STUDIES OF THE MOBILITY OF SURFACE CARBON FORMED BY THE DECOMPOSITION OF METHANE ON SUPPORTED TRANSITION METAL CATALYSTS

IntroductionInformationonrelativereactiviticsofsuffocccarbonfromthcdecompositionofmethaneontransitionmetalcataIystspla}.simportantruleinourunderstandingthenatllreofeffcctiveutiliZaionofmethane.Asignificantamountofdataonthissubjecthavealread}'bccnaccumulatcd.Itx"asdiscovercdthatrcactiviticsofthesuffocecarbonstrongl}'dependonthcstructuralparameters-suchasthctyPcofsuffocecarbon.thestrengthofsurfacecarbon-metalinteractionsandthetendencyoftransformationamongthemll'2].0fspecialsarcthatthenatureofth…     

TPSR Studies of the Activation of Methane on Supported Noble Metal Catalysts

Methane decomposition on silica-supported noble metal catalysts was deeply investigated by means of the temperature programmed surface reaction (TPSR).The results obtained show that methane can be effectively decomposed into different surface carbons, which show different reactivities and features to form higherhydrocarbons.     

担载型贵金属催化剂上甲烷直接羰基化反应

利用程序升温脉冲反应、恒温脉冲反应及探针分子表面反应技术较系统地考察了担载型贵金属催化剂上甲烷直接羰基化制乙醛的反应，研究发现通过采用总反应分解法操作后，能够克服甲烷直接羰基化反应的热力学限制，将总反应转化为两个可在较温和条件发生的反应，首次实现了CH4＋CO→CH3CHO的反应即首先进行甲烷的分解，然后引入CO与甲烷分解所产生的表面物种直接反应生成乙醛．本文还探讨了甲烷吸附条件，CO与甲烷分解所产生的表丙碳物种间的作用等反应的影响因素、探针分子CH3I的表面反应结果显示甲烷分解产生的CHx（ad）（x≤3）物种可能是该反应的活性中间体     

STUDY ON THE OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE III.CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF TiO2-BASED CATALYSTS STUDIED BY CO2-TPD AND TPR-TPO

The effects of surface acidity-basicity and surface oxidation reduction property of Li-La-Mn/TiO2 (I) and Li-La-Mn-W/TiO2 (II) catalysts on oxidative coupling of methane were studied by CO2-temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD) and temperature programmed reduction temperature programmed oxidation (TPR-TPO). The results show that there exist strong basic sites on catalysts I and II, but the quantity of these sites on catalyst II is more than that on catalyst I. Besides, the strength of basics site on catalyst II is stronger than that on catalyst I. The surface of catalyst II is easier to reduce and re-oxidize than that of catalyst I. The surface of catalyst II is easier to reduce and re-oxidize than of catalyst I, and the extent of reduction and reoxidation of catalyst II is more intensive than catalyst I, which results in a lowing of the reaction temperature and enhances the activity and C2 hydrocarbon yield as well as gas hourly space velocity(GHSV). Catalyst II is excellent for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM).     

助剂铬对Ni/MgO催化剂CVD法制备碳纳米管的促进作用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了助剂Cr改性的Ni/MgO催化剂, 用化学气相沉积(CVD)法在600 ℃下裂解甲烷生长碳纳米管, 研究了助剂Cr的引入对催化剂微结构和制备碳纳米管性能的影响. 催化剂样品用XRD, TPR和CO-TPD进行了分析, 制备的碳纳米管用TEM和XRD进行了表征. 实验结果表明, NiO和MgO之间存在着强相互作用而形成固溶体, Ni/MgO催化剂经氢气处理后其中的镍氧化物只有极少部分被还原成为镍. 助剂铬的引入明显促进了镍的还原, 使得催化剂表面的Ni活性中心数增多, 从而使催化剂的活性和性能得到了明显的改进. 在加入助剂后碳纳米管的产率明显增加, 当Cr质量分数为8%时, 碳纳米管的产量为未加助剂时产量的5倍, 碳纳米管和催化剂的质量比达到1928. 当Cr含量进一步增加时, Ni在催剂表面聚集形成大颗粒, 制备出的产品中含有大量的碳纳米纤维和无定形碳. 以8%Cr-Ni/MgO催化剂合成的碳纳米管具有比较高的产率且质量较好.     

