EDTA辅助合成Li2MnSiO4/C纳米复合锂离子电池正极材料及性能

以乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）为配位剂,采用溶胶凝胶和溶剂热法相结合的方法合成了Li₂MnSiO₄/C纳米复合正极材料。经过EDTA配位的锂锰硅前驱体在氩气中经过700℃煅烧后,产生为颗粒尺寸约为50nm的Li₂MnSiO₄/C纳米复合粉体。在0.1C=33mA·g^-1进行充放电测试时,其首次充电和放电比容量分别为223和140mAh·g^-1,第5次循环放电比容量仍为138mAh·g^-1;电流密度升至0.2C=66mA·g^-1时,在第20次循环的放电比容量仍可稳定在80mAh·g^-1左右。这些结果表明,EDTA的配位作用可抑制杂相的形成,这种分散性相对较好的纳米复合粉体Li₂MnSiO₄正极材料表现出提高的循环稳定性。     

ZrO2包覆的层状富锂正极材料0.6Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2·0.4LiNi5/12Mn5/12Co1/6O2的电化学性能

采用喷雾干燥法合成了富锂层状氧化物正极材料0.6Li[Li_1/3Mn_2/3]O₂·0.4LiNi_5/12Mn_5/12Co_1/6O₂(简称LNMCO),并使用Zr (CH₃COO)₄进行ZrO₂的包覆改性。TEM测试结果显示纳米级的ZrO₂颗粒附着在LNMCO的表面。包覆质量分数为1.5%的ZrO₂包覆样品的首圈库伦效率和放电比容量有着显著提升,在室温下其首圈库伦效率和放电比容量(电流密度：20 mA·g^-1,电压：2.0~4.8 V)分别为87.2%,279.3 mAh·g^-1,而原样则为75.1%,224.1 mAh·g^-1,循环100圈之后,1.5% ZrO₂包覆样品的放电比容量为248.3 mAh·g^-1,容量保持率为88.9%,高于原样的195.9 mAh·g^-1和87.4%。     

ZnCo2O4纳米颗粒组装的毛线团状的微球用于锂离子电池负极材料

通过液相共沉淀法获得Zn和Co的前驱,经过600℃煅烧处理获得ZnCo₂O₄纳米颗粒组装的毛线团状的微球。电化学测试表明,在0.5 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环200次可逆比容量保持为965 mAh·g^-1;在0.8 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环350次可逆比容量保持为882 mAh·g^-1。倍率性能测试表明在2 A·g^-1的电流密度时可逆比容量为736 mAh·g^-1。     

ZnCo2O4纳米颗粒组装的毛线团状的微球用于锂离子电池负极材料

通过液相共沉淀法获得Zn和Co的前驱,经过600℃煅烧处理获得ZnCo₂O₄纳米颗粒组装的毛线团状的微球。电化学测试表明,在0.5 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环200次可逆比容量保持为965 mAh·g^-1;在0.8 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环350次可逆比容量保持为882 mAh·g^-1。倍率性能测试表明在2 A·g^-1的电流密度时可逆比容量为736 mAh·g^-1。     

共聚物模板辅助合成高倍率性能多孔Li2FeSiO4@C/CNTs纳米复合正极材料

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了Li₂FeSiO₄@C/CNTs(LFS@C/CNTs)纳米复合材料,其中三嵌段共聚物P123用作结构导向剂和碳源,碳纳米管作为导电线提高材料的导电性。LFS@C/CNTs不仅具有海绵状纳米孔,能够与电解液充分接触改善锂离子的传输路径,同时由非晶碳和碳纳米管构成的三维桥联导电网络利于电子的快速传递,提高了材料大电流充放电能力和循环稳定性。复合后的LFS@C/CNTs的高倍率性能相比LFS@C明显提高, 当CNTs的掺量为4%,电压窗口为1.5~4.5 V,0.1C电流密度下放电比容量为182 mAh·g^-1。在10C经70次循环后该材料的放电比容量能保持在117 mAh·g^-1,是LFS@C放电比容量(55 mAh·g^-1)的两倍。     

