基于UPLC/Q-TOF-MS分析附子半夏配伍相反的物质基础

利用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术(UPLC/Q-TOF-MS)分析附子半夏药对配伍相反的物质基础,从化学成分层次阐释其配伍相反机制.基于UPLC/Q-TOF-MS建立附子半夏药对配伍后生物碱类成分的化学指纹图谱,通过主成分分析法和正交偏最小二乘判别法分析药对配伍在合煎过程中的生物碱类成分的含量变化,找出差异变化显著的化学成分.结果表明正离子模式时附子半夏药对合煎液中次乌头碱,中乌头碱,乌头碱,去氧乌头碱,10-OH-中乌头碱,10-OH-乌头碱等的含量明显增高,而中乌头原碱,去乙酸中乌头原碱,去乙酸次乌头原碱,苯甲酰乌头原碱,苯甲酰次乌头原碱,10-OH-苯甲酰中乌头原碱等含量降低.附子半夏药对配伍应用时双酯型二萜生物碱的含量明显增高,而单酯型二萜生物碱的含量明显降低,这可能是附子半夏药对配伍相反作用的物质基础.     

电喷雾串联质谱分析附子炮制中的化学成分变化

利用电喷雾质谱方法(ESI-MS)分析了附子加辅料(甘草)炮制前后水煎液中二萜类生物碱在种类和含量方面的变化,通过加入内标化合物,建立了电喷雾质谱的半定量分析方法。此方法具有快速、准确、灵敏的特点,能够更加全面地反映中药配伍炮制过程中多种化学成分的含量变化,并能根据电喷雾串联质谱的分析结果鉴定配伍后产生的新的化学成分,在共煎液中的次乌头碱、中乌头碱和乌头碱的相对含量分别是单煎液中的5.67%、4.05%和4.88%。通过研究附子与甘草的单煎液、共煎液以及药渣中化学成分的变化,揭示了甘草作为辅料,在炮制过程中对附子减毒作用机理。     

乌头与贝母配伍化学成分变化的UPLC/Q-TOFMS研究

利用UPLC/Q-TOFMS对中药十八反药对——乌头贝母配伍的合煎液与合并液进行检测,经过MassLynx 4.1分析其化学成分存在差异,发现合煎后次乌头碱水解受到部分抑制,而其他主要的双酯型二萜生物碱溶出较少且水解较彻底,乌头与川贝配伍合煎的毒性相对较小,因而可能通过合理炮制减毒后应用于临床治疗.     

大孔树脂对麻黄细辛附子汤生物碱成分静态吸附及解吸附性能研究

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定麻黄细辛附子(MXF)汤复方水提液中盐酸麻黄碱、盐酸伪麻黄碱、苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱含量,考察了4种大孔树脂(HPD–100,HPD–722,HPD–400,HPD–600型)对5种生物碱的静态吸附、解吸附性能,筛选出分离纯化麻黄细辛附子汤中生物碱的最佳树脂。结果显示,HPD–722型树脂对5种生物碱的吸附过程稳定且吸附量大,具有较高的解吸附率(87.26%),优于其它3种树脂。HPD–722型大孔树脂适用于富集麻黄细辛附子汤中的生物碱类化合物。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱法比较黑顺片单煎液及其复方煎煮液中次乌头碱在大鼠体内的吸收

为了研究有毒中药中主要成分的体内吸收,以黑顺片单煎液及其复方煎煮液“术附汤”和“甘草附子汤”灌胃大鼠血浆中的次乌头碱为检测指标,建立了血浆中次乌头碱的超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC/Q-TOF MS)检测方法,并采用内标法对其进行了含量测定,绘制了血药浓度-时间曲线,计算了药动学参数。方法学考察结果表明血中次乌头碱在0.02～10 ng/mL范围内呈现良好的线性关系;样品测定结果表明,“术附汤”中的某种或某些成分抑制了次乌头碱的体内吸收,而“甘草附子汤”中的某种或某些成分促进了次乌头碱的体内吸收,两复方功效差异可能来源于次乌头碱在体内吸收程度的不同。由3种煎煮液中次乌头碱的消除半衰期(T1/2)及血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC)值推测次乌头碱在大鼠体内的转运过程为非线性动力学过程。     

