超声辐射水解法制备α-Fe2O3纳米粒子

与普通大颗粒Fe2O3相比,纳米尺寸Fe2O3粉体因具有表面效应,小尺寸效应和宏观量子隧道效应而具有奇特的物理和化学性能,从而在磁性、气敏、催化、染料、抗腐蚀等领域显示出广阔的应用前景,所以纳米Fe2O3的制备方法倍受关注[1-3]。尽管不少学者采用溶胶-凝胶法、电化学合成法、微波辐射法、燃烧合成法、水热法等[4-8]方法成功合成出了高质量的Fe2O3纳米粉体,然而探索如何获得尺寸可控、高纯度、高分散和稳定均一的Fe2O3纳米粉体仍然是材料科学领域的目标之一。近年来,超声波应用于纳米材料的合成领域己取得了可喜的进展,并引起了材料科学…     

微波合成铝掺杂钻酸锂材料及性能研究

以LiOH·H2O，Al2O3和Co3O4为原料，微波加热合成Li离子电池正极材料LiAlxCo（1-x）O2．通过XRD测试表征了不同Al加入量时合成产物的晶体结构，确定当x≤0．4时，产物为单一相层状结构．计算了不同x时LiAlxCo（1-x）O2的晶胞参数，随着x的增大，a值减小，c值增大．对合成LiAlxCo（1-x）O2样品进行DSC—TGA测试，结果表明，当x不同时，合成样品的热稳定性不同．SEM测试表明，合成晶体粒度较均匀，粒径在5μm左右．电化学测试表明，LiAl0.2Co0.8O2的电化学性能最好，首次循环放电容量为127mAh／g，多次循环容量损失率小于LiCoO2．     

Ce1-xFexO2复合氧化物催化剂的制备及其对甲烷的催化燃烧性能

采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法和微波技术制备了Ce1-x Fex O2复合氧化物，以甲烷催化燃烧为探针反应测定了催化剂的活性及XRD、DRS、BET和TPR进行了表征。结果表明，Ce1-x Fex O2复合氧化物为介孔材料，所制得的复合氧化物在x≤0．2时以单一立方萤石结构的Ce1-x Fex O2固溶体存在，x〉0．2时形成了立方萤石结构Ce1-x Fex O2固溶体和少量的CeFeO3混合相。Ce1-x Fex O2固溶体的甲烷催化燃烧活性高于单组分CeO2，且随着x的不同而变化，其中以Ce0.9 Fe0.1 O2固溶体的催化活性最高。     

La1-xSrxCu0.9Fe0.1O2．5-δ阴极材料的合成与电导率研究

采用低温燃烧合成技术制备了La1-xSrxCu0．9Fc0．1O2．5-δ（x=0．1-0．4）粉体。利用X-射线衍射（XRD）和差热分析（DTA）技术对粉体的性能进行了表征。XRD结果表明，经800℃焙烧的La0．9Sr0．1Cu0．9Fe0．1O2．5-δ粉体的对称性较低，未形成钙钛矿结构，其余La1-xSrxCu0．9Fe0．1O2．5-δ（x=0．2-0．4）粉体为四方钙钛矿结构，晶体结构参数之间满足关系式a=b≈2√2c。DTA结果证明La1-xSrxCu0．9Fe0．1O2．5-δ在800℃以下是热力学稳定的，不会发生分解反应。采用直流四电极法测试了La1-xSrxCu0．9Fe0．1O2．5-δ试样在100-800℃之间的电导率。试样的电导率^ln（σT）与1／T之间呈很好的线性关系，说明La1-xSrxCu0．9Fe0．1O2．5-δ在测试温度范围内服从小极化子导电机制。Sr掺杂量对试样的电导率和电导活化能有着明显的影响，当Sr掺杂量为0．3时，La1-xSrxCu0．9Fe0．1O2．5-δ的电导率最高，电导活化能最小。     

Fe2O3改性NaY沸石上吡咯烷亚硝胺的降解

 采用程序升温表面反应（TPSR），NH3－TPD，TG－MS和脉冲催化反应等手段研究了吡咯烷亚硝胺（NPYR）在Fe2O3改性NaY沸石上的催化降解．结果表明，用微波辐射、浸渍或焙烧等不同方法制备的改性沸石对NPYR降解的催化性能各不相同，以浸渍法制备的样品活性最高，但该样品对降解产物NO2的吸附作用较弱．在NPYR的降解反应中，Fe2O3改性NaY沸石上的Fe向沸石外表面迁移和富集，覆盖了沸石表面的铝，使催化剂表现出Fe2O3的性质．     