担载型过渡金属催化剂上甲烷和乙烯的同系化反应

利用程序升温脉冲反应技术较系统地考察了担载型过渡金属催化剂上甲烷与乙烯同系聚合制丙烯和丙烷的反应，通过分步反应，即首先进行甲烷分解，然后引入了乙烯与甲烷分解产生的表面碳物种反应，可以克服甲烷与乙烯同系聚合物反应的动力学限制，使该反应能在较为温和的条件下进行，还系统地探讨了影响该反应的各种因素，结果表明，Ｐｔ，Ｃｏ催化剂表现出较为优越的催化性能。     

FT－IR和程序升温热谱技术研究Mo／HZSM－5催化剂的制备过程

采用ＦＴ－ＩＲ和程序升温热谱技术研究了Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ－５催化剂的制备过程．结果表明Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ－５样品在合适的温度下焙烧一定时间，Ｍｏ物种与ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛的酸中心（主要是强酸中心）起作用，并且一部分Ｍｏ物种会迁移到分子筛孔道内．在外表面的Ｍｏ物种和在孔道内强酸中心作用的Ｍｏ物种，可能是对甲烷活化起作用的     

STUDIES OF TPSR AND PULSE REACTION OF METHYL IODIDE ON SILICA-SUPPORTED NOBLE METAL CATALYSTS

IntroductionAttcn1ptstoclucidatcthcmcchanismofCtOh}drogcnationontransitionmctalcatal\stsbyusingprobcmoIcculcscanbctraccdbacktoatlcastascarl}'asl95ll]lAlthoughthistcchniqucisanindircctx"a}'ofstud}'ingsurfaccrcactionmcchanisms.itallot"sustostud}'inslIusurfaccrcactionsundcrccrtainconditionsx"hichusualI}'cannotbcprobcdb}'morcdirectinstrumcntalmcthodssuchassurfaccspcctrosc0pictcchniqucsOfintcrcstisthcreccntt"orkrcp0rtcdb}'Bclgucdl2l'KocrtsI3jandYa.l4j\"hoachict'cdthcconvcrsionofmethanctotbrmC2~…     

THE ROLE OF LATTICE AND GASEOUS OXYGEN ON THE OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE STUDIED BY A PULSE REACTION TECHNIQUE

A comparative study of the role of lattice and gaseous oxygen in theoxidative coupling of methane over Na~ /Cao and Ca_xSr_(1-x)TiO_3 perovskiteoxide catalysts was performed by using a pulse reaction technique with CH_4,O_2 and mixtures of CH_4and O_2.It was found that there is an oxygen species onthe Surface of Cao which is active only for the total oxidation of methane at thereaction temperature.These oxygen species.once reacted with methane andconsumed,can be regenerated by the adsorption of oxygen molecules from thegas phase or by the migration of the lattice oxysen from the bulk onto thesurface.In contrast,no such oxygen species and no reaction can be detected bymethane pulsed over Ca_xSr_(1-x)TiO_3perovskite oxide catalysts.Na~ can heavilysuppress the non-selective oxygen species on the surface,and When 5mol%Na~ was incorporated onto the surface of Cao,the sample showed no reactivityto methane.When oxygen exists in the gas phase,or the pulse containsmethane and oxygen,the reaction over(Cao is mai     

Na2SnO3系催化剂表面吸附氧的EPR研究

以Na_2SnO_3系甲烷氧化偶联催化剂中性能较好的5%Li_2SO_4-Na_2SnO_3样品为主要研究对象, 用电子顺磁共振(EPR)方法对表面吸附氧及其与甲烷的作用进行了研究, 实验表明: 样品在氧气氛中处理后,得到可归属为表面吸附超氧负离子O_2~-的顺磁信号, 在300 ℃以上温度条件下吸附氧后, 可产生这种表面氧物种, 该物种在室温、1.33×10~(-2) Pa真空条件下能稳定存在, 700 ℃与甲烷作用后顺磁信号显著减弱, 因而催化剂表面的O_2~-物种可能起着活化甲烷的作用.     

