简捷微波法制备麦穗状氧化锌微晶及其光学性能

以硝酸锌和三乙胺的水溶液为前驱体溶液,在回流条件下微波辐照5min,制得了麦穗状半导体ZnO微晶.采用XRD、SEM、EDS、UV-Vis和光致发光(PL)光谱对产品的晶体结构、形貌和光学性能进行表征.结果表明,ZnO微晶为六方纤锌矿结构,单个微晶呈麦穗状,是由大量麦粒样的纳米颗粒接种于微米棒表面构成的复合结构.UV-...     

ZnO微晶的水热合成及形貌控制研究

以Zn(NH3)4(Ac)2为前驱体,不加任何模板剂和表面活性剂,低温下通过改变反应条件(如前驱体浓度、反应时间及反应温度),实现了对ZnO微晶形貌和尺度的有效控制.所得花状、蜂窝状、柱状ZnO用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜进行了鉴定和表征,并初步探讨了不同形貌ZnO微晶的生长机理.     

电化学法沉积氧化锌晶须

应用阳极氧化法沉积氧化锌(ZnO)松针状晶须,SEM和XRD观察、表征样品形貌与结构.结果表明,电沉积氧化锌晶须直径为20～50 nm、长度200～300 nm、长径比10～15,纯度高,结晶度好,属六方晶系纤锌矿(JCPDS 36-1451).循环伏安法研究了该氧化锌结晶过程,并考察了电解液的锌酸盐[Zn(OH)4]2-浓度和基底表面氧化膜对晶须生成的影响.     

形貌可控ZnO微纳米结构的水热合成及光催化性能

以乙醇胺为辅助溶剂,采用水热合成法,制备了花状、梭状和剑状的ZnO微纳米结构。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、光致发光光谱(PL)和拉曼光谱等测试手段对样品的形貌、结构、晶相等进行了表征。结果表明所有样品均为六方纤锌矿结构ZnO;其形貌和结晶度可通过改变物质的量的配比nZn2+/nOH-来调控。探讨了反应物配比对产物形貌结构的影响,乙醇胺对不同形貌ZnO的制备起到至关重要作用。以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,采用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)并结合低温氮吸附-脱附比表面测试(BET),研究了花状、梭状和剑状ZnO的光催化活性。结果表明,与商用ZnO相比,制备的ZnO具有更好的光催化活性;样品催化活性与其比表面积不成正比,具有最小比表面积的花状ZnO拥有最好的光催化活性,这可能是由于其低的结晶度和特殊的花状形貌所致。     

溶胶凝胶辅助水热可控合成ZnO不同形貌分级结构光催化剂

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O、柠檬酸和Na OH为原料,采用溶胶凝胶(sol-gel)辅助水热法,仅通过改变水热时间,就可得到片花、棒花及梭状3种不同形貌ZnO分级结构。利用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis DRS、光致发光光谱(PL)和氮低温吸附-脱附等手段对合成的ZnO样品进行了表征。推测了合成条件下不同形貌ZnO分级结构形成的机理。以活性翠兰(KGL)为模拟印染废水,考察了其光催化活性。结果表明,虽然所合成的不同形貌的ZnO样品在光照120 min后均能使KGL降解78%以上,但其中水热4 h得到的片花状ZnO光催化性能最好,可降解99%的KGL,这与其片花状的形貌、较大的比表面积、较多的表面氧缺陷和极性面有关。     

锌片上多形貌ZnO微晶的水热合成及生长机理

本文采用水热法以锌片作为锌原料提供ZnO微晶生长的养料,在锌片上制备ZnO微晶。使用蒸馏水、NH3?H2O、NaOH和丁胺作为矿化剂,生长的水热环境呈碱性。实验表明,各种不同碱性矿化剂浓度、分子结构及矿化剂溶液的饱和蒸气压都显著地影响ZnO晶体的生长习性,使得样品的最终晶体形貌呈现不同的特点。研究中利用XRD中各晶面衍射强度值数据对晶体形貌特征进行推测,并以SEM进行形貌验证,同时探讨了以锌片为原料制备ZnO微晶的生长机理。     

氧化锌纳米微晶的顺磁共振特性

半导体纳米微粒是制备新一代电子器件的理想材料［1，2］．电子自旋共振谱（ESR）是研究纳米微晶表面电子自旋构象和表面结构的一种有效方法．体相ZnO是一种抗磁性物质，通常观察不到顺磁共振信号（ESR）．有关ZnO纳米微晶电子顺磁共振特性研究还未见文献报导．本文ZnO纳米微晶是用微乳法制备的：这样就制成了纳米尺度的具有表面包覆的ZnO微粒有机溶胶．这里表面活性剂起着“空间位阻”作用，一方面防止成胶过程中粒子间的聚合，使胶粒均匀细小；另一方面，包覆能减少微粒表面缺陷，使粒子性质变得十分稳定．将上述制得的ZnO纳米微粒…     

双盘状ZnO的可控制备

采用水热法制备了形貌可控、 尺寸均一的双盘状ZnO. X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试结果表明, 制备的ZnO具有六方纤锌矿结构, 由2个直径约为4 μm, 厚度约为600 nm的圆盘复合而成. 考察了反应温度和乙酸锌与柠檬酸钾的摩尔比对产物形貌与尺寸的影响, 实现了双盘状ZnO的可控合成, 并初步探讨了其形成机理. 荧光光谱显示, 双盘状ZnO的紫外发射峰半高宽约为10 nm, 比块体ZnO的紫外发射峰半高宽(18 nm)窄, 表明双盘状ZnO具有更好的光学特性.     