微波水热改性制备S2 /Fe2O3-SiO2固体酸及催化性能

对共沉淀法得到的Fe2O3-SiO2混合氧化物前驱物进行微波水热改性处理，经浸渍（NH4）2S2O8后再焙烧得S2O8^2-／Fe2O3-SiO2固体酸催化剂。用XRD、TEM、N2气吸附／脱附及化学分析方法对其进行了表征，用乙酸／丁醇酯化催化反应评估固体酸的催化性能，并与通常条件下制得的催化剂进行了比较。结果显示，引入SiO2会延迟Fe2O3晶体的形成与长大；对前驱物用250W的微波水热改性处理1．5h，制得的固体酸具有适中的比表面积、均匀的孔径分布，含硫量为6．02％，比表面积为37．1m^2／g。该固体酸对乙酸丁醇酯化反应有很高的催化活性，催化酯化反应3h，乙酸的转化率高达97．7％。     

V_2O_5/TiO_2催化剂上微波对甲苯选择氧化反应条件的影响

在微波辐射条件下，考察了甲苯选择氧化过程中催化剂床层温度、O2／甲苯的比例、原料气总空速以及V2O5担载量等条件对TiO2催化剂活性的影响。实验结果表明，在微波作用下，当床层温度在250℃，O2／甲苯（摩尔比）＝6，原料气总空速：10000mLh－1时，在催化剂8％V2O5／TiO2（w）上苯甲酸的收率达到23％（w）．苯甲醛的收率达到9％（w）。与传统加热的催化过程相比．苯甲酸的收率明显提高。本文初步探讨了微波对催化剂活性的影响。     

甲烷单加氧酶化学模拟的初步研究

制备了两种新的甲烷单加氧酶模拟酶：（1）固载于分子筛上的单氧桥联双核铁配合物Fe2(O)(H2O)2-(phen)4(ClO4)；（2）在表面修饰的介孔分子筛上原位合成的氧桥、羧基桥联双核铁配合物Fe2(O)（μ－CH3COO）2－(H2O)2-(phen)2Cl2。利用紫外漫反射、红外漫反射、拉曼光谱、N2吸脱附分析及元素分析等手段，对模拟酶进行结构分析。结果表明，Fe2(O)(H2O)2-(phen)4(ClO）4主要是以配合物中的桥氧与分子筛表面硅羧基成氢键固载；原位合成的Fe2(O)（μ－CH3COO）2(H2O)2-(phen)2Cl2中，一个羟基来自表面修饰的分子筛，催化反应结果表明在，温和条件下、以叔丁基过氧化氢为氧化剂，这两种模拟酶均催化环已烷氧化。     

质子导体SrCe0.9Y0.1O3-α的柠檬酸法合成研究

采用柠檬酸液相法合成了钙钛矿相SrCe0.9 Y0.1 O-α跃粉体，将所制粉体模压成型后在1450℃烧结10h得到陶瓷膜片。对粉体合成的热处理过程进行了DSC／TG，XRD研究，通过SEM观察了粉体及膜片的微观结构。结果表明，用柠檬酸液相法制备的螫合前驱体在热处理形成srCe0.9 Y0.1 O3-α的过程中，先出现了YxCe1-x O2-x／2复合氧化物、SrCO3及反尖晶石结构的Sr2CeO4相，在1100℃可以完令转变为SrCe0.9 Y0.1 O3-α钙钛矿相；这种方法比传统固相法的合成法温度低，粉体一次粒子粒径小于1μm，分散性差，但烧结性能良好。     

微波水热制备Fe-Zr催化剂及其CO加氢制烯烃性能研究

以ZrO(NO3)2·2H2O和Fe(NO3)3·9H2O为原料,采用微波水热法制备了不同Fe2O3/ZrO2物质的量比的Fe-Zr催化剂,并经K改性,研究了其催化CO加氢一步法合成低碳烯烃性能。采用XRD、SEM、TEM和N2吸附-脱附等手段对其物相、形貌和比表面积等进行了表征。结果表明,与共沉淀法相比,微波水热制备的Fe-Zr催化剂颗粒粒径均一,具有相对较小的比表面积和较大的孔径;在CO加氢反应中,Zr助剂的添加显著改善了产物分布,Fe、Zr间适宜的相互作用和相对较大的孔径,有利于抑制CH4的生成,提高烯烃选择性。随着Fe2O3/ZrO2物质的量比的降低,Fe、Zr间相互作用逐渐增强,烯烃选择性和收率先增加后降低。当Fe2O3/ZrO2物质的量比为75∶25时,在340℃、1.5 MPa、1 000 h-1和H2/CO物质的量比为2的条件下,烯烷比(O/P)达4.86,总烯烃收率达62.57 g/m3。     