ABO3型稀土铝酸盐的表面状态及其催化性能

大量文献资料表明,甲烷催化氧化偶联反应中,催化剂的表面状态起着关键作用.本文初步探讨了LnAlO_3对甲烷偶联反应的催化性能,并用X光衍射(XRD)技术表征了催化剂的体相性质,用X光电子能谱(XPS)和程序升温脱附(TPD)技术研究了表面状态、组成和表面碱性,并同催化性能进行了关联.1 实验方法     

Methane Decomposition over Ni/α-Al2O3 Promoted by La2O3 and CeO2

The decomposition of methane on Ni/a-Al2O3 modified by La2O3 and CeO2 with differ-ent contents has been investigated and the ralationship between methane decomposition and removal of carbon by CO2 over these catalyst has also been studied by pulse-chromatography. The catalysts were characterized by TPR and XRD. It was shown that Ni/a-Al2O3 could be promoted by adding La2O3, and the carbon species produced over this catalyst was activated and eliminated by CO2. But CeO2 would suppress the decomposition of methane over Ni crystallite. Both La2O3 and CeO2 can inhibit aggregation of the Ni particles. Decomposition of methane over the Ni-based catalysts is structure sensitive to a certain extent.     

甲烷干重整催化剂Ni/Al2O3表面积炭表征与分析

用蒸发法制备了Ni/Al2O3催化剂及浸渍法制备了Ni/α-Al2O3和Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂, 并与商品天然气水蒸气重整催化剂Z118Y一起进行了甲烷干重整实验, 考察了各催化剂上表面积炭行为. 通过H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)比表面积分析、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、热重-差式扫描量热(TG-DSC)、程序升温氢化(TPH)等表征手段对催化剂表面沉积炭的特性进行了表征. 结果表明, 各催化剂上至少存在三种形式的碳物种: 无定形碳、丝状碳及石墨碳. 由于载体性质不同, 各催化剂上沉积炭的种类及其含量有所差别. Z118Y、Ni/Al2O3及Ni/α-Al2O3催化剂上主要沉积丝状炭, 而Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂上则主要是石墨碳. Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂中金属Ni颗粒较小(小于15 nm)、粒径分布范围较窄、分散性较好, 能减少催化剂表面炭的沉积, 有效地抑制丝状碳的生长.     

Ni/SiO2催化剂上甲烷催化裂解制氢

研究了固定床反应器上甲烷在Ni/SiO2催化剂上的裂解反应，并分别用O2、H2O进行催化剂失活/活化循环实验，并对催化剂用XRD进行分析。结果表明,Ni/SiO2催化剂具有良好的催化性能,甲烷转化率～40%，并能在150 min的时间内保持其活性，无论是用空气氧化还是水蒸气汽化，都能有效地活化已失活的催化剂。XRD实验显示，多次裂解－再生循环过程，对催化剂结构没有明显破坏。     

Methane Decomposition over Ni/α-Al_2O_3 Promoted by La_2O_3 and CeO_2

The decomposition of methane on Ni/a-Al2O3 modified by La2O3 and CeO2 with different contents has been investigated and the ralationship between methane decomposition and removal of carbon by CO2 over these catalyst has also been studied by pulse-chromatography. The catalysts were characterized by TPR and XRD. It was shown that Ni/a-Al2O3 could be promoted by adding La2O3, and the carbon species produced over this catalyst was activated and eliminated by CO2. But CeO2 would suppress the decomposition of methane over Ni crystallite. Both La2O3 and CeO2 can inhibit aggregation of the Ni particles. Decomposition of methane over the Ni-based catalysts is structure sensitive to a certain extent.     

