螯合泡沫塑料分离富集贵金属的研究

采用化学键合的方式合成了含氨基硫脲的螯合泡沫塑料,研究了ＰＣＦ－Ⅲ型螯合泡沫塑料分离富集贵金属金,银、铯的各种条件,试验了３０多种离子对分离富集金、银、铯、的影响,成功地应用于复杂试样中金、银、铯的分析。     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料富集分离氢醌容量法测定矿石中金

聚氨酯泡沫塑料对金具有非常强的吸附能力,用于富集分离金具有容量大、选择性好、操作简便、成本低等优点,但采用静态吸附法条件要求严格,干扰因素多,结果偏低。本文利用活性炭吸附柱布氏漏斗装置富集分离金动态吸附法的优点,制备了泡沫塑料吸附柱布氏漏斗装置,研究了富集分离金的条件。结果表明,泡沫塑料吸附金的浓度为5—35％,吸附温度在50℃以下,抽滤时流速应小于1.25毫升/秒。以2％盐酸、2％氟化氢铵和水为淋洗液,可避免泡沫塑     

泡沫塑料动态快速分离富集金方法的研究

本文系统研究了泡沫塑料动态快速分离富集金的方法。对泡沫塑料柱的处理方法,再生及主要共存离子干扰的消除等均做了较详细的研究。提出了一种简便,不控速的金分离富集的方法。该法用于分析0.051～3.59g/t四种不同含量的金标样,结果与推荐值吻合,5次分析结果,相对标准偏差<5％,同时,可用泡沫塑料柱当天连续使用分析拿标样,回收率为93％—109％。     

分光光度法测定矿石中痕量金的分离富集方法研究 Ⅱ.泡沫塑料动态吸附

金矿石的类型复杂且金含量低,因此分离富集金的方法便是分析矿石中金的方法关键,我们在I报中研究了泡沫塑料(以下简称泡塑)静态分离富集金,并提出了以丙酮为解脱剂。丙酮不仅在常温下可有效地将金解脱,而且可直接用硫代米蚩酮显色分光光度法测定金,从而大大简化了分析手续。本文研究用泡塑柱动态分离富集金的方法,使金的分离和富集效果进一步得到改善,操作更为简捷,并有利于将分离富集过程仪器化和自动化。     

中国现代金湿法分析技术的发明与革新

回顾了中国金的分析技术的发展历程,重点论述了活性碳柱分离技术和泡沫塑料分离富集金技术的发明和革新对现代金的分析技术体系建立和发展的重要作用,阐述了微量金分析技术革新和金的活动态分析、地电化学样品分析技术的新进展。     

中国现代金的分析技术的发明与革新

回顾了中国金的分析技术的发展历程,重点论述了活性碳柱分离技术和泡沫塑料分离富集金技术的发明和革新对现代金的分析技术体系建立和发展的重要作用;阐述了纳微金分析技术革新和金的活动态分析、地电化学(泡塑)样品分析技术的新进展。     

泡沫塑料吸附硫脲解脱原子吸收法测定金

湿法分离富集金的方法很多,其中以碲共沉淀、离子交换、活性碳吸附、反相色层萃取、有机萃取等方法较为普遍。这些方法在过滤操作、环境污染及分析时间长等不同程度上存在一定的缺陷。最近有人采用泡沫塑料吸附富集金,但吸附后的金需高温灰化解脱,灰化时放出极难闻的气体,对操作人员的健康有一定的影响。我们在这一工作的基础上,将溶于王水后的金不经分离矿渣直接以泡沫塑料吸附,再以水将泡沫塑料洗     

泡沫塑料吸附分离石墨炉原子吸收测定地质样品中微量铊

地球化学样、单矿物及一些岩石样品常需分析微量铊,其含量有时小于10~(-5) ％。测定这样微量的铊尚无很好的方法。石墨炉原子吸收法灵敏度高,适于微量铊的测定,但已有方法都使用有机溶剂萃取分离,效果差。用泡沫塑料吸附方法作为一种分离富集手段,能解脱制备为水性溶液,很适合于石墨炉原子吸收分析,目前,已应用于测金、砷及稀土等。本文就聚氨醋泡沫塑料富集分离微量铊进行了研究,在含适量卤素离子(Br~-、Cl~-或F~-)的稀     

泡沫塑料对贵金属-碘化亚锡-络合物的吸附分离行为研究

本文通过泡沫塑料对贵金属-碘化亚锡络合体系富集分离的条件、性能和机理的研究,建立了一种泡沫塑料同时富集分离微量铂、钯、锗、铱、金的新体系.实验结果表明,在1.0mol/L HCl、0.6mol/L KI和0.01mol/L SnCl_2的溶液中,振荡吸附30min.各元素分配系数均在10~5以上,吸附容量(mmol/g)分别为:铂0.25、钯0.24、铑0.12、铱0.10、金0.52,回收率分别为:铂99.2％、钯98.6％、铑97.8％、铱98.0％、金97.8％.试样中贵金属采用ICP-AES、FAAS测定,该方法用于砂铂矿、废催化剂、铜阳极泥等物料中铂、钯、铑、铱、金的测定,测定结果与其它方法对照相符。本文还进行了吸附动力学研究和富集物的红外光谱分析。     

铅试金法测定铅精矿及粗铅中的金、银

本试验对铅火试金富集金、银的方法进行研究.该法中的主要干扰元素有Cu、Sb、Bi、As等.结果表明As、Sb、Cu对铅试金法测定Au、Ag基本没有影响,Bi在一定范围内干扰不明显,但当Bi的含量大于5%时对Ag的测定有明显的影响.本次试验与湿法及标准加入法相比较,重现性好、可靠性强、准确度高.本方法的主要目的是解决Ag含量大于1000g/t的铅精矿及粗铅中Au、Ag含量的测定.     

