电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定俄罗斯某地金精矿中砷的含量

采用HCl-HNO3混和酸溶解金精矿样品,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定。在选定的操作条件下,砷的检出限0.018μg/mL。相对标准偏差(n=11),RSD2%,加标回收率在98.2%～103%。用来测定金精矿中砷元素的含量,操作简单易行,能够满足日常生产需要。     

固体进样一直接测汞仪法测定金精矿粉中微量汞

将金精矿粉样品直接置于石英舟中,在高纯氧气氛中燃烧,释放出汞,与齐化管中的金形成金汞齐,于900℃热释放出汞蒸汽,用直接测汞仪法测定汞的含量。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0．28％～1．57％（n=6）,方法检出限为1．0pg／kg,加标回收率为95．7％～117．4％。用该法对4种土壤标准样品进行了测定,测定结果与标准值相符。该方法适合于金精矿粉中微量汞的测定。     

改进分光光度法快速测定锡精矿中的砷

建立了改进的分光光度法快速测定锡精矿中砷的方法,样品经过氯酸钾-硝酸-盐酸低温溶解、硫酸发烟处理,然后用盐酸溶解后澄清,取清液用分光光度法进行砷的测定。方法简便、实用、快速。经国家标准物质分析验证,测定值与标准值相符,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)为1.1%~1.4%;适用于锡精矿中0.01%以上砷的测定。     

泡沫塑料富集-原子吸收光谱法测定铅精矿中的金

主要研究了铅精矿特别是高铅矿中金的溶解、富集分离,吸附富集条件、解吸条件。通过用泡沫塑料富集,原子吸收光谱法测定铅精矿中的金,测定方法的相对标准偏差小于5%,准确度满足生产需求。泡沫塑料富集分离金操作简便,无需特殊装置,可达到分离的目的,且选择性高,在保证分析结果质量的基础上加快了分析速度、降低了分析成本。     

多谱拟合(MSF)电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定钼精矿中砷

受钼精矿基体效应及钼元素干扰等因数影响,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法无法直接应用于砷的检测。以硝酸、高氯酸分解试样,过滤去除钼酸沉淀,滤液应用ICP-OES多谱拟合(MSF)法消除残余钼对砷的光谱干扰,建立了适合钼精矿中砷的检测方法。对方法的准确度和精密度进行实验,钼精矿中砷的加标回收率为96.0%～104.7%,相对标准偏差RSD为3.4%～5.2%。实验证明,方法简化了分析流程,具有准确性和重现性均好的优点,方法检出限0.045μg/mL,满足各品级钼精矿中砷的测定。     

污水中砷(Ⅲ)和砷(Ⅴ)的选择测定

砷是污染地面水的主要有毒元素之一,有人认为砷(Ⅲ)比砷(Ⅴ)对人体的毒性更大。水中微量砷(Ⅲ)和砷(Ⅴ)的测定多用溶剂萃取或挥发分离后再用原子吸收法或原子荧光法测定,而利用锌还原及二乙基二硫代甲酸银光度法,灵敏度较低。本法以硼氢化钾作还原剂,调节pH为6—7,还原砷(Ⅲ)至砷化氢;然后加盐酸调节pH为2—3,加适量抗坏血酸还原砷(Ⅴ)为砷(Ⅲ),再加入硼氢化钾还原砷(Ⅲ)到砷化氢。两次还原得到的砷化氢用吸收瓶分别收集,以砷钼杂多酸结晶紫分光光度法直接测定。条件试验表明,在pH为6—7时,硼氢化钾只能还原砷(Ⅲ),而在pH≈1时,可以还原砷(Ⅴ),但由于酸性太强,反应速度过快,难以控制而使重现性欠佳,所以需先加入一定量的抗坏血酸还原砷(Ⅴ)到砷(Ⅲ)。本法以电磁搅拌器不断搅拌,可省去通氮气驱赶砷化氢的复杂操作及装置。水中存在的微量金     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光度法同时测定硫化矿物中的微量砷锑汞

为建立氢化物发生-原子荧光光度法同时测定铅锌原矿（主要是硫化物）、铅精矿、锌精矿中的砷、锑、汞含量的方法,探讨了试样的消解、仪器工作参数以及载流量屏蔽气流量KBH4的含量等的优化选择,作了单测与同测以及国家标准物质的对比试验,结果表明,砷、锑、汞的平均回收率分别为92．2％、104．3％、102．6％;RSD（n：6）平均值分别为1．08％、1．2％、3．4％。     

金膜电极阳极溶出伏安法测定砷

阳极溶出伏安法测定砷已有一些报道,最合适的工作电极是金电极,但金电极的制备技术要求较高,使用时电极处理也较复杂。Daris等用预镀金膜电极测定砷以及彭图治等用同电位镀金阳极溶出法在1N硫酸中测定砷都存在一些缺点。我们用同电位镀金法比较了砷在盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、高氯酸以及氯化铵等溶液中的溶出峰和重现性,在1N硝酸和高氯酸中砷的溶出峰较宽,灵敏度也较低,1N盐酸或0.5N氯化铵(pH3—4)比硫酸更     

砷斑法的改进

砷是众所周知的有毒元素,国家标准规定食品添加剂中不超过0.0002％,饲料添加剂中不超过0.0005％,砷的测定方法有多种,由于砷斑法不需要分析仪器,操作简单,在许多检测部门被广泛采用,但通常的砷斑法一般需要很长时间(6～8h),而且采用市场紧俏且昂贵的溴化汞试剂。 本文用HNO_3·H_2SO_4-H_2O_2体系消化试样,缩短了消化过程所用时间;用锥形瓶进行消化,并直接作为定砷器,简化了分析装置;用兼价易得的氯化汞代替溴化汞制得砷斑,简便、快速地测定生物样品中砷含量。 1 试剂与分析装置 砷标准溶液:1.0μg·ml~(-1)按文献[1]配制 乙酸铅棉花:取脱脂棉适量,浸入3％乙酸铅溶液中湿透,取出干燥并使疏松,贮存于具磨口塞的广口瓶中。     

原子荧光光谱法测定铅精矿中的砷量

研究了原子荧光光谱法测定铅精矿中砷的分析方法;考察了仪器条件、酸度、KBH4浓度及共存元素等对砷测定的影响。该方法适用于铅精矿中砷的测定。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.