice of the extracted conditions. The nature of the extractable metal species has been elucidated.     

Synthesis of chlorobis/β-diketonato/oxotechnetium/V/ and tris/β-diketonato/technetium/III/ complexes

Chlorobis/-diketonato/ oxotechnetium/V/ complexes [TcOCl/-dik/₂, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and dibenzoylmethane] were newly synthesized using macroamount of⁹⁹Tc. These complexes were further separated into geometrical isomers. Furthermore, an improvement of the yields for the syntheses of tris/-dike-tonato/technetium/III/ complexes [Tc/-dik/₃, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone] was examined using Tc/III/-thiourea complexes as a starting material.     

Simultaneous propane dehydrogenation andco2hydrogenation overCrOx/SiO2catalyst

Summary Single reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) and dehydrogenation of propane with CO₂(DH-CO₂) reactions in the presence and absence of the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst have been studied between 673 and 873 K. It was found that the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst is active both in the dehydrogenation of propane and in the RWGS reactions. The obtained results suggest that the dehydrogenation of propane to propene in the presence of CO₂on CrO_x/SiO₂can be facilitated by the RWGS reaction.</o:p>     

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate ?from CH3OH AND CO2 by H3PW12O40/CexTi1-xO2 catalyst

Summary Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method, and applied to the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon dioxide. H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ showed a better catalytic performance than the corresponding Ce_xTi_1-xO₂, due to the bifunctional catalysis of Br?nsted acid sites (provided by H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) and base sites (provided by Ce_xTi_1-xO₂). H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_0.1Ti_0.9O₂ showed the highest catalytic performance among the H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts.     

An investigation of the promotional effect of propylene or propane traces on the activity of sulfatedPt/g-Al2O3andPt-Sn/g-Al2O3inCH4combustion

Summary A strong promoting effect of the presence of C₃H₈or C₃H₆was determined for the combustion of CH₄in excess oxygen, over pre-sulfated 1%Pt/g-Al₂O₃and pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/g-Al₂O₃catalysts.</o:p>     

LixNi0.8-yCo0.2ZnyOp的合成及电化学性能研究

A series of single-phase Li_xNi_0.8-yCo_0.2Zn_yO_p(0.96 ≤x≤ 1.10， 0 ≤y≤ 0.05， 2 ≤p≤ 2(1+y) ) (different in the y values) were synthesized by a two-step solid state reaction method， in which LiOH·H₂O， Zn-doped spherical Ni(OH)₂ and Co₂O₃ were used as the precursors. The ICP-AES analyses proved that the Zn-doped compounds synthesized had the nonstoichiometric form. The results of the XRD， SEM identified that the uniform particles of the as-prepared materials having a good layered structure were fine， narrowly distributed and well crystallized. The electrochemical performance test was carried out and the results showed that the as-prepared Zn-doped materials had not only a high capacity， but also a better cycling stability characterization than the un-doped one. The Li_1.06Ni_0.75Co_0.22Zn_0.03O_2.03 material has an initial reversible capacity as high as 160.5mAh·g^-1; and a first discharge efficiency 89.2%， and exhibits satisfactory cyclic stability with 90% retainable capacity after 50 cycles.     

Crystal structure of Na3PO4 · 12H2O

The crystal structure of trisodium monophosphate hemihydrate was determined. The space group is $\text{C2}\text{c}$ and a unit cell contains eight formula units. The unit cell dimensions of $\text{Na}{}_3\text{PO}{}_4\text{·}\text{1}\text{2}\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ are a = 9.631(3), b = 5.416(2), c = 16.938(8) Å, β = 102.60(5)°. The final R value is 0.027 for a set of 1430 independent reflections. This atomic arrangement is mainly a three-dimensional network of distorted NaO₆ octahedra. The hydrogen bonding scheme is given.     

Visible light-sensitive yellow TiO2−xNx and Fe-N co-doped Ti1−yFeyO2−xNx anatase photocatalysts

Nitrogen substituted yellow colored anatase TiO_2−xN_x and Fe-N co-doped Ti_1−yFe_yO_2−xN_x have been easily synthesized by novel hydrazine method. White anatase TiO_2−δ and N/Fe-N-doped samples are semiconducting and the presence of ESR signals at g ∼1.994-2.0025 supports the oxygen vacancy and g∼4.3 indicates Fe³⁺ in the lattice. TiO_2−xN_x has higher conductivity than TiO_2−x and Fe/Fe-N-doped anatase and the UV absorption edge of white TiO_2−x extends in the visible region in N, Fe and Fe-N co-doped TiO₂, which show, respectively, two band gaps at ∼3.25/2.63, ∼3.31/2.44 and 2.8/2.44 eV. An activation energy of ∼1.8 eV is observed in Arrhenius log resistivity vs. 1/T plots for all samples. All TiO₂ and Fe-doped TiO₂ show low 2-propanol photodegradation activity but have significant NO photodestruction capability, both in UV and visible regions, while standard Degussa P-25 is incapable in destroying NO in the visible region The mid-gap levels that these N and Fe-N-doped TiO₂ consist may cause this discrepancy in their photocatalytic activities.     

Carbon black and propylene oxidation over Ru/CoxMgyAl2Oz catalysts

The effects of Co_xMg_yAl₂O_z mixed oxides composition and ruthenium addition on the oxidation of propylene and carbon black (CB) were investigated. Different reactive cobalt and ruthenium oxide species were formed following calcination at 600 °C. The addition of ruthenium was beneficial for the CB oxidation under “loose contact” conditions and for propylene oxidation when the cobalt content was intermediate to low. The calculated activation energy for CB oxidation was decreased from 151 kJ mol⁻¹ for the uncatalyzed reaction to 111 kJ mol⁻¹ over the best catalyst.     

Structure refinement, dielectric, pyroelectric and Raman characterizations of Ba1−xLax(1−y)/2Euxy/2Nax/2TiO3 solid solution

The perovskite-type oxides Ba_1−xLa_x(1−y)/2Eu_xy/2Na_x/2TiO₃ (0?x?0.5 and xy=0.04) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction as well as dielectric measurements and Raman spectroscopy. The crystal structure of these ceramics has been determined by the Rietveld refinement powder X-ray diffraction data at room temperature. These compounds crystallize at room temperature in tetragonal space group P4mm for 0?x?0.1 and in the cubic group for 0.2?x?0.5. The phase transition temperature T_C (or T_m) decreases as x content increases. The degree of diffuseness of the phase transition is more pronounced for higher x content, implying the existence of a composition-induced diffuse phase transition of the ceramics with x?0.1. The evolution of the Raman spectra was studied as a function of various compositions at room temperature. The polarization state was checked by pyroelectric measurements.