大鼠青春期同伴关系对青年期焦虑样和抑郁样行为的影响

探索大鼠青春期同伴关系对青年期焦虑样和抑郁样行为的影响.将25只出生20 d的清洁级雄性SD大鼠随机分成3组,单笼组(n=8),成双组(n=8),群体组(n=9),饲养40 d后,进行糖水偏好、高架迷宫和强迫游泳实验.结果显示：糖水偏好实验中,3组大鼠的糖水消耗百分比无明显差异(P>0.05)；高架迷宫实验中,成双组和群养组大鼠进入开放臂时间较单笼组明显减少(P<0.01)；强迫游泳实验中,单笼组大鼠不动时间较成双组和群养组明显延长(P<0.01).表明青春期孤独环境大鼠容易产生抑郁样行为,而同伴和群体饲养环境由于竞争压力容易产生焦虑样行为.     

钯催化偶联反应合成刚性桥连的苯并菲盘状液晶二聚体

盘状液晶是一类新型有机半导体材料,盘状二聚体具有新颖的自组织特性.合成了一系列官能化的盘状液晶单体,再通过Pd催化端炔自身偶联反应合成了六个二苯基丁二炔桥连的苯并菲盘状液晶二聚体：（RO）5C18H6（O2CC6H4C≡C—C≡CC6H4CO2）C18H6（OR）5（R=CnH2n＋1,n=4～9）.化合物的纯度和结构...     

银杏叶中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的超滤质谱筛选

采用体外酶抑制活性检测方法结合超滤质谱(UF-LC/MS)筛选方法对中药提取物中的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂进行了筛选.以4-硝基苯-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)为底物,阿卡波糖为阳性对照药,对5种富含黄酮类化合物的中药提取物进行了α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的初步测定.结果表明,银杏叶具有最强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,可作为进一步复筛的对象.利用超滤质谱技术对银杏叶中潜在的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂进行了筛选,从中筛选出4种潜在的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,并利用液相色谱-串联质谱技术(LC-MSn)对其结构进行了鉴定.本文结果为开发新一代安全有效的降糖药物奠定了基础.     

分析化学教材中关于离子活度系数计算公式的讨论

在处理电解质溶液的化学平衡理论中,有关离子的活度和活度系数的计算或估算都有比较严谨的理论公式或经验公式,而国内分析化学教材中关于经验公式的表述略显随意。以0.050 mol·L^-1AlCl₃水溶液中Cl^-和Al³⁺的活度计算为例,结合国内外分析化学教材中关于活度系数计算的经验公式进行讨论。由计算结果可知,关于活度系数计算的经验公式需给出明确的使用条件。     

聚氧化乙烯/苯乙烯-马来酸钠共聚物共混体系性能研究

用热分析（DSC、TG）和FTIR对聚氧化乙烯（PEO）/苯乙烯-马来酸钠（St-alt-MANa,简称SMANa)共聚物共混体系的相容性、分子间作用、热失重等性质进行了研究。结果表明,共混物可以任意比互溶,它们之间的相互作用是PEO的醚键“-O-”和共聚物盐中的“-COOH”之间形成了氢键。TG分析结果表明,随温度的升高,首先形成了酸酐,这可由FTIR光谱确定。热降解产如CO2作为酸酐和共聚物中羧基的降解产物。与不饱和结构相关的谱带（1774cm^-1、1449cm^-1)在350℃和450℃的红外光谱中可观察到,这可能是主要的碳-碳链断裂的结果。共混体系的Tg随SMANa含量的增加而增加,而体系结果温度Tc、熔融温度Tm却略有下降,这说明两组分间具有良好的溶混性。     

新型功能材料有机钌络合物和有机钌聚合物

有机钌络合物和有机钌聚合物具有特殊的光、电性能,是一种新型功能材料,正在形成一个新的研究领域。本文介绍有机钌络合物和有机钌聚合物的光致电子转移、光致发光和电致发光等现象以及它们在发光二极管、发光电池、氧化传感器等方面的应用。     