Interaction of Methane and Oxygen with the Surface of Manganese Oxide-Containing Catalysts

We used pulsed reduction and temperature programmed oxidation to study the interaction of methane and oxygen with the surface of manganese oxide-containing catalysts. We hypothesized that during oxidative dimerization of methane, the phase supplying strongly bound oxygen for selective methane coupling is an acceptor for weakly bound oxygen of the phase catalyzing exhaustive oxidation.     

STUDY ON THE MOBILITY AND REACTIVITY OF OXYGEN OF CERIA-BASED OCM CATALYSTS BY TEMPERATUREPROGRAMMED PULSE REACTION(TPPR)

IntroductionThisprojectwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina.Becausemostofthecatalystsforoxidativecouplingofmethane(OCM)arecompositechides,thereactivitiesofdifferentkindsofoxygenspeciesareeXtensivelystudied.Generally,agoodOCMcatalystsho…     

Ca,Sr共掺杂铈氧化物及其在甲烷氧化偶联反应中的应用

采用柠檬酸法制备了Ca,Sr共掺杂的CeO_2催化剂,发现共掺杂催化剂较单掺杂或未掺杂催化剂呈现出更好的催化甲烷氧化偶联(OCM)反应性能.通过表征可知,Ca,Sr共掺杂催化剂的物相为CeO_2和SrCO_3,Ca高度分散或掺杂于CeO_2之中;CeO_2的粒径明显变小;表面呈中等程度碱性;Ce基催化剂上的亲电氧物种数量随着碱土金属的掺杂而增大,亲电氧物种与晶格氧摩尔比(O_2-2+O-2)/O-2的大小顺序(CeSrCaCe SrCeO_2)与C2选择性一致;且SrCO_3相的存在有助于Ce基氧化物催化甲烷氧化偶联反应(OCM)性能的改善.     

COx-Free Hydrogen and Carbon Nanofibers Produced from Direct Decomposition of Methane on Nickel-Based Catalysts

Direct decomposition of methane was carried out using a fixed-bed reactor at 700℃for the production of COx-free hydrogen and carbon nanofibers. The catalytic performance of NiO-M/SiO2 catalysts (where M=AgO, CoO, CuO, FeO, MnOx and MoO) in methane decomposition was investigated. The experimental results indicate that among the tested catalysts, NiO/SiO2 promoted with CuO give the highest hydrogen yield. In addition, the examination of the most suitable catalyst support, including Al2O3, CeO2, La2O3, SiO2, and TiO2, shows that the decomposition of methane over NiO-CuO favors SiO2 support. Furthermore, the optimum ratio of NiO to CuO on SiO2 support for methane decomposition was determined. The experimental results show that the optimum weight ratio of NiO to CuO fell at 8:2 (w/w) since the highest yield of hydrogen was obtained over this catalyst.     

甲烷在活性炭上裂解制氢研究

在连续流动石英固定床反应器上研究了甲烷在活性炭上裂解制氢的反应，并对反应前后活性炭的比表面积以及孔径分布等的变化进行了测定。结果表明，甲烷在五种活性炭上的裂解行为基本相同，反应初期转化率最高，随着反应进行转化率逐渐降低直至一个平稳的状态；降低甲烷分压和增加甲烷与活性炭的接触时间可提高甲烷转化率；温度的升高有利于初始转化率的提高，但不利于活性炭的稳定性；反应后活性炭比表面积、孔容及微孔孔容都明显降低，平均孔径增大，孔径分布向中孔方向迁移，说明甲烷的裂解导致了活性炭孔特别是微孔内的炭沉积以及进一步的孔堵塞。