3,4-二氨基苯基苯甲酮在基质辅助激光解析离子化质谱分析磷脂中的应用

考察了3,4-二氨基苯基苯甲酮(DABP)作为基质辅助激光解吸离子化飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)新型基质分析磷脂的能力.与传统基质2,4,6-三羟基苯乙酮(THAP)、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(DHB)、α-氰基-4-羟基肉桂酸(CHCA)相比,用优化后的DABP基质溶液体系McOH-H2O-HCI(80:20...     

色胺修饰竹红菌素及其稀土离子配位聚合物与DNA相互作用研究

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱、圆二色谱(CD)等方法研究了色胺修饰竹红菌素(DTrpHA)及其稀土离子配位聚合物(Y³⁺-DTrpHA, La³⁺-DTrpHA)与小牛胸腺DNA (CT DNA)和G-四链体22AG的相互作用.结果表明, DTrpHA及其配位聚合物中的色胺基团和竹红菌素基团均参与和双链CT DNA的作用,作用方式主要为沟槽作用.与G-四链体DNA作用后, DTrpHA及其配位聚合物中的色胺基团均具有较大的减色效应(> 45%)和峰位红移(≥ 4 nm),说明色胺基团与G-四链体采用外部堆积作用方式结合;而竹红菌素基团的减色效应相对较小且无明显峰位变化,表明竹红菌素基团采用非特异性作用方式与G-四链体的环区碱基或糖-磷酸骨架结合. G-四链体22AG的构象主要为分子内反平行结构,加入DTrpHA及其配位聚合物对G-四链体22AG的构象影响较小. Y³⁺-DTrpHA比DTrpHA和La³⁺-DTrpHA与G-四链体具有更强的相互作用. Y³⁺-DTrpHA使得CT DNA的熔解温度(T_m)上升了仅1.9 ℃,而使G-四链体的熔解温度上升了13.1 ℃.荧光嵌插剂置换实验 (FID)结果表明, Y³⁺-DTrpHA对G-四链体具有良好亲和性,具有较小的^G4DC₅₀值(使噻唑橙/G-四链体体系荧光下降50%所需配体或配合物的浓度)和较高的G-四链体选择性.     

Loop长度对G-四链体DNA识别和结合肿瘤细胞的能力的影响

G-四链体是由富含鸟嘌呤(G)的核酸通过π-π堆积形成的核酸二级结构。前期研究发现,G-四链体DNA对肿瘤细胞具有普遍识别和结合能力,且具有如抗肿瘤增殖等生物学活性,但G-四链体DNA的结构对其识别和结合肿瘤细胞的能力的影响还未见报道。本文采用圆二色光谱和凝胶电泳对不同连接环(loop)长度G-四链体DNA的结构和稳定性进行了研究,利用流式细胞术和激光共聚焦显微成像技术,研究了G-四链体DNA的连接环(loop)长度在其与肿瘤细胞结合中的作用。结果表明,loop长度越短的G-四链体DNA越易形成平行结构,识别和结合肿瘤细胞的能力越强,也更容易被细胞摄取;loop长度长的G-四链体DNA倾向于形成混合平行结构,这类G-四链体DNA识别和结合肿瘤细胞的能力较弱。     

连接环、末端碱基及一价阳离子对G-四链体结构的影响

研究了G-四链体中的连接环(Loop)、末端碱基和一价阳离子对其结构的影响,发现在K+溶液中Loop短的序列易形成平行结构,无末端碱基时容易形成多聚体,而反平行或混合平行/反平行的G-四链体则难以形成多聚体;一价阳离子K+,NH+4和Na+促进形成平行结构及多聚体的能力依次减弱.在平行G-四链体的3’或5’端增加非G碱基,或改变阳离子使其形成非平行结构,均可抑制多聚体的形成.Loop长度影响G-四链体的热稳定性,Loop短的序列可形成很稳定的分子内结构;无末端碱基的G-四链体多聚体的稳定性低于单个G-四链体,且多聚体随着温度升高而变小.结果表明,在K+溶液中,无末端碱基的平行G-四链体序列首先形成分子内结构,然后通过π-π堆积形成多聚体;末端碱基及反平行或混合平行/反平行G-四链体中的Loop可阻碍末端堆积作用,抑制多聚体的形成.本研究为G-四链体的结构与功能研究提供了有用信息.     

