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一、引言
1. 核能在低碳能源政策中的重要作用
2000 年,全世界60 亿人口消耗了100 亿吨标准煤;2006 年,65 亿人口消耗了117 亿吨标准煤。预计到2050 年,世界能源消耗将比2000 年增加一倍。为了应对世界能源消耗的快速增长和温室气体减排的巨大压力,保证能源供应的安全,许多国家和地区都提出了低碳能源政策。煤电及核电是24小时全天候供电的主要基础。核裂变能是重要的低碳能源,正在为全世界提供大约17%的电力。核能对温室气体减排的重要性不容置疑。
我国的核电事业正在进入快速发展期。核电发展的中期目标从原计划2020 年核电总装机容量达到4000 万千瓦增加到7000 万千瓦。根据对国家中长期能源发展形势和前景的分析,在中国工程院的咨询报告《2050 年我国的能源需求》中指出,我国的核电占一次能源总量的比重要求提高到2050 年的12.5%(占电力装机容量的20%)。 相似文献
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The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a large scientific facility with the main purpose of serving multidisciplinary research on material characterization using neutron scattering techniques. The accelerator system is to provide a proton beam of 120 kW with a repetition rate of 25 Hz initially (CSNSⅠ), progressively upgradeable to 240 kW (CSNS-Ⅱ) and 500 kW (CSNS-Ⅱ'). In addition to serving as a driving source for the spallation target, the proton beam can be exploited for serving additional functions both in fundamental and applied research. The expanded scientific application based on pulsed muons and fast neutrons is especially attractive in the overall consideration of CSNS upgrade options. A second target station that houses a muon-generating target and a fast-neutron-generating target in tandem, intercepting and removing a small part of the proton beam for the spallation target, is proposed. The muon and white neutron sources are operated principally in parasitic mode, leaving the main part of the beam directed to the spallation target. However, it is also possible to deliver the proton beam to the second target station in a dedicated mode for some special applications. Within the dual target configuration, the thin muon target placed upstream of the fast-neutron target will consume only about 5% of the beam traversed; the majority of the beam is used for fast-neutron production. A proton beam with a beam power of about 60 kW, an energy of 1.6 GeV and a repetition rate of 12.5 Hz will make the muon source and the white neutron source very attractive to multidisciplinary researchers. 相似文献
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简要叙述了高温转动核电偶极巨共振实验研究的历史和现状,并着重介绍了现存的一些问题及新的探索. The history and current status of the experimental study of giant dipole resonance in hot rotating nuclei has been reviewed.Some open problems and new development are stressed. 相似文献
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高能质子入射到金属接收体表面诱发的二次电子直接影响束流强度的测量精度,如何消除二次电子影响是实现束流高精度测量的关键.根据高能带电粒子在金属表面诱发二次电子发射理论,对高能质子束流强度测量的二次电子补偿原理进行了研究,设计了二次电子补偿结构.采用三块金属极板构成的实验装置在高能质子源上开展实验研究,实验测得在中间极板上输出的电流与入射质子束流强度的比值小于0.7%,中间极板上二次电子得到补偿,验证了二次电子补偿原理的正确性.研究表明,采用设计的二次电子补偿结构对高能质子束流强度进行测量时二次电子贡献小于1%. 相似文献
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用一个包含了半导体探测器, 液体闪烁计数器和60%效率的HPGe探测器的四参数关联实验测量了252Cf(sf)反应的中子多重性和γ多重性与裂变碎片特征参数(质量, 总动能TKE)间的关联. 由于在测量裂变中子多重性绝对值的同时, 本工作首次从实验数据确定了特定碎片的γ多重性的绝对值, 故测量数据为进一步深入研究碎片角动激发提供了新的信息. 结果表明, 角动激发并不与裂变核在断点的形变成正关联, 但两者间却存在着复杂的关联特性. 实验数据不能从现有核理论的弯曲(bending)和扭动(wriggling)碎片角动量激发模式得到理解; 但可用碎片角动激发与裂变核的断点核激发能存在正关联而得到部分解释. 相似文献
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The γ-rays and protons from an Ed = 20 keV deuteron beam incident on a D-Ti target were measured. A branching ratio of the 2H(d,γ)^4He reaction versus the ^2H(d,p)^3H reaction of Гγ/Гp = (1.061 0.34) x 10.7 has been obtained, and the astrophysical S factor of the ^2H(d,γ)He reaction at the center of mass energy Ecm ≈ 7 keV of (6.0±2.4) ×10^6 keV.b was deduced. 相似文献