分散固相萃取-气相色谱/串联质谱法测定竹笋中38种持久性有机污染物

建立了同时测定竹笋中9种多环芳烃(PCBs)、16种多氯联苯(PAHs)和13种有机氯农药(OCPs)的分散固相萃取-气相色谱法-串联质谱(DSPE-GC-MS/MS)分析方法。竹笋样品经乙腈提取,以无水MgSO_4、弗罗里硅土和十八烷基键合硅胶吸附剂(C18)作为分散固相萃取净化剂净化,经气相色谱-串联质谱测定,外标法定量。结果表明,方法实现了对38种持久性有机化合物的分离和定量,分析物含量在2~1000μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数在0.9960~0.9998之间;方法检出限范围0.035~5.55μg/kg;38种持久性有机污染物在低、中、高添加浓度下的平均加标回收率为67.6%~113.6%,相对标准偏差为1.7%~9.5%。方法可对竹笋样品中38种持久性有机污染物定性和定量。     

气相色谱-双柱双电子捕获检测器测定鱼肉中的有机氯农药

采用气相色谱-双柱双电子捕获检测器(ECD)测定鱼肉样品中的10种有机氯农药(六氯苯、α-六六六、β-六六六、γ-六六六、δ-六六六、七氯、p,p′-DDE、o,p′-DDT、p,p′-DDD和p,p′-DDT)。样品经正己烷振荡提取后,提取液经自制酸性硅胶柱净化,采用DB-35MS和DB-5毛细管色谱柱进行双柱双ECD分析。10种有机氯农药的线性范围均为5.0~250μg·L~(-1),检出限(3.143s)在0.2~1.2μg·kg~(-1)之间。加标回收率在85.7%~121%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)不大于16%。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定饮用水中的萘、联苯、蒽

建立了测定饮用水中萘、联苯、蒽的气相色谱-质谱方法。水中的萘、联苯、蒽被二氯甲烷萃取,萃取液浓缩后进行气相色谱-质谱分析,以峰面积外标法定量。萘、联苯、蒽的线性范围分别为0.001512μg/L、0.001~8μg/L和0.001~8μg/L。萘、联苯、蒽的线性相关系数均在0.999以上,低、高浓度样品的加标回收率为89.2%~98.5%,相对标准偏差为4.5%~8.7%。萘、联苯、蒽的最低检出浓度分别为0.0002、0.0001、0.0001μg/L。该法适合于饮用水中萘、联苯、蒽的测定。     

磁性氮掺杂石墨烯固相萃取环境水样中的4种有机氯污染物

采用化学共沉淀法成功合成了磁性氮掺杂石墨烯纳米材料, 对其吸附性能进行了初步探讨.此磁性纳米材料对对氯间二甲苯酚的吸附不局限于均匀的单分子层吸附,吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型.将其作为磁性固相吸附剂,通过对吸附剂用量、超声萃取时间、水样pH值、上样体积等条件的优化,建立了超声辅助磁性固相萃取-气相色谱/串联质谱同时测定环境水样中的三氯生(TCS)、对氯间二甲苯酚(PCMX)、六氯苯(HCB)和2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-六氯联苯(PCB-153) 4种有机氯污染物的方法. 在优化条件下,将6.0 mg Fe3O4/N-G分散于100 mL水样中,调节水样至pH 5,超声萃取15 s,磁性分离,3 mL乙醇和2 mL二氯甲烷分步洗脱,洗脱液氮吹定容,进行气相色谱-质谱联用分析.4种有机污染物在0.1~10 μg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9983~0.9999,检出限(S/N=3)和定量限(S/N=10)分别为0.05~0.6 ng/L和0.4~2.4 ng/L,3个加标浓度水平的回收率为68.3%~103.4%,日内、日间测定的相对标准偏差分别为3.3%~6.9%和3.4%~9.4%(n=6).本方法简单方便,易于操作,适用于环境水样中有机氯污染物的检测.     

超声辅助萃取-分散液液微萃取/气相色谱法测定环境水样中六氯苯、林丹及硫丹

建立了超声辅助萃取(UAE)-分散液液微萃取(DLLME)/气相色谱法测定环境水样中六氯苯、林丹和硫丹,并对影响萃取和富集效率的因素进行了优化。在最优条件下,六氯苯、林丹及α-硫丹的线性范围为1.0~1 000μg/L,检出限分别为0.47、0.39及0.63μg/L;β-硫丹线性范围为5.0~1 000μg/L,检出限为2.44μg/L;相对标准偏差(RSDs)为8.3%~11.7%(n=7)。用该方法对环境水样中的六氯苯、林丹及硫丹进行了分析,自来水、灌溉水、湖水样的平加标回收率分别为94.2%~100.4%、89.4%~99.4%和69.6%~96.3%。     