炔基配体对2, 6-双(N-乙基苯并咪唑)吡啶炔基铂(Ⅱ)配合物与G-四链体作用及抗癌活性的影响

合成了三种2, 6-双(N-乙基苯并咪唑)吡啶炔基铂(Ⅱ)配合物(2-4),其中配合物2的炔基配体为抗癌药物埃罗替尼.利用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱,圆二色(CD)光谱,荧光共振能量转移(FRET)等方法研究了铂(Ⅱ)配合物与人体端粒(Hetelo)和c-myc原癌基因(c-myc)G-四链体的相互作用.实验结果表明,所合成的铂配合物与G-四链体具有较强的相互作用(K_a > 10⁶ L·mol^-1),在无碱金属离子存在条件下能诱导G-四链体的形成.含苯乙炔基团的配合物2、3能使c-myc G-四链体的熔解温度上升24 ℃以上,而含丙炔基团的铂配合物4仅使c-mycG-四链体的熔解温度升高9.0 ℃,表明炔基结构对铂(Ⅱ)配合物与G-四连体的作用有较大影响.配合物2对人肺癌细胞A549的细胞毒性明显高于埃罗替尼及其他两种配合物3、4.     

高选择性端粒G-四链体稳定性配体:9-O-多胺取代小檗碱衍生物的合成及活性评价

设计合成了3个多胺取代的小檗碱衍生物5a~5c, 并利用圆二色(CD)光谱、 荧光共振能量转移(FRET)熔点实验、 荧光光谱和聚合酶链反应(PCR)终止实验等手段研究了小檗碱衍生物5a~5c与端粒DNA的相互作用. 结果表明, 小檗碱衍生物5a~5c可以诱导端粒DNA序列形成反平行结构G-四链体, 显著地提高了端粒G-四链体的稳定性, 有效地抑制了端粒的扩增; 而与双链DNA的相互作用则很小, 是高选择性的端粒G-四链体配体.     

电喷雾质谱法研究天然产物小分子识别人类端粒G-四链体及复合物的热稳定性

利用电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)研究了12种天然产物小分子与人类端粒G-四链体结构的非共价相互作用和识别功能, 比较了不同小分子与人类端粒G-四链体的结合强弱, 发现了一种新的识别小分子——防己诺林碱对人类端粒G-四链体有很好的结合. 通过质谱升温实验比较了小分子结合对G-四链体热稳定性的影响, 防己诺林碱的结合使G-四链体的离子的解离温度(T1/2)上升到200 ℃. 利用分子模拟对G-四链体DNA与小分子结合的模式以及稳定性进行了探讨, 给出了防己诺林碱可能的结合位点和结合模式, Autodock计算出来的结合能约为-31.5 kJ·mol-1. 同原来的平面型分子不同, 防己诺林碱是一类新型结构的分子, 为设计合成新型G-四链体识别分子提供了新的结构模型.     

人体端粒中(3+1)混合结构G-四链体稳定性的分子动力学模拟

利用分子动力学模拟方法, 考察了人体端粒中(3+1)混合结构G-四链体的结构及稳定性问题. 讨论了配位K+离子、药物分子(端粒抑素)和溶剂水分子对G-四链体的Hoogsteen氢键结构、π-π堆积作用的影响. 研究表明, K+离子与鸟嘌呤碱基上O6原子的配位作用减弱了对角鸟嘌呤间O6-O6的静电排斥作用, 使得相邻的四个鸟嘌呤能够以Hoogsteen氢键结合的方式形成具有近平面结构的稳定G-四平面. 另一方面, G-四平面间、G-四平面与药物分子间的π-π堆积作用降低了G-四链体复合物的总能, 有利于其稳定存在. 此外, 溶剂水分子主要分布在G-四链体的TTA环、骨架和糖环的周围, 使其位移涨落增大; 然而, 在3 ns动力学模拟中, 由于水分子没有进入到G-四链体的空腔中, 溶剂水对G-四平面的结构影响不明显.     