共聚物模板辅助合成高倍率性能多孔Li2FeSiO4@C/CNTs纳米复合正极材料

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了Li₂FeSiO₄@C/CNTs(LFS@C/CNTs)纳米复合材料,其中三嵌段共聚物P123用作结构导向剂和碳源,碳纳米管作为导电线提高材料的导电性。LFS@C/CNTs不仅具有海绵状纳米孔,能够与电解液充分接触改善锂离子的传输路径,同时由非晶碳和碳纳米管构成的三维桥联导电网络利于电子的快速传递,提高了材料大电流充放电能力和循环稳定性。复合后的LFS@C/CNTs的高倍率性能相比LFS@C明显提高, 当CNTs的掺量为4%,电压窗口为1.5~4.5 V,0.1C电流密度下放电比容量为182 mAh·g^-1。在10C经70次循环后该材料的放电比容量能保持在117 mAh·g^-1,是LFS@C放电比容量(55 mAh·g^-1)的两倍。     

二维层状Ti3C2Tx-MXene@VS2用于高性能锂离子电池负极

为探索一种高性能的锂离子电池负极材料,采用酸刻蚀法制备了高导电性、高稳定性的二维层状Ti₃C₂T_x,通过溶剂热法制备了具有高理论比容量的花瓣状VS₂纳米片,再经过简单的液相混合得到了二维层状Ti₃C₂T_x-MXene@VS₂复合物。通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射和能谱分析对复合材料的形貌和结构进行了表征,采用循环伏安、恒流充放电、长循环和交流阻抗谱对复合材料的电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明：VS₂纳米片均匀地分布在Ti₃C₂T_x的层间及表面,该复合物具有高的可逆容量(电流密度为0.1A·g^-1时,比容量为610.5mAh·g^-1)、良好的倍率性能(电流密度为2A·g^-1时,比容量为197.1mAh·g^-1)和良好的循环稳定性(电流密度为0.2 A·g^-1时,循环600圈后比容量为874.9 mAh·g^-1;电流密度为2 A·g^-1时,循环1 500圈后比容量为115.9mAh·g^-1)。     

N掺杂MnO2/碳布复合材料的制备及储锂性能

采用碳布（CC）为柔性基底,通过水热法制备了MnO₂/CC及N掺杂MnO₂/CC无黏结剂负极材料,借助X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、比表面积测试和恒电流充放电对材料进行了结构表征及电化学性能测试。结果表明N掺杂MnO₂/CC具有良好的倍率性能和循环稳定性。在0.1 A·g^-1的电流密度下,其首次充电比容量为948.8 mAh·g^-1,经过不同倍率测试后电流密度恢复至0.1 A·g^-1时仍然保持有907.9 mAh·g^-1的可逆比容量,容量保持率为95.7%。在1 A·g^-1的大电流密度下,其首次充电比容量为640.3 mAh·g^-1,循环100次后仍然保持有529.9 mAh·g^-1的可逆比容量,容量保持率为82.8%,可逆比容量远高于商用MnO₂。     

MoO3纳米带/RGO复合材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

以水杨酸为模板剂和还原剂,采用水热法制备得到了一种MoO₃纳米带/RGO复合材料。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、拉曼光谱、恒流充放电、交流阻抗等手段对样品的结构、形貌以及电化学性能进行表征。测试结果表明,MoO₃纳米带/RGO复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料,在50mA·g^-1的电流密度下可逆比容量为1000mAh·g^-1,循环50次后比容量还保持在950mAh·g^-1,相比于MoO₃纳米带其容量保持能力和循环性能得到了显著改善。     

