基于"微信+问卷星"闯关式化学实验预习模式的创新与实践——以"大学化学实验"为例

实验教学在培养工科学生的动手能力和科学素养等方面起着不可替代的作用。实验预习对于学生形成良好的实验习惯和安全意识攸关重要。本文基于"微信+问卷星"平台对大学化学实验预习模式进行了改革,引入游戏闯关理念,开发出闯关式大学化学实验预习在线考试小程序,以替代传统的纸质预习思考题,引导学生主动接受闯关式挑战,并取得了较好的教学效果。     

基于创新性应用型人才培养的《材料物理》教学改革与实践

为突出学生学习能力、应用能力和创新能力培养,对《材料物理》课程的教学内容与设计、教学方式、考核形式与评价方法等方面进行了改革。构建了科学合理的教学内容,创建并实践了基于功能材料设计思路的教学设计,辅以"翻转课堂"教学方式改革,结合开放式作业改革与评价方法创新,形成了适合于创新性应用型人才培养的《材料物理》课程教学模式,促进了学生学习能力、应用能力、创新能力和综合素质的提高,实现了学生"知识-能力-素质"层层推进式的培养格局。     

"对分课堂"新模式下的研究型教学实践——以河南理工大学本科高年级化学专业为例

以超分子化学课为载体,基于"生本课堂"教学理念,对教学内容、教学方法和特色实验教学三方面进行教学革新,构建了一套"对分课堂"教学新模式,激励学生进行挑战式学习,锻炼学生的学习能力、资源整合能力和沟通能力,同步提升高年级本科生的素质、能力和知识水平,取得了良好的教学效果。     

基于应用创新型人才培养的化工制图教学改革

以培养应用创新型人才为目标，针对我校化工制图教学中存在的不足，通过教学内容优化、教学模式革新、师资队伍强化和考核方式多元化等系列措施，重构了化工制图课程教学体系。教学实践表明：改革后的化工制图课程教学体系激发了学生的学习兴趣，提高了学生识图和绘图的技能，强化了学生的创新实践能力和自主学习能力，取得了良好的教学效果。     

基于雨课堂平台的化工基础“对分课堂”教学模式的探索与实践*

依托雨课堂教学平台,应用现代信息技术,在化工基础课堂教学中引入“对分课堂”教学理念和教学模式。以流体流动教学内容为教学案例,具体说明“对分课堂”教学模式的具体实施过程。实践结果表明,该教学模式激发了学生的学习兴趣和主观能动性,提高了课堂教学效果,有利于学生对化工基础知识的掌握、学生综合能力的培养和后续生产实践的应用。     

LDI学生成绩评价方法的构建——以精细化学品化学课程为例

根据我院化工专业精细化学品化学课程改革的实际，围绕以评促学、以评助教，构建了LDI学生课程成绩评价方法。该方法以教师和学生为评价主体，从3个环节（理论学习、课内实验、创新实践）、4个维度（课前自学、课堂学习、课内实验与创新实践、期末考试）入手，将评价内容分为多个项目来引导学生学习、实践，并全面考核学生的知识与能力。该法不仅能提高学生学习的主动性，还能潜移默化地培养学生的创新意识和团队精神。     

"中学化学解题技巧"课程开设探讨

“中学化学解题技巧”是一门实践性很强的课程,与化学教学论课程相辅相成。这门课程对提高学生创新思维和创新能力、提高学生分析问题和解决问题能力,具有促进作用。本文对该课程对高师生如何进行科学方法的启迪和思维能力的培养以及课堂评价作了进一步的阐述,并对教学效果进行了分析和探讨。     

注重基础促进交叉尊重选择培育英才 ——北京大学化学学科"拔尖计划"十年

北京大学化学与分子工程学院在实施基础学科拔尖学生培养计划过程中,实行动态管理制度,低年级统一培养,高年级通过制定个性化教学方案和参加科研训练的办法遴选拔尖学生,探索"扎根课堂打好基础,依托科研提高能力,着眼交流开阔眼界"的培养模式,实现"以高水平科研带动创新人才培养"的目标。在基础核心课程中设置平行的英文班和阅读讨论班以适应不同学生的需求。2016年,随着北京大学综合改革计划的推进,进一步明确了"一体化、多层次、开放式、重基础、求创新"的教学指导思想,在注重化学基础理论知识和基本实验方法培养、注重数学和物理基础知识学习的基础上,构建多样化和多模式的立体课程体系,为学生提供适合的课程学习和个性化学术发展途径。     

基于制药工程专业认证的化工原理课程体系创新与建设*

归纳并总结了制药工程专业化工原理教学过程存在的问题,并基于本科国家教学质量标准、工程教育专业认证通用标准及补充标准,对制药工程专业化工原理理论课课程体系进行重新构建。在此基础上,提出多种导课方法结合、加强对复杂工程问题的分析与解决能力、强化讲解各单元操作之间的共性与本质、课程考核标准等改革措施,并对改革效果进行分析。改革后的化工原理课程提高了学生解决复杂制药工程问题的能力,课程目标达成情况明显改善,取得了良好的教学效果。     

基于创新人才培养的化工原理实验教学体系的构建

介绍了化工原理实验教学在教学模块与实验层次、课程内容、教学方法与成绩评定3个方面进行的改革与创新。通过开设演示型、验证型、综合型和研究开发型4个不同层次的实验项目,以学生为主体,培养其实验技能与创新意识,不断提高学生的创新能力。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.