双氢杨梅素与G-四链体的相互作用研究

双氢杨梅素(DMY)是从药用植物——广西藤茶中提取出来的一种含量极高的二氢黄酮醇类化合物, 具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、调节血糖等作用, 但其抗肿瘤机理尚不清楚. 本文利用T_m值和CD光谱对G-四链体进行了表征, 利用电子吸收光谱和竞争性结合实验研究了DMY与G-四链体的相互作用. 结果显示DMY是通过外部堆积结合到G-四链体, 并通过稳定G-四链体结构而抑制端粒酶活性, 起到抗肿瘤的作用.     

三联吡啶-萘酰亚胺二元化合物的合成及其与DNA的相互作用

本文合成了两种三联吡啶修饰的萘酰亚胺化合物NPI1和NPI2,并利用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、圆二色光谱(CD)、荧光共振能量转移(FRET)等方法研究了它们与双链CT DNA和Htelo G-四链体DNA的相互作用。实验结果表明,化合物NPI1和NPI2对G-四链体DNA具有很好的结合能力和选择性,溶液中的碱金属离子种类和萘酰亚胺基团上的取代基对NPI1和NPI2与DNA的作用有很大的影响。在含K+的缓冲液中,NPI2与G-四链体的结合常数达到1.06×108 L/mol,是与双链CT DNA结合常数的268倍。圆二色谱结果表明在不含碱金属离子的溶液中,NPI1和NPI2可诱导Htelo DNA形成反平行结构G-四链体。Autodock分子对接模拟表明NPI1和NPI2可以通过堆积作用、静电作用、氢键等作用方式与G-四链体结合,使得它们对G-四链体具有很高亲和性(Ka>107 L/mol)。     

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry investigations of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) produced by monoacylphosphine oxide photoinitiation

The chain-end-group composition was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analyses of low-molecular-weight polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) produced by free-radical polymerization with a monoacylphosphine oxide, (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide (TPO), as a photoinitiator. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) fractionation of the PS and PMMA samples with initial polydispersities of 1.81 and 2.81, respectively, yielded improved MALDI-TOF MS spectra. Spectral analyses of the PS fractions showed distributions attributable to PS having two diphenylphosphinyl ends and PS having one diphenylphosphinyl end and/or one 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl end, indicating that a combination of PS radicals with the highly reactive diphenylphosphine oxide group at one end of the chains was the predominant mode of termination. MALDI-TOF MS results for PMMA fractions provided evidence for termination primarily by disproportionation, but structure determination was confounded by the presence of isobaric peaks. Discernible peaks were obtained by MALDI-TOF MS analyses of GPC fractions of TPO-initiated poly(methyl-d₃ methacrylate-d₅), in which the major product was PMMA with a diphenylphosphinyl end group and an abstracted deuterium end group, whereas the minor combination product had two diphenylphosphinyl chain ends. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2161–2171, 2007     

3-Hydroxycoumarin as a new matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of DNA

