液相色谱-串联质谱法检测水产品中残留的硝基呋喃类药物的代谢物

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法用于同时测定水产品中硝基呋喃类药物的代谢物3-氨基-2-唑烷基酮(AOZ)、5-甲基吗啉-3-氨基-2-唑烷基酮(AMOZ)、氨基脲(SEM)、1-氨基-2-内酰脲(AHD)和3,5-二硝基水杨酸肼(DNSH)。样品经盐酸水解、2-硝基苯甲醛衍生、乙酸乙酯提取净化。氮吹至干后,用1 mL乙腈-0.1%甲酸水(20:80, v/v)定容。经Aquasil C18色谱柱分离,用液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱以多反应监测模式(MRM)进行检测分析,内标法定量。结果表明,该方法的线性范围为0.5～10 μg/kg, 5种代谢物的线性相关系数均不小于0.9976,定量限为0.5 μg/kg。在0.5、1.0、2.0和4.0 μg/kg的添加水平下,加标回收率为81.3%～100.5%, RSD为3.4%～10.0%。本法可作为水产品中5种硝基呋喃类药物的代谢物残留量同时分析的有效手段。     

UPLC-MS/MS法快速测定水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物残留

建立了水产品种硝基呋喃类代谢物的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UP-LC-MS/MS)的快速检测方法。采用2-氯苯甲醛作为衍生化试剂,使衍生化时间由以前的12 h缩短为1 h;衍生溶液用C18固相萃取柱净化,甲醇洗脱,水定容;最后采用UPLC-MS/MS检测。氨基脲(SEM)、3-氨基-2-唑烷基酮(AOZ)、5-甲基吗啉-3-氨基-2-唑烷基酮(AMOZ)、1-氨基-乙内酰脲(AHD)四种硝基呋喃类代谢物的回收率在70.1~109.3%,检出限为0.5μg/kg。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中硝基呋喃类代谢物

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定猪肉组织中4种硝基呋喃类代谢物的分析方法.样品经盐酸水解,2-硝基苯甲醛衍生,乙酸乙酯提取净化,在正离子模式下以电喷雾电离串联质谱进行测定,内标法定量.在优化的实验条件下,4种代谢物在0.5~50μg/kg范围内线性良好,相关系数大于0.995,方法检出限为0.2μg/kg,定量限为0.5μg/kg.在0.5、1.0和10.0μg/kg的添加水平下,4种代谢物的平均回收率在74.6%~104.8%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)在2.4%~15.6%之间.方法可应用于猪肉中4种硝基呋喃类药物代谢物残留的同时检测.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用测定蜂王浆中的四种硝基呋喃类药物的代谢物

报道了高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用测定蜂王浆中呋喃唑酮、呋喃西林、呋喃妥因和呋喃它酮4种硝基呋喃类药物的代谢物残留的方法。以三氯乙酸作为蜂王浆的蛋白质沉淀剂,同时提供衍生化反应所需的酸性环境;使用4种同位素内标,补偿了衍生化效率、衍生后样品溶液的pH值及光照对定量结果所产生的影响,极大地提高了定量的准确性。实验结果表明,呋喃它酮代谢物的检测下限可以达到0.03 μg/kg,其他3种硝基呋喃类药物的代谢物的检测下限可以达到0.05 μg/kg（S/N大于5）;呋喃它酮代谢物的定量下限可以达到0.20 μg/kg,其他3种硝基呋喃类药物的代谢物的定量下限可以达到0.25 μg/kg（S/N大于10）;线性范围为0.4~20 ng/mL,添加回收率为97.7%~104.8%(内标校正),相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.7%~9.7%。     

同位素稀释质谱法测定蜂蜜中4种硝基呋喃代谢物

研究了蜂蜜中4种硝基呋喃代谢物:呋喃唑酮代谢物(AOZ)、呋喃它酮代谢物(AMOZ)、呋喃妥因代谢物(AHO)、呋喃西林代谢物(SEM)的同位素稀释HPLC-MS/MS分析方法,以邻硝基苯甲醛作为衍生化试剂,AOZ-d4、AMOZ-d5、AHD-13G3、SEM·HCl-(13C,15 N2)作内标,并将超声波衍生化法应用到实际样品的分析测试当中,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,15 min可将4种代谢物完全分离,再以MS/MS进行定性和定量分析.加标回收率为82%～112%;定量限(LOQ)为0.05～1 μg/kg;检出限(LOD)为0.01～0.25 μg/kg.该方法满足欧盟(EU)对进出口蜂蜜中硝基呋喃代谢物的检测要求.     

