烷烃加氢异构化反应

综述了烷烃加氢异构化反应中的正碳离子异构和裂化机理、孔口与钥匙锁催化、择形催化及双分子机理,详细论述了分子筛基双功能催化剂酸性、金属、金属酸位比、孔道、晶粒尺寸和催化剂改性对烷烃加氢异构反应活性、异构选择性等的影响。论述了近期烷烃加氢异构催化剂改性的新方法。提出针对不同催化剂体系,根据反应机理提高异构催化剂活性和选择性的途径。     

正庚烷与正十四烷在Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上临氢异构化

采用连续流动固定床反应装置，研究了0.6%Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上正庚烷与正十四烷的临氢异构转化。实验结果表明，在反应温度200 ℃～420 ℃，压力0.5 MPa，质量空速2.0 h－1的反应条件下，两种原料在高转化时均可保持90%以上的异构化选择性。在转化率小于55%时，C7与C14临氢异构所遵循的反应规律是一致的，即异构化和裂解的相对反应速率相同。依据产物分布组成随转化率变化的规律，提出了烷烃在Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上加氢转化的反应网络。同时，实验结果支持烷烃异构化反应在分子筛孔道内进行的观点。     

SAPO-11的制备及正十八烷异构性能研究

采用水热法合成出不同硅铝比的SAPO-11分子筛,负载Pt后在固定床反应器上对正十八烷进行临氢异构化.采用XRD、BET、SEM、TEM和NH_3-TPD对分子筛及催化剂进行表征.考察了不同Si含量对正十八烷临氢异构性能的影响,确定硅铝比为0.3最适宜;改变反应温度、压力、空速以及氢油比等参数,考察了0.5%Pt/SAPO-11催化剂的异构化性能.结果表明:340℃、3 MPa、空速为1 h-1和氢油体积比为1 000∶1时,正十八烷转化率达到73.1%,煤汽油比1.44,异构收率64.2%.     

SAPO-11的制备及十八烷异构性能研究

采用水热法合成出不同硅铝比的SAPO-11分子筛,负载Pt后的催化剂在固定床反应器上对正十八烷进行临氢异构化反应。采用XRD、BET、SEM、TEM和NH3-TPD对载体及催化剂进行表征。考察了Si含量的变化对正十八烷临氢异构性能的影响。通过改变温度、压力、空速以及氢油比等反应参数,考察了硅铝比为0.3的0.5%Pt/SAPO-11催化剂的异构化性能。确定最佳反应条件：在温度为340 ℃、压力为3 MPa、空速为1 h-1和氢油比为1000：1时,正十八烷转化率可达73.1%,煤气比为1.44,异构率为64.2%。     

乙醇对Pt/SAPO-11和Pt/ZSM-22催化剂烷烃异构化性能的影响

选用SAPO-11、ZSM-22两种分子筛为载体,浸渍Pt制备了Pt/SAPO-11和Pt/ZSM-22催化剂,以正庚烷为模型化合物,考察乙醇对催化剂临氢异构化反应性能的影响。并通过BET、XRD、C₂H₅OH-TPD和C₂H₅OH-FTIR等表征手段对催化剂的物化性能以及吸附反应性能和不同活性酸性位点进行了研究考察。结果表明,乙醇在临氢异构转化过程优先生成H₂O,并以H₂O的形式影响催化剂的异构化性能,催化剂异构活性与选择性随乙醇含量的增加而降低。与Pt/ZSM-22催化剂相比,Pt/SAPO-11催化剂由于有P-OH基团,表现出一定的抗含氧化物乙醇的性能。     

乙醇对Pt/SAPO-11和Pt/ZSM-22催化剂烷烃异构化性能的影响

选用SAPO-11、ZSM-22两种分子筛为载体,浸渍Pt制备了Pt/SAPO-11和Pt/ZSM-22催化剂,以正庚烷为模型化合物,考察乙醇对催化剂临氢异构化反应性能的影响。并通过BET、XRD、C2H5OH-TPD和C2H5OH-FTIR等表征手段对催化剂的物化性能以及吸附反应性能和不同活性酸性位点进行了研究考察。结果表明,乙醇在临氢异构转化过程优先生成H2O,并以H2O的形式影响催化剂的异构化性能,催化剂异构活性与选择性随乙醇含量的增加而降低。与Pt/ZSM-22催化剂相比,Pt/SAPO-11催化剂由于有P-OH基团,表现出一定的抗含氧化物乙醇的性能。     