3-Hydroxycoumarin (3-HC) was designed, synthesized, and tested as a matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analyses of a variety of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides ranging long from three to 70 bases. Using the matrix solution of 3-HC dissolved in a mixed solvent of acetone and diammonium hydrogen citrate, DNA segments over the mass range 800 Da to 6900 Da were isotopically resolved with high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. The individual isotopic molecular ion peaks of a group of 23-mer mixed-base oligomers differing by one or two bases with mass differences of 9 or 7 Da were recorded. Larger oligodeoxynucleotide segments of 34-mer, 50-mer, and 70-mer have also been analyzed effectively. Less than 250 attomol of a 10-mer DNA segment was clearly detected without any fragmentation. The new matrix can be used for the analysis of DNA segments in both positive- and negative-ion modes, and the quality of all negative-ion mode spectra are as good as that obtained in positive-ion mode shown in this paper. Compared with conventional matrices of 3-hydroxypicolinic acid (3-HPA) and 6-aza-2-thiothymine (ATT), 3-HC had noticeable improvement in resolution, S/N ratio, spot-to-spot-, and sample-to-sample reproducibility for analyzed DNA segments.     

Electrostatically self-assembled azides on zinc sulfide nanoparticles as multifunctional nanoprobes for peptide and protein analysis in MALDI-TOF MS

A simple method to synthesize electrostatically self-assembled azides on zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS-N₃ NPs) was described and then it was further applied as a multifunctional nanoprobe such as enriching, desalting, accelerating and separation-/washing free nanoprobes for rapid analysis of peptides and proteins and microwave assisted tryptic digested proteins in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The ZnS-N₃ NPs were characterized by UV-vis, FT-IR, SEM and TEM spectroscopy. The ZnS-N₃ NPs can effectively enrich signal intensities for 2-10 times for various peptides and proteins including HW6, insulin, ubiquitin, cytochrome c, lysozyme, myoglobin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in MALDI-TOF MS. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that the ZnS-N₃ NPs can serve as accelerating probes for microwave assisted tryptic digestion of proteins in MALDI-TOF MS. The applicability of the present method on complex sample analysis such as milk proteins from cow milk and ubiquitin and ubiquitin like proteins from oyster mushroom were also demonstrated.     

反相高效液相色谱/基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱 分离鉴定螺蛳血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽

运用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)对酶解螺蛳腹足肌得到的血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制肽进行两步分离提纯,第一步主要得到8个组分;选取其中活性最高的组分进一步分离,得到2个组分,其中活性较高组分的ACE半抑制浓度为43.5 μmol/L,基本为单一肽组分。对提纯的组分分别使用高效液相色谱/电喷雾离子质谱法(HPLC/ESI-MS)和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法(MALDI-TOF MS)进行分析,同时结合氨基酸组成分析结果,最终得到的肽链一级结构为Lys-Glu-Ile-Trp(KEIW),符合已知的高活性ACE抑制肽的结构规律。经过对两种方法分析过程的比较,认为ESI-MS可以得到多方面的信息,但无法确定肽的序列;MALDI-TOF MS可以得到精确的二级质谱图(m/z精确至0.0001),从而可以得到确定的肽的序列。     

Determination and tissue distribution studies of dantrolene sodium with hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin in rat tissue by HPLC/MS/MS

The established analytical method for determining the concentration of dantrolene sodium (Da) in rat tissues by HPLC/MS/MS technique was successfully applied to tissue distribution studies of Da in rats. Tissue homogenate samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with pre‐cooled methanol. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Acquity HPLC column (Kromat Universil XB‐C₁₈, 2.1 × 150 mm, 3 μm). Mass spectrometry was conducted with an electrospray ionization interface in negative ionization mode and multiple reaction monitoring was used for quantitative analysis. The results showed that Da was rapidly and widely distributed in tissues and reached the maximum concentration within 0.5 h in all tissues after oral administration of Da–hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (DHC). It was then metabolized by liver and finally excreted from kidney,which indicated that DHC inclusion complex has better absorption and higher oral bioavailability than Da. The results also provided evidence for the safety and effectiveness of drug clinical application.     

Discrimination of Thermoplastic Polyesters by MALDI-TOF MS and Py-GC/MS

The aim of this work is to discriminate thermoplastic polyester-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), which cannot be easily identified by many methods. Both matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) were applied to identify these polyesters owing to their analytical ability to determining polymers' chemical structure. The three thermoplastic polyesters can be easily distinguished by MALDI-TOF MS according to their different repeated units. Py-GC/MS was used to analyze their specific pyrolyzates. The three polyesters can be identified through their characteristic pyrolysis products as well.     

