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以正庚烷为模型化合物,在10 mL连续流动固定床反应装置上,考察了温度、压力、空速与氢烃摩尔比对0.4%Pt/SAPO-11催化剂临氢异构化反应性能的影响。结果表明,催化反应以烷烃异构化为主,正庚烷转化率达70%时异构产物选择性保持在90%以上,压力和氢烃摩尔比较小时,产物的选择性较高;压力太高裂解产物生成量增多对异构化选择性不利。获得了正庚烷在Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上临氢异构化的优化反应条件为,360 ℃~380 ℃,0.5 MPa~1.0 MPa,2.1 h-1~4.1 h-1,H2/CH(摩尔比)2~6;烷烃临氢异构化反应的一个条件变化,需要其他条件的改变来达到最佳的匹配。 相似文献
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Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上正十四烷临氢异构化: Ⅰ 反应条件对催化性能及稳定性的影响 总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1
以正十四烷为原料,在连续流动的固定床反应装置上,通过改变温度、压力、空速以及氢烃摩尔比等参数,考察了0.6%Pt/SAPO-11催化剂的异构化性能。结果表明,反应压力与氢烃摩尔比较低时,该催化剂仍具有良好的异构化选择性和催化稳定性。正十四烷反应的转化率高达95%时,异构化选择性仍保持在90%左右。正十四烷的转化率随温度的升高,压力、进料空速和氢烃摩尔比的降低而增大;异构化选择性呈现复杂的变化规律,反应压力和温度过高、进料空速和氢烃摩尔比太小都不利于异构体的生成。各反应参数不是单独起作用,它们之间存在相互作用;即一个参数变化时,需要其他参数的调整来获得最大的异构体收率。获得了正十四烷临氢异构的最佳条件为 300℃~330℃, 0.5MPa~2.0MPa,WHSV<10 h-1,H2/CH摩尔比1.1~8.7。 相似文献
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正庚烷与正十四烷在Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上临氢异构化 总被引:3,自引:6,他引:3
采用连续流动固定床反应装置,研究了0.6%Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上正庚烷与正十四烷的临氢异构转化。实验结果表明,在反应温度200 ℃~420 ℃,压力0.5 MPa,质量空速2.0 h-1的反应条件下,两种原料在高转化时均可保持90%以上的异构化选择性。在转化率小于55%时,C7与C14临氢异构所遵循的反应规律是一致的,即异构化和裂解的相对反应速率相同。依据产物分布组成随转化率变化的规律,提出了烷烃在Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上加氢转化的反应网络。同时,实验结果支持烷烃异构化反应在分子筛孔道内进行的观点。 相似文献
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分别以浸渍法和分步浸渍法制备了Ni/SAPO-11催化剂和Ni-Sn/SAPO-11双金属催化剂,利用XRD、F T-IR、NH_3-TPD、Py-IR、SEM等手段对其进行了表征,考察了Sn含量对分子筛结构和酸性的影响,并以正庚烷临氢异构化为探针反应,考察了Sn含量及反应条件对催化剂临氢异构化性能的影响.结果表明,在我们所考察的Sn含量范围(加入锡含量)内,所制备的催化剂均能保持SAPO-11分子筛晶相,金属Sn均可调节催化剂酸性.加入Sn可以明显提高正庚烷的转化率和异庚烷的选择性,其中,在氢烃比n(H_2)/n(n-C_7H_(16))为14、H_2流速为30m L/min、还原温度为430℃、还原时间为5 h、反应温度为300℃、反应时间为5 h、重时空速(WHSV)为6.8 h-1、反应压力为常压条件下,5%Ni-4%Sn/SAPO-11催化剂的催化性能较佳,其正庚烷转化率可达43%,异庚烷的选择性可达71%. 相似文献
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选用SAPO-11、ZSM-22两种分子筛为载体,浸渍Pt制备了Pt/SAPO-11和Pt/ZSM-22催化剂,以正庚烷为模型化合物,考察乙醇对催化剂临氢异构化反应性能的影响。并通过BET、XRD、C2H5OH-TPD和C2H5OH-FTIR等表征手段对催化剂的物化性能以及吸附反应性能和不同活性酸性位点进行了研究考察。结果表明,乙醇在临氢异构转化过程优先生成H2O,并以H2O的形式影响催化剂的异构化性能,催化剂异构活性与选择性随乙醇含量的增加而降低。与Pt/ZSM-22催化剂相比,Pt/SAPO-11催化剂由于有P-OH基团,表现出一定的抗含氧化物乙醇的性能。 相似文献
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选用SAPO-11、ZSM-22两种分子筛为载体,浸渍Pt制备了Pt/SAPO-11和Pt/ZSM-22催化剂,以正庚烷为模型化合物,考察乙醇对催化剂临氢异构化反应性能的影响。并通过BET、XRD、C2H5OH-TPD和C2H5OH-FTIR等表征手段对催化剂的物化性能以及吸附反应性能和不同活性酸性位点进行了研究考察。结果表明,乙醇在临氢异构转化过程优先生成H2O,并以H2O的形式影响催化剂的异构化性能,催化剂异构活性与选择性随乙醇含量的增加而降低。与Pt/ZSM-22催化剂相比,Pt/SAPO-11催化剂由于有P-OH基团,表现出一定的抗含氧化物乙醇的性能。 相似文献
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正庚烷在β沸石负载碳化钼催化剂上的异构化研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
利用程序升温还原法制备了β沸石负载碳化钼催化剂。XRD表征显示,利用正戊烷作为碳源得到了对异构化具有活性的βMo2C。以正庚烷为模型反应物,在连续流动固定床反应装置上考察了温度、压力、空速和氢烃比对βMo2C/β沸石催化剂临氢异构化反应性能的影响。获得了β沸石负载碳化钼催化剂上正庚烷异构化的最佳反应条件温度270℃~275℃,压力1.0MPa~1.5MPa,体积空速1.0h-1,氢烃体积比200∶1。在最佳条件下反应物转化率为82%,选择性和异构产物收率分别达到71%和58%。 相似文献