富锂层状正极材料Li2Mn1-xTixO3的合成及电化学性能

应用简单的高温固相烧结法合成了Ti掺杂改性的Li₂MnO₃材料。电子扫描显微镜、X射线衍射以及X射线光电子能谱分析表明Ti元素取代Mn离子掺入到Li₂MnO₃晶格中,且掺杂能有效地抑制一次颗粒的团聚。电化学阻抗和恒流充放电测试结果表明,在2.0~4.6 V的电压窗口下,掺杂改性的样品Li₂Mn_0.9Ti_0.03O₃的首圈放电比容量达到209 mAh·g^-1,库仑效率为99.5%,循环40圈后容量保持率为94%;当电流密度增大到400 mA·g^-1时,掺杂改性的样品仍然可以放出120 mAh·g^-1比容量,远高于同等电流密度下未掺杂的Li₂MnO₃原粉的比容量（52 mAh·g^-1）。Ti掺杂可有效地改善Li₂MnO₃的循环稳定性和倍率性能,有利于促进该材料的商业化应用。     

Li2O-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5和Li2O-TiO2-Al2O3-P2O5体系锂离子固体电解质的制备及性能研究

一些具有NASICON型网格结构的固体电解质具有高的电导率和好的稳定性,NASICON的意思是Na Super Ionic Conductor[1]。当NaZr2(PO4)3中P5 被Si4 部分取代时便可以得到具有NASICON结构的Na1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系,其具有高的钠离子电导率。然而有相同结构的Li1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系的离子电导率却很低,这是因为Li 半径太小,而NASICON三维网格结构的离子通道太大,两者不匹配而使电导率下降[2]。但当LiZr2(PO4)3中Zr4 被离子半径小些的Ti4 取代,所得LiTi2(PO4)3的通道就与Li 半径相匹配,适合于锂离子的迁移,从而使其电导率…     

Ion-beam irradiation of lanthanum compounds in the systems La2O3-Al2O3 and La2O3-TiO2

Thin crystals of La₂O₃, LaAlO₃, La_2/3TiO₃, La₂TiO₅, and La₂Ti₂O₇ have been irradiated in situ using 1 MeV Kr²⁺ ions at the Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscope-Tandem User Facility (IVEM-Tandem), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). We observed that La₂O₃ remained crystalline to a fluence greater than 3.1×10¹⁶ ions cm⁻² at a temperature of 50 K. The four binary oxide compounds in the two systems were observed through the crystalline-amorphous transition as a function of ion fluence and temperature. Results from the ion irradiations give critical temperatures for amorphisation (T_c) of 647 K for LaAlO₃, 840 K for La₂Ti₂O₇, 865 K for La_2/3TiO₃, and 1027 K for La₂TiO₅. The T_c values observed in this study, together with previous data for Al₂O₃ and TiO₂, are discussed with reference to the melting points for the La₂O₃-Al₂O₃ and La₂O₃-TiO₂ systems and the different local environments within the four crystal structures. Results suggest that there is an observable inverse correlation between T_c and melting temperature (T_m) in the two systems. More complex relationships exist between T_c and crystal structure, with the stoichiometric perovskite LaAlO₃ being the most resistant to amorphisation.     

Li2O-Na2O-B2O3-SiO2烧结助剂对BaAl2Si2O8陶瓷结构与介电性能的影响

采用传统固相反应工艺,按化学计量比合成BaO-Al_2O3-SiO_2(BAS)-x%(w/w) Li_2O-Na_2O-B_2O3-SiO_2(LNBS)(x=0,1,2,3,4)陶瓷。研究不同LNBS烧结助剂添加量对BAS系微波介质陶瓷的结构和介电性能的影响。通过Clausius-Mossotti公式计算讨论了BAS理论与实验介电常数(εr)的差异。研究结果表明:LNBS烧结助剂中Li+进入钡长石Al3+位或单四元环(S4R)间隙,并产生了O_2-空位或Ba2+空位,从而促进BAS六方相向单斜相的转变。添加适量的LNBS烧结助剂后,BAS陶瓷的烧结温度从1 400℃降低到1 325℃,同时BAS陶瓷样品密度、品质因数(Qf)值以及频率温度系数(τf)得到改善。当x=1,烧结温度为1 325℃时,可获得综合性能相对较好的BAS陶瓷,其介电性能:Qf=35 199 GHz,εr=6.37,τf=-1.613×10-5℃-1。     