辣根过氧化酶在纳米金／氧化锌球腔微电极阵列上的直接电化学研究

利用Langmuir - Blodgett技术和溶胶-凝胶(sol -gel)法在氧化铟锡(ITO)电极表面制备了有序的纳米金／氧化锌(nano-Au/ZnO)球腔阵列,并采用扫描电镜表征了nano-Au/ZnO球腔阵列的形貌.该阵列的循环伏安曲线具有微电极特性.将辣根过氧化酶(HRP)直接固定于nano-Au/ZnO...     

石墨烯掺杂纳米氧化锌用于检测三乙胺的增强气敏性能

通过简单研磨实现固相反应的方法制备了纳米氧化锌材料,并利用石墨烯掺杂对氧化锌进行改性,研究了氧化锌材料的气敏性能。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱仪(IR)对合成的样品进行了结构和形貌表征,考察了原料比例和石墨烯掺杂量对氧化锌形貌和气敏性能的影响。结果表明:合成的氧化锌均为纳米颗粒,随着柠檬酸量增加,得到许多有气孔的氧化锌;石墨烯掺杂后,均得到纳米颗粒的氧化锌;气体检测表明,石墨烯掺杂后的氧化锌,其最佳工作温度由400℃降为280℃,对三乙胺表现出较高的选择性;掺杂3%石墨烯的氧化锌对浓度为0.1 mmol/L三乙胺的响应值(S=Ra/Rg)达到18,是掺杂前的4倍。石墨烯掺杂纳米ZnO可作为检测三乙胺气体的新型传感材料。     

Multifunctional polyacrylonitrile‐ZnO/Ag electrospun nanofiber membranes with various ZnO morphologies for photocatalytic,UV‐shielding,and antibacterial applications

New multifunctional polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐ZnO/Ag composite electrospun nanofiber membranes consisting of pineal‐type, flower‐type, and sea‐urchin‐type ZnO morphologies were prepared using a single‐capillary electrospinning technique, hydrothermal ZnO synthesis, and Ag reduction. The various ZnO architectures exhibited differences in photocatalytic activity and UV‐shielding efficiency, and were ranked as follows: sea‐urchin type > flower type > pineal type. Sea‐urchin‐type ZnO features a higher surface‐to‐volume ratio than other ZnO architectures do because of its distinctive structure, thus yielding higher performance. The present study demonstrated that self‐standing PAN‐ZnO/Ag composite fiber membranes, especially those with the sea‐urchin‐type ZnO structure, can be applied in multifunctional textiles such as water purification filters and antibacterial and UV‐shielding clothes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 262–269     

Photocatalytic activity of ZNO with different morphologies synthesized by a sonochemical method

Different morphologies of ZnO structures were successfully synthesized in precursor solutions with the pH of 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 by a sonochemical method at room temperature. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities of ZnO samples with different morphologies were evaluated via the degradation of methylene blue (C₁₆H₁₈ClN₃S). In this research, the flower-like ZnO sample of densely assembled nanoplates exhibited the highest photodegradation of 64% under UV light irradiation within 300 min.     

Low-temperature polymer-assisted synthesis of shape-tunable zinc oxide nanostructures dispersible in both aqueous and non-aqueous media

We report the shape-controlled synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures by a poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME)-assisted alkaline hydrolysis of zinc acetate at low temperature (20 °C). In this method, ZnO nanostructures of various morphologies including dumbbells, lances and triangles have been successfully prepared via a simple variation of different reaction parameters such as polymer concentration, pH of the reaction mixture and precursor concentration. However, without PVME, ZnO of such structurally uniform morphologies were not formed; rather ZnO of a mixture of defined and undefined morphologies were obtained indicating PVME-assisted the growth of such regular shaped ZnO nanostructures. HRTEM analysis of lance- and triangle-shaped samples as well as SAED patterns of all kinds of samples (dumbbell, lance and triangle) revealed that the ZnO nanostrcutures are single crystalline in nature and might form through oriented growth. XRD analysis also revealed the formation of well crystalline ZnO with a hexagonal structure. FTIR spectroscopy and TGA analysis confirmed the adsorption of PVME on the surface of ZnO nanostructures. Being a solvent adaptable polymer, the adsorbed PVME makes these shaped ZnO nanostructures highly dispersible in both polar and non-polar organic solvents including water. The extent of dispersibility in different solvents was studied by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Such solvent adoptability of PVME-coated ZnO nanostructures increases its ease of applications in device fabrication as well as in biological systems.     