纳米钙钛矿LaxSr1-xFe1-yCoyO3复合氧化物的制备和表征

用甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧合成法，制备La_xSr_1-xFe_1-yCo_yO₃复合氧化物的陶瓷粉末，对该钙钛矿型氧化物进行了XRD、IR、紫外漫反射光谱及循环伏安曲线分析。结果表明：该复合氧化物粉体平均晶粒为15.3～29.8 nm,为立方和正交晶系。该氧电极具有双功能催化特性，但不完全可逆。对水溶液染料进行光解实验，利用紫外-可见、人工神经网络光度法研究La_xSr_1-xFe_1-yCo_yO₃的催化性能。结果表明：CO²⁺的加入可使La_xSr_1-xFeO₃的光催化活性有所提高，B位离子(Fe³⁺，CO²⁺)改变与加入，使La_xSr_1-xFe_1-yCo_yO₃(x=0.7，0.3；y=0.3，0.9，1)光催化活性高于La_xSr_1-xFeO₃。同时，对5种染料进行紫外光解，在0.75 h，脱色率大于91%，并为动力学一级反应。     

Suppression of magnetic order in Sr3Fe2O4Cl2 by Fe-site substitution by cobalt

The low-temperature topotactic reduction of Sr(3)Fe(2-x)Co(x)O(5)Cl(2) oxychloride phases with LiH allows the preparation of phases of composition Sr(3)Fe(2-x)Co(x)O(4)Cl(2) (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). The reduced phases adopt body-centered tetragonal structures which are isostructural with Sr(3)Fe(2)O(4)Cl(2) and contain square-planar (Fe/Co)O(4) centers connected into apex-linked sheets, analogous to the CuO(2) sheets present in superconducting cuprate phases. As the cobalt concentration in Sr(3)Fe(2-x)Co(x)O(4)Cl(2) is increased the antiferromagnetic order of the Sr(3)Fe(2)O(4)Cl(2) host phase is suppressed, ultimately leading to spin-glass behavior, at low temperature, in Sr(3)Fe(2-x)Co(x)O(4)Cl(2) phases with x ≥ 0.8. The limited influence of cobalt substitution on the reactions which form the Sr(3)Fe(2-x)Co(x)O(4)Cl(2) phases is discussed and contrasted to that of the related SrFeO(3-δ)-SrFeO(2) system.     

Stabilization and study of SrFe(1-x)Mn(x)O2 oxides with infinite-layer structure

A series of layered oxides of nominal composition SrFe(1-x)Mn(x)O(2) (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) have been prepared by the reduction of three-dimensional perovskites SrFe(1-x)Mn(x)O(3-δ) with CaH(2) under mild temperature conditions of 583 K for 2 days. The samples with x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2 exhibit an infinite-layer crystal structure where all of the apical O atoms have been selectively removed upon reduction. A selected sample (x = 0.2) has been studied by neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Both techniques indicate that Fe and Mn adopt a divalent oxidation state, although Fe(2+) ions are under tensile stress whereas Mn(2+) ions undergo compressive stress in the structure. The unit-cell parameters progressively evolve from a = 3.9932(4) ? and c = 3.4790(4) ? for x = 0 to a = 4.00861(15) ? and c = 3.46769(16) ? for x = 0.2; the cell volume presents an expansion across the series from V = 55.47(1) to 55.722(4) ?(3) for x = 0 and 0.2, respectively, because of the larger effective ionic radius of Mn(2+) versus Fe(2+) in four-fold coordination. Attempts to prepare Mn-rich compositions beyond x = 0.2 were unsuccessful. For SrFe(0.8)Mn(0.2)O(2), the magnetic properties indicate a strong magnetic coupling between Fe(2+) and Mn(2+) magnetic moments, with an antiferromagnetic temperature T(N) above room temperature, between 453 and 523 K, according to temperature-dependent NPD data. The NPD data include Bragg reflections of magnetic origin, accounted for with a propagation vector k = ((1)/(2), (1)/(2), (1)/(2)). A G-type antiferromagnetic structure was modeled with magnetic moments at the Fe/Mn position. The refined ordered magnetic moment at this position is 1.71(3) μ(B)/f.u. at 295 K. This is an extraordinary example where Mn(2+) and Fe(2+) ions are stabilized in a square-planar oxygen coordination within an infinite-layer structure. The layered SrFe(1-x)Mn(x)O(2) oxides are kinetically stable at room temperature, but in air at ~170 °C, they reoxidize and form the perovskites SrFe(1-x)Mn(x)O(3-δ). A cubic phase is obtained upon reoxidation of the layered compound, whereas the starting precursor SrFeO(2.875) (Sr(8)Fe(8)O(23)) was a tetragonal superstructure of perovskite.     