近红外光谱法快速测定附子中6个生物碱的含量

应用近红外光谱(NIRS)技术结合偏最小二乘(PLS)和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)建立了附子中多指标成分的快速无损检测方法。选取38批样品建立了同时测定附子样品中6种成分含量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)方法;通过采集附子样品的NIRS图,分别采用PLS和LS-SVM建立了各个成分HPLC测定值与NIRS图的定量校正模型。所建立的苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱、乌头碱、单酯型生物碱总量和双酯型生物碱总量LS-SVM模型的相对预测偏差(RPD)分别为3.3、3.2、4.1、7.7、8.8、7.6、4.0和8.6;验证集相关系数(rpre)分别为0.9486、0.9475、0.9668、0.9909、0.9946、0.9969、0.9669和0.9927,且LS-SVM模型优于PLS模型,说明NIRS模型验证集与HPLC测定值具有良好的非线性关系,模型预测效果良好。采用NIRS技术结合LS-SVM模型可以快速对附子中的上述6个生物碱含量以及单酯型生物碱总量和双酯型生物碱总量进行检测,方法操作简便,对控制附子中的生物碱含量具有一定的指导作用。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱结合主成分分析方法研究制川乌配伍前后的肠内菌代谢差异

利用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用( UPLC-MS)技术结合主成分分析方法研究制川乌单煎液、制川乌与白芍、制川乌与防己共煎液在大鼠肠内菌中的代谢差异。采用SIMCA-P软件,以肠内菌代谢后乌头类生物碱的相对含量为变量进行主成分( PCA)分析。在主成分得分图中,制川乌单煎液与制川乌-白芍、制川乌-防己共煎液均可以明显区分,说明制川乌单煎液与制川乌-白芍、制川乌-防己共煎液的肠内菌生物转化存在显著差异。通过主成分分析载荷图及独立样本t检验,从制川乌-白芍组得到7种差异显著的标志物,从制川乌-防己组得到6种标志物,其中制川乌-白芍组有4种标志物经肠内菌代谢后含量高于制川乌组,而制川乌-防己组有1种化合物含量高于制川乌组,两组中其它标志物含量低于制川乌组。这些标志物可能是制川乌配伍前后药效差异的物质基础。     

UPLC-Q-TOF/MS分析不同比例丹参配伍藜芦毒性生物碱变化规律

利用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术研究不同配伍比例的丹参藜芦的化学指纹图谱, 并分析毒性生物碱在不同比例配伍混煎前后溶出量的变化. 同时利用小鼠的急性毒性实验来考察配伍后的毒性变化规律. 结果显示在正离子模式下, 各配伍组(A～H)样本之间的差异能得到明显区分, 并结合Loadings图谱和数据库确定了配伍化学指纹图谱中的17种藜芦生物碱毒性成分, 当固定藜芦用量为LD₅₀且藜芦比例大于丹参时, 藜芦定、伪介芬胺等生物碱溶出高于或与藜芦单煎液相当, 但随着丹参比例增加, 上述生物碱溶出呈逐渐下降趋势, 当丹参比例大于藜芦时, 生物碱溶出低于藜芦单煎液. 不同比例丹参藜芦配伍急性毒性实验毒性变化规律与上述生物碱含量的变化趋势吻合, 表明上述毒性生物碱可能是藜芦与丹参特定比例配伍后毒性增强主要化学标志物.     

电喷雾质谱半定量方法研究制川乌配伍后的大鼠肠内菌生物转化

利用建立的代谢前后生物碱成分的电喷雾质谱半定量分析方法,通过分析各药对共煎液经大鼠肠内菌群代谢后主要生物碱的含量变化,对制川乌与浙贝母、法半夏、白蔹分别配伍后共煎液中双酯型、单酯型及脂型生物碱的肠内菌生物转化进行了深入研究,研究结果表明,配伍后中药浙贝母增加共煎液中双酯型生物碱含量,法半夏降低共煎液中双酯型生物碱含量,而白蔹对共煎液中双酯型生物碱含量影响不大;在代谢过程中,大鼠肠内菌群能够将复方中双酯型生物碱转化为脂型生物碱,从而达到中药配伍的减毒增效目的。本文通过化学方法和肠内菌代谢研究证明了制川乌配伍及代谢的机理。     

RP-HPLC法测定黑顺片中6种酯型生物碱的含量

建立黑顺片中6种酯型生物碱含量的高效液相测定方法。采用岛津C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈–四氢呋喃(体积比为25∶15)为流动相A,以0.1 mol/L乙酸铵溶液(每1 000 m L加冰乙酸0.5 m L)为流动相B梯度洗脱,流量为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为235 nm,柱温为35℃。苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱、乌头碱进样量分别在0.222~4.430,0.060~1.119,0.144~2.878,0.015~0.297,0.025~0.496,0.011~0.229μg范围内与色谱峰面积线性呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r均大于0.999 5,检出限分别为2.10,2.70,2.20,2.60,1.60,3.10 ng,样品在12 h内稳定。苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱、乌头碱的加标回收率分别为98.7%~102.2%,98.6%~102.3%,99.0%~101.9%,102.0%~97.3%,102.1%~98.3%,95.7%~103.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为2.5%,2.5%,2.2%,2.3%,2.2%,1.7%(n=6)。该方法简便,测定结果准确、可靠,可为黑顺片的质量评价和质量控制提供参考。     