XRD and Si MAS-NMR spectroscopy across the β-Lu2Si2O7-β-Y2Si2O7 solid solution

Samples in the system Lu_2−xY_xSi₂O₇ (0?x?2) have been synthesized following the sol-gel method and calcined to 1300 °C, a temperature at which the β-polymorph is known to be the stable phase for the end-members Lu₂Si₂O₇ and Y₂Si₂O₇. The XRD patterns of all the compositions studied are compatible with the structure of the β-polymorph. Unit cell parameters are calculated as a function of composition from XRD patterns. They show a linear change with increasing Y content, which indicates a solid solubility of β-Y₂Si₂O₇ in β-Lu₂Si₂O₇ at 1300 °C. ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectra of the different members of the system agree with the XRD results, showing a linear decrease of the ²⁹Si chemical shift with increasing Y content. Finally, a correlation reported in the literature to predict ²⁹Si chemical shifts in silicates is applied here to obtain the theoretical variation in ²⁹Si chemical shift values in the system Lu₂Si₂O₇-Y₂Si₂O₇ and the results compare favorably with the values obtained experimentally.     

Conversion of NO in NO/N2, NO/O2/N2, NO/C2H4/N2 and NO/C2H4/O2/N2 Systems by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasmas

An experimental study on the conversion of NO in the NO/N₂, NO/O₂/N₂, NO/C₂H₄/N₂ and NO/C₂H₄/O₂/N₂ systems has been carried out using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas at atmospheric pressure. In the NO/N₂ system, NO decomposition to N₂ and O₂ is the dominating reaction; NO conversion to NO₂ is less significant. O₂ produced from NO decomposition was detected by an on-line mass spectrometer. With the increase of NO initial concentration, the concentration of O₂ produced decreases at 298 K, but slightly increases at 523 K. In the NO/O₂/N₂ system, NO is mainly oxidized to NO₂, but NO conversion becomes very low at 523 K and over 1.6% of O₂. In the NO/C₂H₄/N₂ system, NO is reduced to N₂ with about the same NO conversion as that in the NO/N₂ system but without NO₂ formation. In the NO/C₂H₄/O₂/N₂ system, the oxidation of NO to NO₂ is dramatically promoted. At 523 K, with the increase of the energy density, NO conversion increases rapidly first, and then almost stabilizes at 93–91% of NO conversion with 61–55% of NO₂ selectivity in the energy density range of 317–550 J L⁻¹. It finally decreases gradually at high energy density. A negligible amount of N₂O is formed in the above four systems. Of the four systems studied, NO conversion and NO₂ selectivity of the NO/C₂H₄/O₂/N₂ system are the highest, and NO/O₂/C₂H₄/N₂ system has the lowest electrical energy consumption per NO molecule converted.     

Evolution and characterization of fluorite-like nano-SrBi2Nb2O9 phase in the SrO-Bi2O3-Nb2O5-Li2B4O7 glass system

Transparent glasses of various compositions in the system (100−x)Li₂B₄O₇−x(SrO-Bi₂O₃-Nb₂O₅) (where x=10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60, in molar ratio) were fabricated via splat quenching technique. The glassy nature of the as-quenched samples was established by differential thermal analyses. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopic studies confirmed the amorphous nature of the as-quenched and crystallinity in the heat-treated samples. Fluorite phase formation prior to the perovskite SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ phase was analyzed by both the XRD and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Dielectric and the optical properties (transmission, optical band gap and Urbach energy) of these samples have been found to be compositional dependent. Refractive index was measured and compared with the values predicted by Wemple-Didomemenico and Gladstone-Dale relations. The glass nanocomposites comprising nanometer-sized crystallites of fluorite phase were found to be nonlinear optic active.     