Co~(2+)/Dy~(3+)掺杂纳米立方Fe_3O_4的热还原制备及磁靶向滞留性能

采用热还原沉淀法制备了一系列Co~(2+)/Dy~(3+)掺杂的纳米立方MxFe3-xO4磁性颗粒.利用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜和振动样品磁强计研究了不同含量掺杂离子对MxFe3-xO4晶体结构、形貌及磁性的影响.研究发现,掺杂未改变母体的对称性,但母体形貌逐渐从立方体向球体过渡;Co~(2+)和Dy~(3+)的掺杂对于铁氧体磁学性质的影响明显不同,当Co~(2+)实际掺杂量为0.44和Dy~(3+)实际掺杂量为0.05时,MxFe3-xO4立方磁性粒子的饱和磁化强度(Ms)达到最大值,分别为76.65和70.21 A·m2·kg-1.与超顺磁性Fe_3O_4球体相比,高磁性掺杂Fe_3O_4立方体在体外模拟磁流体磁靶向定位实验中显示出较高的滞留率.     

New oxides showing an intense orange color based on Fe3+ in trigonal-bipyramidal coordination

Hexagonal YIn(1-x)Fe(x)O(3) phases have been prepared and characterized. The coordination for the In/Fe site in this structure is trigonal-bipyramidal. The colors of the phases change from yellow to orange to dark red with increasing Fe content. Magnetic measurements confirm high-spin Fe(3+) for all phases.     

Pd2+/Pd0 redox cycling in hexagonal YMn(0.5)Fe(0.5)O3: implications for catalysis by PGM-substituted complex oxides

Complex oxides--containing at least two different cations on crystallographically distinct sites--have recently been shown to display redox cycling of platinum group metals (PGMs), such as Pd; for example, Pd-substituted complex oxides can reversibly extrude metallic Pd under reducing conditions and then reincorporate Pd(2+) ions into the lattice under oxidizing conditions. The title compounds, YMn(0.5)Fe(0.5-x)Pd(x)O(3-δ) (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.07) crystallizing in the noncentrosymmetric YMnO(3) structure, were prepared using a sol-gel process at 800 °C, and the structures were refined from high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data. Their redox cycling behavior was monitored using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and EXAFS studies. In contrast to the previously studied complex oxide host compounds, YMn(0.5)Fe(0.5-x)Pd(x)O(3-δ) is only modestly tolerant to cycling: repeated redox cycling leads to the formation of PdO, which, on the time-scale of the oxidation cycles, does not reincorporate in the complex oxide lattice. Both oxidized and reduced samples were tested for the oxidation of CO to CO(2) under CO-lean conditions. YMn(0.5)Fe(0.5-x)Pd(x)O(3-δ) performs essentially as well as previously studied YFe(1-x)Pd(x)O(3-δ). The CO oxidation light-off characteristics of the hexagonal hosts are very similar to finely dispersed PdO. Despite evidence that Pd is almost fully dispersed as divalent ions in the host lattice, which is presumably accompanied by the concurrent creation of oxygen vacancies (2 Pd(2+):1 V(O(2-))), the as-prepared hexagonal materials do not display any significant improvement in catalytic activity as a function of Pd substitution level. This suggests that the corner-connected trigonal bipyramids that characterize this structural family do not enable the transport of oxygen through the bulk of the lattice. The study casts light on factors in the solid-state chemistry of precious metal-substituted complex oxides that influence the efficacy of redox cycling of the precious metal, and catalytic performance.     