Synthesis of ZnO crystals with unique morphologies by a low-temperature solvothermal process and their photocatalytic deNO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> properties

A series of unique morphologies of ZnO were synthesized by a simple mild solvothermal process using equimolar of Zn(NO₃)₂/Zn(AC)₂–hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) acting as precursors and ethylene glycol (EG) and triethylamine (TEA) as the dispersant and surfactant additive, respectively. When the as-prepared particles were further treated in 0.02 M HMT solution for such a long time as 72 h, screw-like and rose-like crystals with three-dimensional and developed structure could be formed. The deNO _x photocatalytic activity was characterized and the analysis results showed that the modified ZnO crystals possessed a three-dimensionally developed structure and had higher deNO _x photocatalytic activity compared to that of the as-prepared untreated ZnO.     

Effect of 3D ZnO:Fe morphology on the photocatalytic activity under solar irradiation

Nanoparticles, microsphere, hedgehog sphere-like and flower-like ZnO:Fe photocatalysts were prepared by the hydrothermal method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet/visible absorption spectra (UV?CVis). The results show that the ZnO:Fe photocatalysts with different 3D morphologies are a hexagonal wurtzite structure with space group of p63mc. The pH value of the precursor has a great influence on various morphologies of ZnO:Fe photocatalysts. The flower-like and hedgehog sphere-like ZnO:Fe photocatalysts exhibit the high solar photocatalytic behavior on methylene blue (MB). The ZnO:Fe order of photocatalytic activity is as follows: flower?>?hedgehog sphere?>?microsphere?>?nanoparticle. The flower-like ZnO:Fe is optimal, which exhibits the highest degradation rate of 98% for light time of 5?h.     

A comparative study on wear and friction characteristics of phenolic composite coatings filled with different morphologies ZnO

In this paper, different morphologies ZnO (disk‐like, rod‐like, and nanoparticles) were introduced into phenolic composite coatings to comparatively investigate the tribological properties. The structural and morphological characterization was conducted with Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The tribological performances of composite coatings were evaluated using ring‐on‐block tester under dry condition at room temperature. Experimental results indicated that composite coatings filled with 1 wt% ZnO micro‐disks possessed the optimal tribological performances. It was attributed to the strong interfacial interaction between ZnO micro‐disks and phenolic matrix induced by their specific polar structure. Moreover, different loads and sliding speeds were employed to further evaluate the tribological performances of ZnO micro‐disks/phenolic composite coatings. The outcome revealed that ZnO micro‐disks were potential anti‐wear fillers under harsh condition.     

不同形貌ZnO纳米结构的电子显微分析

控制实验合成条件,利用溶胶-凝胶法和化学溶液生长法制备出不同形貌的ZnO纳米结构。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜( SEM) 以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等多种测试手段对ZnO纳米结构的微观形态及晶相进行了分析。结果表明:3种ZnO纳米结构形貌虽不同,但均具有Z nO六方纤锌矿晶相结构。ZnO纳米棒和花状ZnO纳米结构为单晶,生长方向均沿(0001)方向。ZnO纳米球则为多晶。     

A simple solvothermal route towards the morphological control of ZnO and tuning of its optical and photocatalytic properties

ZnO nanoparticles with different morphologies were solvothermally synthesized by controlling the alkali (sodium hydroxide) concentration in an isopropanol solution. The products were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction, UV-visible absorption spectra, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and selected area electron diffraction. The morphologies of the formed ZnO nanocrystals were dependent on the concentration of the alkali, and with increases of sodium hydroxide concentration, the ZnO nanocrystals evolved from rod to hexagonal bipyramid, and then to a flower-like nanostructure. The flower-like nanostructure resulted from the etching of the hexagonal bipyramid by the excess alkali. The photoluminescence and photocatalytic properties of the prepared ZnO were investigated. The difference of green emission among the ZnO nanocrystals indicated that a higher sodium hydroxide concentration led to a higher level of defects. The size, the surface structure and defects in the ZnO nanocrystals affected its photo-degradation characteristics.     

ZnO/Ag微米球的合成与光催化性能

用微波辅助多元醇法对预先制备的ZnO微米球进行修饰,合成了载银氧化锌微米球（ZnO/Ag）. 利用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱仪、紫外-可见双光束分光光度计和光致发光光谱仪等对样品的结构、形貌和光学性能进行了表征. 在紫外光照射下,通过亚甲基蓝的降解反应研究了样品的光催化活性. 结果表明,所制备的ZnO/Ag微米球是由面心立方的Ag纳米颗粒附着在纤锌矿结构的ZnO球表面形成;与ZnO相比,ZnO/Ag的紫外-可见光吸收光谱发生明显红移,在紫外和可见光范围均有较强的吸收;随着Ag含量的增加,ZnO/Ag荧光光谱强度先减弱后增强;与ZnO相比,ZnO/Ag的光催化活性明显提高,AgNO₃ 浓度为0.05 mol/L时制得的ZnO/Ag光催化活性最高.