固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定儿童手推车中3种有机磷酸酯阻燃剂

有机磷酸酯是一类重要的磷系阻燃剂,由于其具有类似持久性有机污染物(persistent organic pollutants, POPs)的性质,欧美等国家已纷纷设立相关法规限制其在儿童用品中的使用。目前国际和国内均未有儿童手推车中有机磷酸酯阻燃剂的检测标准。本文建立了儿童手推车中3种有机磷酸酯阻燃剂的超声萃取-弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化-气相色谱/质谱检测方法。该方法的加标回收率为89.5%~107.3%,检出限(3S/N)为0.01 mg/kg,定量限(10S/N)为0.1 mg/kg,能较好地排除基质干扰,适用于儿童手推车软垫材料中3种有机磷酸酯的定性和定量分析。37个样品的分析结果表明,磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯(TCPP)的检出率为81.1%,含量范围为1.0~15312.8 mg/kg,依据欧盟玩具新指令2014/79/EU, TCPP超标(> 5 mg/kg)率为32.4%;其中2个样品中还检出了磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP)和磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯(TDCP),含量范围为6.2~44.1 mg/kg,均已超标。可见,市场上的儿童手推车存在较高的有机磷酸酯阻燃剂暴露风险。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱法测定儿童玩具中氯系有机磷酯类阻燃剂

建立了超声辅助萃取技术提取,高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术同时测定玩具中三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯、三(1,3-二氯丙基)磷酸酯和磷酸三氯丙酯3种氯系有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂的分析方法,并考察了萃取溶剂、萃取时间和不同流动相对实验体系的影响。结果表明,以丙酮为萃取溶剂,萃取时间为25 min,水(含0.05%甲酸)-乙腈为流动相,利用SIM模式定量分析时,三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯、三(1,3-二氯丙基)磷酸酯和磷酸三氯丙酯的浓度分别在1.0~500、10~500、10~500μg/L范围内与峰面积成正比,相关系数大于0.997,其定量下限分别为0.5、8.0、6.0μg/kg。加标回收率为83.4%~98.9%,相对标准偏差为4.0%~7.7%。该方法简单、灵敏、准确,可用于市售塑料和毛绒儿童玩具样品的测定。     

超声提取/气相色谱-质谱法测定海洋生物中的多环芳烃

建立了海洋生物体中16种优先控制多环芳烃的超声提取/气相色谱-质谱测定方法,对海洋鱼类、虾类、贝类和蟹类等生物样品的提取、净化和色谱质谱条件进行了优化。以正己烷-二氯甲烷(2∶1)作为溶剂进行超声提取,提取液经60%硫酸溶液和中性氧化铝-弗罗里硅土混合层析柱净化,采用气相色谱-质谱法定性和定量分析。在优化条件下,16种多环芳烃的线性范围为0.005～0.500 mg/L,相关系数(r)不低于0.998 4,检出限为0.03～0.28μg/kg。加标水平为2、20、100μg/kg时,平均加标回收率分别为55%～118%、80%～114%和79%～113%,相对标准偏差(RSDs,n=6)均小于10%。该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高、重复性好,能满足海洋生物体中持久性有机污染物分析的要求。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定水产品中19种氯代酚及其钠盐

建立了用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法测定水产品中19种氯代酚及其钠盐的分析方法。试样用H_2SO_4消解后,用环己烷-乙酸乙酯提取酸解液中的氯代酚,利用酚类易溶于稀碱溶液的性质,将氯代酚提取到稀碱液中,调稀碱液pH至微酸性,用二氯甲烷-正己烷溶液萃取,无水Na_2SO_4脱水,浓缩定容并硅烷化衍生后,用GC-MS仪EI源选择离子模式检测,氘代4-氯-3-甲基酚(PCMC-d_2)和氘代2,4,6-三溴苯酚(2,4,6-TBP-d_2)为内标,内标法定量。氯代酚在2.0~70.0μg/L范围内,其浓度和峰面积呈良好的线性相关(r≥0.999);水产品中添加量为1.00μg/kg、2.00μg/kg、3.00μg/kg和7.00μg/kg时,回收率一氯酚(MCP)为55.2%~88.8%,二氯酚(DCP)为63.0%~114%,三氯酚(TCP)为76.0%~116%、四氯酚(TeCP)为78%~125%,五氯酚(PCP)为83.2%~104%;方法检出限在0.2~0.4μg/kg之间。     

加速溶剂萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱测定底泥中氯硝柳胺及其降解产物

建立了加速溶剂萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱分析底泥中氯硝柳胺及其降解产物(5-氯水杨酸和2-氯-4-硝基苯胺)的方法。以中性氧化铝作为池内吸附材料,集提取和净化于一步,乙腈-水(3∶1,体积比)作为萃取溶剂,优化了温度和静态萃取时间等参数。在优化条件下,氯硝及其降解产物在0.1~20.0μg/L范围内有良好线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.999。方法的检出限和定量下限分别为0.04~0.1μg/kg和0.2~0.5μg/kg。用于底泥中氯硝柳胺及其降解产物的分析,在0.5、1.0、2.0μg/kg加标水平下,平均加标回收率为93.5%~101.9%,相对标准偏差为3.7%~6.7%。该方法简便,灵敏度高,重现性好,可应用于实际样品分析。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.