红茶、绿茶和乌龙茶多糖及多酚对DNA的保护作用研究

用溴化乙锭(EB)作为荧光探针研究了各种茶叶多糖、多酚类化合物对DNA的保护作用.测定了龙井、普耳茶、乌龙茶等8种茶叶中多糖和多酚类提取物存在下DNA与EB混合液的荧光积分强度,并把不同茶叶与DNA相互作用的常数定义为结合常数D,根据D的大小讨论了多糖及多酚类化合物的存在DNA保护作用的影响.结果表明,8种茶叶与DNA...     

褐藻多糖铈配合物对质粒DNA及牛血清白蛋白的裂解作用

以褐藻糖胶、褐藻酸及褐藻演粉为配体，分别与四价的铈（Ce^4 ）结合，形成了水溶性的褐藻多糖铈配合物，在生理中性条件下，它们对牛血清白蛋白（BSA）均有一定的裂解作用，但对质粒DNA（Plasmide DNA）仅有褐藻淀粉铈配合物有非常明显的裂解作用。     

痕量铈的催化动力学光度法测定

基于pH 9．0的氨水-氯化铵缓冲溶液中,痕量铈(Ⅳ)对溴酸钾氧化溴甲酚紫褪色的指示反应有明显的催化作用。据此建立了痕量铈(IV)的光度测定法,铈量在0～4．0μg·L-1间与△A值间呈线性关系,检出限为0．092μg·L-1。用于测定人发、茶叶和大米样品中痕量铈(IV),结果的相对标准偏差在3．6％～5．4％之间,回收率在96％～103％之间。     

流动注射化学发光法测定氧乐果

基于氧乐果的水解反应和巯基化合物一铈(Ⅳ)的化学发光反应,以罗丹明B作为增敏剂,建立了痕量氧乐果的流动注射．化学发光分析方法。该方法的线性范围和检出限分别为0．04～14．00mg／L和0．02mg／L,相对标准偏差(n=11,ρ=1．00mg／L)为0．9％。该方法已用于废水水样的分析。     

30％毒死蜱微乳剂在甘蓝及土壤中的残留动态研究

利用气相色谱（配FPD检测器）分析测定了30％毒死蜱微乳剂在甘蓝和土壤中的残留消解动态和最终残留量。毒死蜱色谱峰面积与质量浓度在0．01～0．5mg／L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数,为0．9992。甘蓝和土壤中毒死蜱的最低检出浓度均为0．005mg／kg,在0．01,0．02,0．1mg／kg3个添加水平下,甘蓝及土壤中毒死蜱的平均回收率分别为80．1％～96．4％和82．1％-98．7％,变异系数分别为1．2％～5．0％和2．5％-3-3％（n=10）。残留消解动态的结果表明：毒死蜱在甘蓝中的半衰期为5．8～10．5d,在土壤中的半衰期为8．0～10．5d。毒死蜱在收获期甘蓝及土壤中最终残留量均低于我国规定的限量值（1．0mg／kg）。     

茶多糖的提取纯化及其药理作用的研究进展

对茶多糖(TPS)的提取、分离纯化、药理作用等方面的研究进展进行了综述,对(TPS)的降血糖、防治糖尿病,以及降血脂、抗动脉粥样硬化、降血压、抗凝血、抗血栓、防治心血管疾病等作用作了评述。     

顺序注射-化学发光法测定环境水样中痕量乐果

基于在盐酸溶液中,乐果在氢氧化钠介质中的水解产物被铈(Ⅳ)氧化而产生强烈的化学发光,并结合应用顺序注射技术,提出了SI-CL法测定环境水样中痕量乐果的方法。采用三区带进样模式,将试剂按以下方式组合:(a)0.3mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液与8g·L-1 HPC溶液混合,(b)水样及(c)0.035mol·L-1硫酸铈铵溶液与1.2mol·L-1盐酸溶液混合。其进样体积依次为(a)200μL,(b)200μL和(c)80μL。化学发光强度与乐果的质量浓度在1~100μg·L-1和100~800μg·L-1两个范围内呈线性关系。检出限(3σ)为0.17μg·L-1。回收率在85.7%~119%之间。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中7种有机磷类农药残留物

使用高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(LC-MS/MS)同时测定水产品中的敌百虫(Dipterex)、敌敌畏(Dichlorvos)、蝇毒磷(Coumaphos)、乙酰甲胺磷(Acephote)、甲胺磷(Methamidophos)、毒死蜱(Chlorpyrifos)、乐果(Dimethoate)等7种有机磷类药物的残留量.采用酸化的乙酸乙酯提取均质后的样品,提取液过酸性氧化铝柱净化去脂,经(LC/MS/MS)电喷雾电离(ESI)源,正离子多反应检测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量.敌百虫、敌敌畏、蝇毒磷、乙酰甲胺磷、甲胺磷、毒死蜱、乐果检出限均可达到10 μg/kg,在添加浓度10～200 μg/kg之间线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均>0.9990,对于10、15、20 μg/kg水平添加回收率范围在72.9%～106%之间,相对标准偏差(RSDs)范围在1.89%～11.6%之间.     

超临界流体萃取气相色谱法测定鱼肉中的毒死蜱残留

建立了利用离线超临界CO2萃取气相色谱(SFE-GC)测定鱼肌肉中毒死蜱残留量的分析方法。超临界CO2萃取鱼肌肉中毒死蜱的适宜条件为：温度100℃,压力41．370MPa,CO2流量为1mL／min,动态萃取30min,静态萃取时间15min,调节剂甲醇(添加量0．5mL),收集液丙酮。最小检出量为0．01ng;添加回收率为77.3％～105．1％;相对标准偏差(RSD)为2．4％～15．4％,符合残留分析要求。全程分析时间小于2h。     

茶叶中联苯菊酯、毒死蜱残留量的测定能力验证分析

介绍了组织全国多个行业102家实验室参加茶叶中联苯菊酯、毒死蜱残留量的测定能力验证的情况.选用自然基体测试样品,分别采用F检验和t检验法检验样本的均匀性和稳定性,采用稳健统计技术对试验结果进行了分析.时残留量测定的关键技术进行了讨论.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.