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemical constituents in Mahuang‐Fuzi‐Xixin decoction based on high performance liquid chromatography combined with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and triple quadrupole mass spectrometers

High‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HPLC‐TOF/MS) and high‐performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC‐QQQ/MS/MS) were utilized to clarify the chemical constituents of Mahuang‐Fuzi‐Xixin Decoction. There are 52 compounds, including alkaloids, amino acids and organic acids were identified or tentatively characterized by their characteristic high resolution mass data by HPLC‐QQQ/MS/MS. In the subsequent quantitative analysis, 10 constituents, including methyl ephedrine, aconine, songrine, fuziline, neoline, talatisamine, chasmanine, benzoylmesaconine, benzoylaconine and benzoylhypaconine were simultaneously determined by HPLC‐QQQ/MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring mode. Satisfactory linearity was achieved with wide linear range and fine determination coefficient (r > 0.9992). The relative standard deviations (RSD) of inter‐ and intra‐day precisions were <3%. This method was also validated by repeatability, stability and recovery with RSD <3% respectively. A highly sensitive and efficient method was established for chemical constituents studying, including identification and quantification of Mahuang‐Fuzi‐Xixin decoction.     

Studies of the intestinal absorption of the alkaloids in the Wu-tou decoction combined with different incompatible medicinal herbs in a Caco-2 cell culture system using UPLC-MS/MS

In this study, seven alkaloids were detected in Wu-tou decoction using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MSn). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus, Pinelliae Rhizoma in different ratios with Wu-tou decoction (2:1, 1:1, 1:2) by measuring the therapeutic effects in Wu-tou decoction of main seven alkaloids including benzoylaconitine (BA), benzoylmesaconitine (BM), benzoylhypaconitine (BH), hypaconitine (HA), fuziline (FU), niaolin (NE) and deoxyaconitine (DA). The permeability of aconitum alkaloids extract through a Caco-2 cell monolayer was analyzed in the absence and presence of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus, and Pinelliae Rhizoma, respectively. The results showed that Pinelliae Rhizoma could reduce the absorption of the alkaloids and increase the excretion of the alkaloids, which would attenuate the therapeutic effects of Wu-tou decoction. Therefore, Pinelliae Rhizoma is an incompatible herb of Wu-tou decoction because of the inhibition of the absorption of alkaloids in the intestine. And that Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus showed the effects to improve the permeability of the alkaloids in Wu-tou decoction. These effects of these two herbs were similar, but the former was stronger than the latter, which most likely is due to the fact that the compositions of these two traditional Chinese medicines are similar. The in vitro data suggests that the compounds such as fritillary presented in alkaloids in the formula maybe improve the therapeutic function caused by the increased bioavailability of alkaloids in intestine.     

Rapid quality assessment of Radix Aconiti Preparata using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry

This study presents a novel and rapid method to identify chemical markers for the quality control of Radix Aconiti Preparata, a world widely used traditional herbal medicine. In the method, the samples with a fast extraction procedure were analyzed using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART MS) combined with multivariate data analysis. At present, the quality assessment approach of Radix Aconiti Preparata was based on the two processing methods recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia for the purpose of reducing the toxicity of Radix Aconiti and ensuring its clinical therapeutic efficacy. In order to ensure the safety and effectivity in clinical use, the processing degree of Radix Aconiti should be well controlled and assessed. In the paper, hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed to evaluate the DART MS data of Radix Aconiti Preparata samples in different processing times. The results showed that the well processed Radix Aconiti Preparata, unqualified processed and the raw Radix Aconiti could be clustered reasonably corresponding to their constituents. The loading plot shows that the main chemical markers having the most influence on the discrimination amongst the qualified and unqualified samples were mainly some monoester diterpenoid aconitines and diester diterpenoid aconitines, i.e. benzoylmesaconine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine, neoline, benzoylhypaconine, benzoylaconine, fuziline, aconitine and 10-OH-mesaconitine. The established DART MS approach in combination with multivariate data analysis provides a very flexible and reliable method for quality assessment of toxic herbal medicine.     

Urinary metabonomics study of Wu-tou-tang and its co-decoction with Pinelliae Rhizoma in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats

Wu-tou-tang was applied to treat rheumatoid arthritis,rheumatic arthritis,and joint pain for thousands of years.Aconiti Radix Cocta is the primary component of Wu-tou-tang,and Aconiti Radix and Pinelliae Rhizoma is one of the famous combination taboos in traditional Chinese medicine.A urinary metabonomics method based on the ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) had been established to quantify the changes of the endogenous metabolites in the urine of adjuvant-induced arthritis rats treated by Wutou-tang and Wu-tou-tang and Pinelliae Rhizoma(WP) co-decoctions.There was a clear separation between Wu-tou-tang and WP co-decoction treated groups in the PCA model.16 potential biomarkers had been identified which correlated with how Pinelliae Rhizoma influenced the therapeutic effect made by Wu-tou-tang.Results showed that it could reduce the therapeutic effects or make some side effects when Pinelliae Rhizoma is added in Wu-tou-tang.This is the first time to use metabonomics to investigate the reason of combination taboo.     