光电化学生物传感器用于测定丁草胺

制备了ITO/Gr/CH_3NH_3PbI_3/CS/GOx电极,将制得的电极浸入5.0mL的0.1mol·L~(-1) PBS(pH 7.0)中,加入丁草胺标准溶液,保持10min,然后将电极取出插入含有0.8mmol·L~(-1)葡萄糖的0.1mol·L~(-1) PBS(pH 7.0)中,测量光电流(I)。另做空白试验(操作同上,但不存在丁草胺),测量光电流(I_0)。由(I_0-I)/I_0×100计算丁草胺对光电流的抑制率。结果表明,抑制率与丁草胺的浓度在0.02～10.0nmol·L~(-1)内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.005nmol·L~(-1)。方法用于测定蔬菜和水果空白加标样品中的丁草胺,测定值与气相色谱-质谱法的测定结果一致,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.8%～4.7%之间,加标回收率在93.3%～102%之间。     

一种用于大容量逆流色谱制备的立式多层螺旋管行星式离心机

Owing to no complications caused by solid supports, such as adsorptive sample loss and deactivation, tailing of solute peaks, and contamination, countercurrent chromatography (CCC) has been an area of intense research since the first introduction of CCC in 1970,[1] and various apparatus and broad applications have been advanced[2,3]. For these developments, the type-J synchronous planet centrifuge has received considerable attention, which relies not only on its relatively simple mechanic design, but also on its high partition efficiency and short elution time caused by mixing and settling for the efficient chromatographic separations. In the past, however, almost all of type-J centrifuges rotated slowly were disposed horizontally due to the original design and some experiments that gravis plays an important role at a low rotary speed as similar to type-V rotating multilayer helical tube in unit gravity[4-9]. In fact,we discovered that the upright apparatus holds more retention of stationary phase than the horiziontal aparatus when large standard tubings were used as mutilayer coil column and the aparatus was operated under same contions. We report here a new coil planet centrifuge with four upright cylindrical columns for large scale countercurrent chromatographic preparation. The design principle and apparatus of UCCC is as samilar to type-J multilayer coil planet centrifuge. Four uptight cylindrical column holders are symmetrically arranged around the centrifuge axis as similar to the type-J HSCCC with three horizontal multilayer coils connected in series[8] . A series of experiments indicat that upright CCC has many advantages over the horizontal CCC when using a large-bore tube as multilayer coil column for large scale countercurrent chromatographic separation.Upright CCC provide a versatile countercurrent chromatographic method for large-scale preparation from very crude sample. It has good preparative capacity and flexible suitability to various sample and two-phase system.The present apparatus not only can be operated at a high speed as similar as commonly used HSCCC for the system having short settling time and but also can be run at a low speed for the system having relative long settling time. Because of automatical control and seal-free flow through device, the uptight CCC apparatus may be readily scaled up to industrial preparation.     

环双(对-蒽基-对草快)的分子识别与谱学性质

环双(对-蒽基-对草快)是一种新型的缺电子大环仿生主体, 分子识别是其最重要的应用之一. 考察主体对一系列客体分子如水、氨、醇及杂环等的识别能力, 用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP/3-21G基组对主客体复合物的结构进行优化. 在B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平上进行单点能计算, 校正后得到复合物的结合能. 用B3LYP/3-21G方法计算13C和3He化学位移. 结果表明, 主体对客体分子的识别主要靠客体上的杂原子与主体上的氢原子之间的氢键进行. 复合物的稳定化能受氢键的数目和距离影响. 氢键的形成导致部分复合物LUMO与HOMO能隙增大, 同时导致与氢键相连的C—H键上C原子的化学位移向低场移动. 复合物的芳香性与其结合能的大小及结合方式有关. 主体的芳香性因其与客体之间的弱相互作用而提高, 但太强的相互作用及客体在主体空腔内都将影响主体的环电流, 从而削弱其芳香性.