HPLC–MS/MS法测定南美白对虾苗中硝基呋喃类代谢物残留

研究了南美白对虾苗中4种硝基呋喃代谢物呋喃唑酮代谢物(AOZ)、呋喃它酮代谢物(AMOZ)、呋喃妥因代谢物(AHD)、呋喃西林代谢物(SEM)的高效液相色谱–串联质谱(HPLC–MS/MS)测定方法。以水解衍生并添加4种同位素内标的方法对样品进行处理,补偿了衍生化效率,提高了定量的准确性。实验结果表明,AOZ,AMOZ的检出限为0.10μg/kg,SEM,AHD的检出限为0.25μg/kg;AOZ,AMOZ的定量下限为0.40μg/kg,SEM,AHD的定量下限为0.50μg/kg。方法加标回收率在88.2%~97.6%之间,相对标准偏差在4.6%~8.1%(n=6)之间。该法检测灵敏度高,测量结果的精密度和准确度满足药物残留检测要求。     

液液萃取柱-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定乳制品中硝基呋喃类代谢物残留

采用液液萃取柱-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术建立了乳制品中硝基呋喃类代谢物的快速测定方法。硝基呋喃类代谢物衍生化反应后,利用EXtrelut NT液液萃取小柱进行净化富集,采用正离子多反应监测模式,内标法定量。硝基呋喃类代谢物在0.10~10.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限为0.04~0.10μg/kg,回收率范围为71.5%~109.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)范围4.6%~9.8%。方法适用于乳制品中硝基呋喃类代谢物的快速检测。     

水产品中硝基呋喃代谢物残留快速检测新方法的研究

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测系统(UPLC-MS/MS)研究了2种衍生剂、2种衍生时间对水产品中4种硝基呋喃代谢物3-氨基-2-唑烷基酮(AOZ)、5-甲基吗啉-3-氨基-2-唑烷基酮(AMOZ)、氨基脲(SEM)、1-氨基-乙丙酰脲(AHD)的衍生化反应机理、衍生产物的检测灵敏度及其稳定性.质谱扫描结果表明,衍生剂2-氯苯甲醛和2-硝基苯甲醛对4种硝基呋喃代谢物的衍生化反应遵循相同的亲核加成反应机理;方差分析结果表明,同一衍生剂和同一代谢物,快速衍生化2 h和连续衍生化16 h获得的衍生产物的检测灵敏度没有显著差别;所有快速衍生物检测灵敏度连续4 d保持相对稳定.初步研究了快速水解对阳性样品的有效性.     

海产品中硝基呋喃类原药的超高效液相色谱串联质谱测定

研究了海产品中4种硝基呋喃类原药(呋喃唑酮、呋喃妥因、呋喃西林、呋喃它酮)的固相萃取/超高效液相色谱串联质谱分析方法。样品用甲醇-偏磷酸(4∶6)溶液提取,经HLB柱净化,以甲醇和5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相,经ACQUITYTMBEH C18柱分离后,在UPLC-MS/MS多反应监测模式下进行定性定量分析。其中呋喃唑酮和呋喃它酮采用正离子扫描方式,呋喃西林和呋喃妥因采用负离子扫描方式进行质谱分析。呋喃唑酮和呋喃它酮的检出限为0.15μg/kg、定量下限为0.5μg/kg,呋喃西林和呋喃妥因的检出限为0.3μg/kg、定量下限为1.0μg/kg。在0.50~10.0μg/kg添加水平下,4种硝基呋喃原药的平均加标回收率为75%~98%,相对标准偏差均小于11%。     

高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定饲料中4种硝基呋喃类抗生素

建立了同时测定配合饲料中呋喃唑酮、呋喃它酮、呋喃西林、呋喃妥因的高效液相色谱串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品粉碎后经乙腈提取,在40℃下氮气吹干,残渣用正己烷脱色脱脂,经中性氧化铝小柱净化,采用Sunfire C18柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)分离,流动相为甲醇和0.05%乙酸铵溶液,梯度洗脱,在MRM正负切换采集模式下进行测定,外标法定量,其中呋喃西林与呋喃妥因采用负离子扫描方式,呋喃它酮与呋喃唑酮采用正离子扫描方式。呋喃唑酮和呋喃妥因的检出限(LOD)为2.0μg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)为5.0μg/kg,呋喃它酮和呋喃西林的检出限(LOD)为3.0μg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)为10.0μg/kg,4种药物在5.0～100.0μg/L范围内线性关系均良好(r>0.99)。以罗非鱼饲料进行加标回收实验,测得4种硝基呋喃原药的回收率为78%～107%,相对标准偏差均小于12%。该方法快速、准确,可用于配合饲料中4种硝基呋喃原药的同时测定。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.