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分子筛催化剂上正十六烷的临氢异构化反应 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
对分子筛催化剂上正十六烷的临氢异构化反应进行了研究,考察了不同分子筛催化剂的活性和选择性,并对临氢异构化反应的产物分布进行了分析.在此基础上,对正十六烷的临氢异构化反应机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明,正十六烷在中孔分子筛催化剂上的临氢异构化反应主要在分子筛外表面和孔口进行,分子筛的择形作用对异构选择性的影响有限.这与一般情况下低分子量正构烷烃在择形分子筛上的临氢异构化反应有所不同.临氢异构化反应的异构选择性主要取决于催化剂酸性组分的酸性质,弱酸和中等强度的酸对异构化反应有利,而催化剂的活性则由酸性组分中B酸中心的数量和加氢组分的活性共同决定. 相似文献
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以脱除模板剂后的SBA-15为硅源和间接模板剂,在水热条件下制备多级孔SAPO-11分子筛,并通过XRD、SEM、红外光谱、氮气物理吸附-脱附等表征手段对样品的晶相、形貌、酸性和织构性质进行表征。结果表明,以焙烧后的SBA-15为硅源合成出纯相的SAPO-11分子筛,且SBA-15已完全转化。合成的SAPO-11样品呈空心的近方柱体形貌,由宽度为100 nm左右的细条聚集而成,晶粒粒径为1-3 μm。与白炭黑、硅溶胶合成的常规SAPO-11分子筛对比发现,添加SBA-15可在SAPO-11中引入介孔孔道,孔径为5-10 nm,且样品以中强度的Brønsted酸为主,弱Brønsted酸相对较少。以正十二烷为探针分子,考察Pt/SAPO-11催化剂的临氢异构化反应性能。结果表明,多级孔Pt/SAPO-11催化剂具有优良的异构化反应性能。催化剂的高活性和选择性与SAPO-11分子筛的酸性质和孔道结构密切相关,中强度的Brønsted酸量的增加有助于活性提高,同时介孔孔道有利于产物扩散,异构产物的选择性明显提高。 相似文献
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利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。 相似文献
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V. I. Bol'shakova L. I. Demenkova É. N. Shmidt V. A. Pentegova 《Chemistry of Natural Compounds》1989,24(6):691-694
The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988. 相似文献
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由于石化行业的生产需要,其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性,经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识,根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集,实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展,并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。 相似文献
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Mustafa R. Ibrahim Zacharia A. Fataftah Paul von Ragu Schleyer Peter D. Stout 《Journal of computational chemistry》1987,8(8):1131-1138
Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases. 相似文献
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V. I. Bol'shakova L. I. Demenkova É. N. Shmidt V. A. Pentegova 《Chemistry of Natural Compounds》1988,24(6):691-694
The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae. 相似文献
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Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin
E. I. Kapinus V. A. Ganzha B. M. Dzhagarov E. I. Sagun V. B. Pavlenko 《Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry》1989,25(2):146-151
The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989. 相似文献
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The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted
indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator
model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was
established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing
analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom.
Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997. 相似文献