气相色谱法测定毛豆中一些残留杀虫剂

提出了用气相色谱法测定毛豆中3种残留杀虫剂(氟虫腈、溴虫腈及茚虫威)的灵敏方法.用正己烷一丙酮(1 1)的混合溶液将样品中3种杀虫剂萃取分离.分取所得萃取液2 mL两份,分别用所提出的两组不同SPE微柱和两种不同的混合溶剂进行纯化和淋洗处理.一种处理所得溶液供测定氟虫腈及溴虫腈之用,另一种处理所得溶液供测定茚虫威之用.在气相色谱分析中采用HP-5毛细管色谱柱(30 m×320 mm,0.25 μm),微池电子捕获检测器和外标法定量.对方法的回收率及精密度作了试验,测得回收率在64.3%～92.8%之问,相对标准偏差(n-5)在5.3%～10.8%之间.此方法对3种杀虫剂的测定下限(10S/N)依次为0.5,0.5及2.5μg·kg-1.     

一次性滴管辅助的分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法快速测定环境水样中的氟虫腈及其代谢产物北大核心CSCD

本研究建立了一种基于一次性滴管辅助的分散液液微萃取结合气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)测定水中氟虫腈及其代谢产物的新方法。实验优化了一系列影响富集效率的参数,包括萃取剂种类和体积、分散剂的种类和体积、离子强度等。在优化的萃取条件下,4种目标分析物氟甲腈、氟虫腈亚砜、氟虫腈、氟虫腈砜的富集倍数在132~196之间,在20~10000 ng/L的浓度范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数(r^(2))大于0.999,检出限在2.6~4.6 ng/L之间,定量限在8~15 ng/L之间。在加标量为0.1 ng/mL的浓度水平下,4种目标分析物回收率在85.8%~110.8%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)小于8.0%。本方法前处理时间短,富集效率高,经济环保,为环境水样中氟虫腈及其代谢产物的测定提供了一种新选择。     

气相色谱法分析甘蓝及其土壤中的烯啶虫胺残留

建立了气相色谱测定甘蓝植株和土壤中烯啶虫胺残留量的分析方法。样品采用丙酮-水(4:1, v/v)进行提取,经弗罗里硅土柱净化,用电子捕获检测器进行测定。实验结果表明,添加水平为0.02～2.00 mg/kg时,烯啶虫胺在甘蓝植株和土壤中的平均回收率分别为88.73%～94.13%和90.82%～96.27%,相对标准偏差分别为3.09%～7.39%和2.01%～4.92%;方法的最低检出限为0.02 mg/kg。该方法快速简便、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于环境系统中烯啶虫胺残留量的检测分析。     

高效液相色谱法检测噻虫嗪-氟虫腈悬浮剂

采用高效液相色谱法测定农药复合制荆120 g/L噻虫嗪-60 g/L氟虫腈悬浮荆.采用ODS C18反相色谱柱(150 mm×4. 6 mm i. d. ,5μm),乙腈一水(体积比为4∶6)为流动相,用紫外检测器在240 nm波长下,对试样中的噻虫嗪和氟虫腈进行分离和定量检测.噻虫嗪、氟虫腈的平均回收率分别为99. 0%～102. 0%、96. 0%～104. 0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0. 5%、1. 6%(n=6).     

烟草中啶虫脒残留量的测定

建立了烟草中啶虫脒残留量的气相色谱检测方法.样品采用乙腈提取,经弗罗里硅土层析柱净化,用环己烷-异丙醇(体积比为9∶1)溶液淋洗,用电子捕获检测器进行测定.结果表明,该方法的回收率为82.8%～100.3%,相对标准偏差小于5%(n=5),检出限为0.18 μg/g.该法适合于烟草中啶虫脒残留量的检测.     