电热鼓风干燥箱解脱–火焰原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中金的含量

建立高海拔地区电热鼓风干燥箱解脱–火焰原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中的金的方法。高海拔地区由于大气压低,水的沸点低,使得泡塑吸附金的解脱率不高。为了得到准确的分析结果,采用电热鼓风干燥箱代替水浴锅来解脱泡塑吸附金,优化后的解脱条件:解脱温度为105℃,解脱时间为30 min,在此条件下金的解脱率为91.19%。金的质量浓度在0.00~10.00μg/mL范围内与其吸光度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 6,方法检出限为0.012μg/mL。测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.15%(n=7),加标回收率为96.0%~102.5%。用该方法测定国家一级标准物质,测定结果与参考值相符。该方法准确、可靠,适用于高海拔地区地质样品中金的测定。     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料吸附-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定地球化学样品中的痕量金

探讨了聚氨酯泡沫塑料的预处理、样品浓度、水洗条件、基体元素对金吸附率的影响等因素。结果表明,用泡沫塑料吸附含金量为5 ng~500μg的溶液,吸附率均在90%以上。影响聚氨酯泡沫塑料吸附率的重要条件是振荡前要用水充分浸透,水洗基体元素,矿渣宜在酸性环境下进行。铁、钛等离子可以提高吸附率,钠、钙、锌、矿渣等影响不显著,铝离子有微弱的抑制作用。ICP-MS的灵敏度与介质的雾化率有一定的相关性,应当使用硫脲介质的工作溶液作工作曲线,内标元素可用103Rh或185Re,但是对于高含量W样品,只能使用103Rh作内标。用金矿石国家标准物质做精密度与准确度验证,测定值与标准值无显著差异,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于10%,精密度能满足地球化学样品中痕量金的分析要求。     

Reversed phase foam chromatography : Separation of iron from copper,cobalt and nickel in the tri-n-butyl phosphate-hydrochloric acid system

The separation of iron from cobalt, copper and nickel by reversed-phase foam chromatography was investigated. The distribution of Fe, Co and Cu in TBP-HCl and TBP(polyurethane foam)-HCl systems was measured. Iron can be separated from the three other metals on polyether-type polyurethane foam columns loaded with TBP. The break-through curve of iron on TBP (polyurethane foam) columns was measured. The column was found suitable for the separation of ⁵⁸Co and ⁵⁹Fe isotopes.     

Removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solution. V. Comparative study of the extraction, recovery and chromatographic separation of some organic insecticides using unloaded polyurethane foam columns

The concentration of dissolved insecticides in aqueous media was determined by chromatographic separation on polyurethane foam columns. The results of preliminary screening tests on the removal of insecticides by the unloaded polyurethane foam indicated that a reasonable percentage of the insecticides was retained on the foam. Therefore attempts were made to extract these compounds from aqueous media using foam columns. Various parameters affecting the retention and separation of these compounds were studied, including temperature, flow-rate, pH, insecticide concentration, shaking time, sample volume and eluting solvent. The complete separation and quantitative recovery of these compounds from the foam with acetone in a Soxhlet extractor were achieved. The method can be used to preconcentrate insecticides in tap water and modified to determine dissolved insecticides in industrial and natural waters. Polyurethane foam has a good capacity for use when large volume samples need to be handled and is an inexpensive sorbent compared to other known solid sorbents.     

The retention behaviour and separation of some water-soluble organophosphorus insecticides on polyester-based polyurethane foams

This paper reports the concentration of some dissolved organic phosphorus insecticides in water by open-cell polyurethane foam. The results of preliminary screening tests on the retention of the tested insecticides (Diazinon, Malathion and Chloropyrifos) by polyester foams indicated that a very high percent removal of the insecticides was obtained. The retention rate was fast and reaches equilibrium in a few minutes. The various parameters affecting the preconcentration of the tested insecticides by unloaded foam, e.g. pH, extraction media, shaking time, salt effect, flow rate, temperature and sample volumes have been optimized via the static mode of separation. The unloaded foams were employed in columns for the retention and recovery of the tested species. The sorption efficiency and the recovery of the tested compounds by the unloaded foam column were found to be up to 95.5%. The equivalent to a theoretical plate by the unloaded foam was found in the range 1.12 - 1.32 +/- 0.2 mm. The sorption mechanism of the tested species by the foam is discussed. The separation of some of the tested species in a mixture was achieved. The foam membrane offers unique advantages over conventional bulk-type granular sorbents and solvent extraction in offering high flow rates, rapid, versatile, effective separation and preconcentration of different species from aqueous samples. The foam provides the advantages of being, insoluble, easily separable and non-polluting, as well as inexpensive.     

Pulsating column separation and preconcentration of radioiodine on hydrophobic organic reagent loaded resilient open-cell polyurethane foam

The method is based on the resiliency of the open-cell polyurethane foam filling used in a pulsing bed column. A liquid anion exchanger containing I₂ has been used as a hydrophobic organic phase immobilized in the polyurethane foam matrix. Forced flow of the mobile phase during successive pulsing of the column bed results in high preconcentration factors with practically quantitative separation yields. The pulsated column technique may also be conveniently automated. It can be utilized most advantageously for the rapid determination of low activity radioiodine in environmental waters mainly in routine field analysis.