Cu-MOF催化过氧化氢应用于多巴胺的检测

本文利用一种具有H_2O_2催化活性的Cu-MOF[Cu_3(BTC)_2(H_2O)_3,简称HKUST-1],构建了以邻苯二胺(OPD)为颜色指示分子的比色传感体系,实现了对H_2O_2和多巴胺(DA)的快速灵敏检测。HKUST-1起到催化H_2O_2氧化OPD的作用,反应体系能够呈现出显著的颜色变化。在优化条件下,415nm处的吸收峰强度与H_2O_2浓度呈双线性关系,线性范围分别为10~50 mmol/L和50~100 mmol/L,相对标准偏差分别为0.9947和0.9995,最低检出限为1.29mmol/L。由于DA能抑制H_2O_2氧化OPD,因此比色传感体系还可以用于快速检测DA,线性范围分别为0.25~5μmol/L和2.5~25μmol/L,相对标准偏差分别为0.9783和0.9705,最低检出限为0.262μmol/L。该项工作拓展了Cu-MOFs材料在生物分子催化和生物传感方面的应用。     

The Ternary System Li2O-Al2O3-B2O3: Compounds and Phase Relations

The ternary system Li₂O-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃ is reinvestigated with solid-state reaction and X-ray powder diffraction technique to clarify some long-standing uncertainties. The phase relations are constructed based on the phase identifications of 51 ternary samples. Six ternary compounds, Li₂AlB₅O₁₀, LiAlB₂O₅, Li₃AlB₂O₆, Li₂AlBO₄, LiAl₇B₄O₁₇ and a compound with a composition close to 0.66Li₂O·0.06Al₂O₃·0.28B₂O₃, are observed or confirmed in this system, and the thermal stability of these ternary compounds is also discussed on the basis of DTA experimental results.     

The reaction of MgCl2·4H2O with CCl2F2

A new reaction of MgCl₂·4H₂O with CCl₂F₂ is investigated by DTA and TG from room temperature to 350 °C. It is observed that MgF₂ was obtained between 252 and 350 °C, Below the temperature, MgCl₂·4H₂O dehydrates and hydrolyzes to MgCl₂ and Mg(OH)Cl, which are the real reactants of the reaction with CCl₂F₂. The formation of MgF₂ is ascribed to the reaction of MgCl₂ and Mg(OH)Cl with HF, which forms by decomposition of CCl₂F₂ with the taking part in of H₂O released from dehydration of hydrated magnesium chloride on the surface of MgCl₂ and Mg(OH)Cl, which catalyzes the decomposition of CCl₂F₂ in this case. Consequently, the reactions are tested in the fluid-bed condition. It is found that MgF₂ formed at temperatures down to 200 °C in a fluid-bed reactor. This reaction may be used as a method of disposing of the environmentally sensitive CCl₂F₂ (rather than release into the atmosphere). It is also a method for the preparation of MgF₂.     

Solubility of (UO2)3(PO4)2?4H2O in H+-Na+-OH?-H2PO?4-HPO2?4-PO3?4-H2O and Its Comparison to the Analogous PuO2 +2 System

The objectives of this study were to address uncertainties in the solubility product of (UO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(c) and in the phosphate complexes of U(VI), and more importantly to develop needed thermodynamic data for the Pu(VI)-phosphate system in order to ascertain the extent to which U(VI) and Pu(VI) behave in an analogous fashion. Thus studies were conducted on (UO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(c) and (PuO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(am) solubilities for long-equilibration periods (up to 870 days) in a wide range of pH values (2.5 to 10.5) at fixed phosphate concentrations of 0.001 and 0.01 M, and in a range of phosphate concentrations (0.0001–1.0 M) at fixed pH values of about 3.5. A combination of techniques (XRD, DTA/TG, XAS, and thermodynamic analyses) was used to characterize the reaction products. The U(VI)-phosphate data for the most part agree closely with thermodynamic data presented in Guillaumont et al.,⁽¹⁾ although we cannot verify the existence of several U(VI) hydrolyses and phosphate species and we find the reported value for formation constant of UO₂PO⁻₄ is in error by more than two orders of magnitude. A comprehensive thermodynamic model for (PuO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(am) solubility in the H⁺-Na⁺-OH⁻-Cl⁻-H₂PO⁻₄-HPO²⁻₄-PO³⁻₄-H₂O system, previously unavailable, is presented and the data shows that the U(VI)-phosphate system is an excellent analog for the Pu(VI)-phosphate system.