不同链长正构烷烃在Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上的临氢转化规律研究

采用SAPO-11分子筛制备的双功能催化剂,以碳链长度为10-14的正构烷烃为模型化合物,探索了不同碳数的长链正构烷烃临氢转化反应规律。结果表明,低温下不同碳数的正构烃都表现出较高的异构化选择性,改变反应温度使反应转化率控制在85%以下时,正构烷烃的异构化选择性可以达到90%左右;随着碳数和温度升高,正构烷烃由于发生明显的裂化反应导致转化率提高和异构化选择性降低。采用SAPO-11分子筛催化材料的双功能催化剂具有明显的产物择形异构效应,异构化产物以甲基位于端位和碳链中心的单侧链异构体为主,双(多)支链产物较少。长链正构烷烃在Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上的裂化反应在低转化率以加氢裂化为主,裂化产物的碳数呈均匀分布;在高转化率下以酸催化裂化为主,裂化产物的碳数分布呈现明显的不对称分布特征。     

Pt/SAPO-11催化剂载体的改性对正十四烷临氢转化性能的影响

以Pt/SAPO-11双功能催化剂为基础,对催化剂载体进行柠檬酸、炭黑改性,以正十四烷为模型化合物,通过催化剂表征和反应评价,探索了催化剂载体的改性对正十四烷临氢转化性能的影响。结果表明,异构化产物以单甲基异构物为主,改性没有改变催化剂的酸强度,但使得酸浓度有所下降。通过柠檬酸调变催化剂的酸性使得催化剂的低温催化活性显著提高,采用炭黑扩孔改性,有效改善了催化剂的传质性能,提高了催化剂的单甲基异构体选择性。柠檬酸和炭黑改性的催化剂裂化产物均以C6为主,改性并没有改变SAPO-11分子筛的孔道限制效应,裂化产物呈现一定的择型效应,裂化产物分布呈现出不对称分布的特点。     

HZSM-5/Hβ复合分子筛的正辛烷临氢异构化和芳构化性能

将不同孔尺寸、酸强度的HZSM 5和Hβ分子筛混合制得复合载体,担载金属组分Ni、Mg、Mo、Zn制得烷烃异构化和芳构化催化剂M/C。采用XRD、BET、程序升温氨脱附（NH3 TPD）及吡啶吸附 脱附红外光谱法对制备的载体及催化剂进行了理化性质表征。以正辛烷为正构烷烃模型化合物,在连续加氢微型反应装置上评价了催化剂对正构烷烃异构化和芳构化反应的催化性能。结果表明,与单一分子筛相比,复合后载体的表面酸中心分布得到了调节,中强酸中心的增加有利于烷烃异构化和芳构化反应。复合分子筛催化剂引入不同金属组分进行改性后体现出不同的催化性能,其中Ni的引入既提供了加脱氢活性中心,又获得了适宜的B、L酸中心分布,使反应转化率和选择性显著提高。反应条件对催化剂的异构化和芳构化性能也有不同程度的影响,在320℃、2.8MPa、2.0h－1下,正辛烷的临氢异构化和芳构化选择性较好。     

磷铝系列分子筛催化剂的制备、表征及催化丁烷转化反应的研究

 合成了AlPO－11,SAPO－11及其含杂原子Co或Mn的磷铝系列分子筛．XRD结果证实,合成产物均具有AEL分子筛晶体结构．用X射线荧光光谱测定了晶体的元素组成,并用NH3－TPD考察了样品的酸性和酸分布．在以合成的分子筛为基质所制备的催化剂上进行了丁烷异构化和一步异构脱氢反应．结果表明,载0．3％Pd的SAPO－11分子筛催化剂具有最高的丁烷异构化选择性,而在丁烷一步异构脱氢反应中,含金属杂原子的催化剂具有更高的异丁烯选择性．     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.