气相色谱-电子轰击源质谱法测定茶叶中氟虫腈残留量

建立了茶叶中氟虫腈残留量快速测定的气相色谱-电子轰击源质谱法。茶叶中的氟虫腈用正己烷-丙酮(7:3,V/V)混合液提取,经石墨化碳黑固相萃取小柱净化后,用正己烷-丙酮(9:1,V/V)混合液洗脱,浓缩定容后,用气相色谱-电子轰击源质谱法测定,外标法定量。结果表明,目标物质在0.001~0.040 mg/L范围内的线性关系良好;空白样品在0.002~0.010 mg/L范围三水平加标回收实验的平均回收率在96.6%~114.2%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.9%~4.4%;方法的定量限为0.001 mg/kg。该方法能满足茶叶中氟虫腈残留量0.002 mg/kg的检测要求。     

顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定水中碘化物

在酸性条件下水中的碘化物可被重铬酸钾氧化成I2,I2与丁酮反应又生成3-碘-2-丁酮。本文根据3-碘-2-丁酮易挥发的特性,采用顶空进样技术,结合毛细管气相色谱法(CGC)分离-微池电子捕获检测器(μ-ECD)检测,建立了一种测定水中碘化物的方法。该方法操作简捷,检测限低,线性范围宽,结果令人满意。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测定土壤中三种有机磷农药和除草剂莠去津

提出了气相色谱法测定土壤中莠去津和3种有机磷农药敌敌畏、甲拌磷和乐果的含量的方法。样品经粉碎后用丙酮-二氯甲烷(1+1)混合溶剂经加速溶剂萃取仪在60℃静态萃取10min。采用Rtx-1701色谱柱分离,火焰光度检测器测定3种有机磷农药;采用Rtx-CLP II色谱柱分离,电子捕获检测器测定莠去津。结果表明:加速溶剂萃取比超声提取法处理样品的回收率高。敌敌畏、甲拌磷、乐果和莠去津的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.08,0.07,0.09,0.40μg.kg-1。以空白土壤样品为基体,进行加标回收试验,回收率在82.0%～106.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)在10.5%～16.9%之间。     

固相萃取/气相色谱法测定禽蛋中19种农药残留

建立了QuEChERS及固相萃取净化技术结合气相色谱法测定禽蛋中19种农药(联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯、敌敌畏、甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、二嗪磷、乐果、甲基嘧啶磷、毒死蜱、杀螟硫磷、丙溴磷、氟虫腈、氟甲腈、氟虫腈硫醚及氟虫腈砜)残留的分析方法。蛋液样品经乙腈及QuEChERS提取盐包提取后,采用石墨化碳黑(GCB)吸附剂和十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶(C_(18))SPE小柱净化,以Agilent DB-1701(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25μm)毛细管色谱柱分离,在气相色谱火焰光度检测器(Flame photometric detector,FPD)及电子捕获检测器(Electron capture detector,ECD)上检测,外标法定量。结果显示,19种农药在各自线性浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)均不小于0.999 3;在低、中、高3个加标水平下的回收率为78.6%～105%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.6%～9.3%,检出限(LOD,S/N=3)为0.138～8.33μg/kg,定量下限(LOQ,S/N=10)为0.461～27.8μg/kg。该方法操作简便、分离效果好、可靠稳定,可满足禽蛋中多种农药残留的检测要求。     

加速溶剂提取-气相色谱法测定土壤中3种有机磷和9种有机氯农药

提出了气相色谱法测定土壤中3种有机磷和9种有机氯农药含量的方法。样品经粉碎后用正己烷-丙酮(1+1)混合溶剂经加速溶剂萃取仪在60℃静态萃取10min。采用Rtx-1701色谱柱分离,火焰光度检测器测定3种有机磷农药;采用Rtx-CLPⅡ色谱柱分离,电子捕获检测器测定9种有机氯农药。12种有机农药的质量浓度均在5.0～80μg·L-1范围内呈线性,方法的检出限(3s)在0.02～0.40μg·kg-1之间。以空白石英砂样品为基体,进行加标回收试验,回收率在78.5%～108%之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)在4.2%～9.9%之间。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。