A mixed matrix of 3-hydroxypicolinic acid and pyrazinecarboxylic acid for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of oligodeoxynucleotides

A mixed matrix of 3-hydroxypicolinic acid (3-HPA) and pyrazinecarboxylic acid (PCA) was used for analysis of a variety of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides ranging in length from 8-108-mers by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The experimental results showed that DNA segments with masses in the range from 5000 to 10,500 Da can be analyzed with high resolution (isotopic peaks resolved) when 3-HPA/PCA was prepared by mixing saturated 3-HPA solution and saturated PCA solution (in 50% of a 0.5 mol/L solution of diammonium hydrogen citrate plus 50% acetonitrile) at the volume ratio of 4:1. Each component of a mixture of d(A)1-10 gave a well-resolved peak. Moreover, when 3-HPA/PCA was used to analyze two mixtures, one containing two 23-mer DNA segments with a 9 Da difference (A and T) and the other with a 7 Da difference (AA and TG), the two 23-mer ion peaks were well separated from each other and an isotopically resolved spectrum of each component was recorded. Under the identical experimental conditions, the sample-to-sample reproducibility, resolution, signal-to-noise ratio and the tolerance to metal salts, with 3-HPA/PCA, were superior to those observed using 3-HPA alone for analysis of DNA segments.     

Characterization by mass spectrometry of an unknown polysiloxane sample used under uncontrolled medical conditions for cosmetic surgery

For a complete understanding of the raw material used for cosmetic surgery under uncontrolled medical conditions, an unknown sample of polydimethylsiloxanes has been investigated utilizing a combination of analytical techniques: pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py/GC/MS), electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF)MS, and liquid chromatography (LC)/MS. Among these techniques, the LC/APCI-MS coupling allowed the fastest and more effective analysis. In addition, the complexity of the mass spectra deduced from these LC/MS experiments was simplified compared to the mass spectra obtained by MALDI-TOF. In this work, we have demonstrated how the LC/APCI-MS coupling applied to polydimethylsiloxane samples permits the full characterization of samples where end groups of different nature can be present in very small quantities.     

DNA assay based on monolayer-barcoded nanoparticles for mass spectrometry in combination with magnetic microprobes

Mass spectrometry (MS) based methodology offers simple, fast and sensitive diagnosis. While it has become the predominate approach in biomolecular analysis, it has not been suitable for analyzing nucleic acid due to its low ionization efficiency. We report herein on a DNA assay based on monolayer-barcoded nanoparticles that were encoded with reporter mass molecules, which act as surrogate molecules for the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS (MALDI-TOF MS) identification of target DNA through mass spectrometry in combination with magnetic microprobes. This assay demonstrated high MS sensitivity, with the ability to detect target DNA at femtomolar (10⁻¹⁵ M) levels. This inaugural effort using combined techniques is significant because it showed an extraordinary analytical capability for differentiating the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which comprises the most abundant source of genetic variation in the human genome. We also report herein the feasibility of MS detection of two target DNAs that have the same mass but different nucleotide base composition, which classic MS methodology is inherently unable to differentiate.     

Analysis of Phospholipids in Crucian Carp(Carassius auratus) Muscle by Offline HPLC-MALDI-TOF MS

The interest in the analysis of phospholipids(PLs), especially phosphatidylcholine(PC), has been increasing due to the importance of them in biochemistry as well as in industry. A method was reported based on the offline combination of MALDI-TOF MS and normal-phase HPLC for analyzing PLs extracted from crucian carp. Total PLs of crucian carp were extracted and then separated by HPLC before the collected subfractions were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. The mass spectra obtained show peaks of H+, Na+ and K+ adduct...