Investigation of the chemical markers for experiential quality evaluation of crude aconite by UHPLC–Q‐TOF‐MS

Many foods and herbs are experientially classified into different commodity grades in commercial circulation. Regarding the hypertoxic herb aconite, large samples are considered to be of better quality. However, this experiential classification lacks a scientific basis. In this study, we focused on the quality diversity among different grades and studied it using the minimum lethal dose assay and a novel ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method. Toxicity assay result suggested grade I aconite had the lowest toxicity (p < 0.05). Using this method with partial least squares‐discriminant analysis, we discovered nine chemomarkers, including neoline, songorine, fuziline, mesaconitine, talatizidine, dexyaconitine, talatisamine, hypaconitine, and fuzitine. Considering their toxicity and activity, we found the levels of toxic ingredients hypaconitine, dexyaconitine, and mesaconitine in grade I were lower than those in grade II (p < 0.01), while the levels of efficacy ingredients songorine, talatisamine, and neoline were the highest in grade I (p < 0.01). Further study demonstrated that the quality variation was associated with plant tissue development and toxic ingredient distribution law. Our results provide scientific evidence for the experiential quality evaluation of aconite, and it will be of great utility for other foods and herbs.     

几丁寡糖结构类似物的化学合成

合成了两个结构新颖的几丁寡糖结构类似物: β-1,3连接的乙酰氨基葡聚二糖和β-1,3连接的乙酰氨基葡聚三糖, 并通过核磁共振和质谱分析确证了其化学结构. 与天然的几丁寡糖不同, 本文所合成的葡聚二糖和葡聚三糖均采取了1→3糖苷键的连接方式, 为研究几丁寡糖诱导植物抗病活性与寡糖区域异构体之间的关系提供有用材料.     

四(对-乙酰氧醚-10-羟基喜树碱)苯基卟啉的合成及结构表征

设计并合成了一种卟啉类光敏剂与抗癌药羟基喜树碱通过共价键相连的四(对-乙酰氧醚-10-羟基喜树碱)苯基卟啉化合物. 通过紫外光谱、 红外光谱、 核磁氢谱和质谱分析等手段对其结构进行了表征. 在癌症治疗过程中目标化合物中2种药物可能起到一定的协同效应.     

银杏叶中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的超滤质谱筛选

采用体外酶抑制活性检测方法结合超滤质谱(UF-LC/MS)筛选方法对中药提取物中的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂进行了筛选.以4-硝基苯-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)为底物,阿卡波糖为阳性对照药,对5种富含黄酮类化合物的中药提取物进行了α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的初步测定.结果表明,银杏叶具有最强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,可作为进一步复筛的对象.利用超滤质谱技术对银杏叶中潜在的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂进行了筛选,从中筛选出4种潜在的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,并利用液相色谱-串联质谱技术(LC-MSn)对其结构进行了鉴定.本文结果为开发新一代安全有效的降糖药物奠定了基础.     

6-甲基-3-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基-3,4-2H-1,3-苯并噁嗪及其共聚物的合成

以6-甲基-3-羟乙基-3,4-2H-1,3-苯并噁嗪(MB-OH)和甲基丙烯酰氯为原料, 通过酯化反应合成了6-甲基-3-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基-3,4-2H-1,3-苯并噁嗪(MBEM). 采用自由基溶液聚合法, 以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂, 以甲苯为溶剂, 以MBEM与N-苯基马来酰亚胺(NPMI)为单体, 合成了6-甲基-3-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基-3,4-2H-1,3-苯并噁嗪-co-N-苯基马来酰亚胺共聚物[P(MBEM-co-NPMI)]. 分别对MB-OH, MBEM, P(MBEM-co-NPMI)进行加热固化, 得到相应的交联聚合物PMB-OH, PMBEM和P[P(MBEM-co-NPMI)]. 对其结构、分子量和热性能进行了表征. 结果表明, PMB-OH, PMBEM, P[P(MBEM-co-NPMI)]的最大损耗因子tanδ_max对应的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)分别为92, 129和181℃, 最大损耗模量G"_max对应的T_g分别为56, 91和156℃. 在N₂气氛围下, PMB-OH, PMBEM, P[P(MBEM-co-NPMI)]失重5%的温度分别为257, 244和260℃; 失重10%的温度分别为280, 266和284℃; 800℃的残炭率分别为23.2%, 17.8%和14.0%. 表明P[P(MBEM-co-NPMI)]具有优异的耐热性能.