Photomagnetic K(0.25)Ni(1-x)Co(x)[Fe(CN)6]·nH2O and K(0.25)Co[Fe(CN)6](0.75y)[Cr(CN)6](0.75(1-y))·nH2O Prussian blue analogue solid solutions

Magnetically bistable solid solutions of Prussian blue analogues with chemical formulas of K(α)Ni(1-x)Co(x)[Fe(CN)(6)](β)·nH(2)O (Ni(1-x)Co(x)Fe) and K(α)Co(γ)[Fe(CN)(6)](y)[Cr(CN)(6)](1-y)·nH(2)O (CoFe(y)Cr(1-y)) have been synthesized and studied using mass spectrometry, M?ssbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, temperature-dependent infrared spectroscopy, and dc magnetometry. These compounds provide insight into interfaces between the photomagnetic Co-Fe Prussian blue analogue and the high-T(C) Ni-Cr Prussian blue analogue that exist in high-T(C) photomagnetic heterostructures. This investigation shows that the bistability of Co-Fe is strongly modified by metal substitution, with Ni(1-x)Co(x)Fe stabilizing high-spin cobalt-iron pairs and CoFe(y)Cr(1-y) stabilizing low-spin cobalt-iron pairs, while both types of substitution cause a dramatic decrease in the bistability of the material.     

Magnetic and high rate adsorption properties of porous Mn(1-x)Zn(x)Fe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) adsorbents

Porous spinel ferrites Mn(1-x)Zn(x)Fe(2)O(4) (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) are synthesized by a simple sol-gel method with egg white. All samples exhibit porous morphologies and large BET surface area (S(BET)). The substitution of Zn(2+) affects the magnetic properties of ferrites and the adsorption properties of methylene blue (MB) on ferrites, obviously. The saturation magnetization (Ms) of Mn(1-x)Zn(x)Fe(2)O(4) increases before x=0.4, and decreases with further increase of Zn(2+) substitution. This can be ascribed to the changes of the cationic distribution and the variation of spin arrangement in A-site and B-site of spinel structure. All samples show high adsorption capacity and the removal efficiencies of MB reach up to >90% within 3 h. The Zn(2+) substitution accelerates the adsorption rate and capacity of MB on Mn(1-x)Zn(x)Fe(2)O(4). The quickest adsorption occurred at x=0.2 and the largest adsorption capacity occurred at x=0.8.     

Tuning the potentials of "extra" electrons in colloidal n-type ZnO nanocrystals via Mg2+ substitution

Colloidal reduced ZnO nanocrystals are potent reductants for one-electron or multielectron redox chemistry, with reduction potentials tunable via the quantum confinement effect. Other methods for tuning the redox potentials of these unusual reagents are desired. Here, we describe synthesis and characterization of a series of colloidal Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O and Zn(0.98-x)Mg(x)Mn(0.02)O nanocrystals in which Mg(2+) substitution is used to tune the nanocrystal reduction potential. The effect of Mg(2+) doping on the band-edge potentials of ZnO was investigated using electronic absorption, photoluminescence, and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopies. Mg(2+) incorporation widens the ZnO gap by raising the conduction-band potential and lowering the valence-band potential at a ratio of 0.68:0.32. Mg(2+) substitution is far more effective than Zn(2+) removal in raising the conduction-band potential and allows better reductants to be prepared from Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O nanocrystals than can be achieved via quantum confinement of ZnO nanocrystals. The increased conduction-band potentials of Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O nanocrystals compared to ZnO nanocrystals are confirmed by demonstration of spontaneous electron transfer from n-type Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O nanocrystals to smaller (more strongly quantum confined) ZnO nanocrystals.     

Tunable electrical and magnetic properties of half-metallic Zn(x)Fe(3-x)O4 from first principles

The electrical and magnetic properties of Zn-doped Fe(3)O(4) at different doping concentrations of Zn have been investigated using a density functional method with generalized-gradient approximation corrected for on-site Coulombic interactions. The electronic structure calculation predicts that Zn(x)Fe(3-x)O(4) (0 ≤x≤ 0.875) is half-metallic with a full spin polarization. The hopping carrier concentration of Zn(x)Fe(3-x)O(4) decreases with increasing x, which indicates a distinct increase in the resistivity. The saturation magnetization of Zn(x)Fe(3-x)O(4) increases evidently with increasing x from x = 0 to x = 0.75 (i.e. from 4.0 to 8.3 μ(B)/f.u.) and then decreases rapidly to zero at x = 1. The robust half-metallicity, large tunability of electrical and magnetic properties of a Zn doped Fe(3)O(4) system make it a promising functional material for spintronic applications.