纳米ZrO2(4Y)的快速高压烧结研究

纳米Y2O3稳定的ZrO2粉在4GPa高压下、1000－1200℃烧结2min致密成型。完整块体致密度为99．3％。在高压烧结过程中,由于外加压力对扩散的促进作用,活化能比用其它方法烧结时降低,约为48kJ/mol,晶粒长至40－70nm。四方度及晶胞体积略小于常压烧结样品的数值。高压快速烧结ZrO2(4Y)陶瓷为棕色、深灰色或黑色。快速高压烧结所得样品结构存在某种非均匀性。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法快速测定塑料饮水管浸出液中的痕量锑

采用铜作基体改进剂、横向塞曼扣背景石墨炉原子吸收光谱法快速测定塑料饮水管浸出液中痕量锑。对石墨炉加热程序中的灰化温度和原子化温度进行了优化 ,同时也研究了介质酸度的影响。选定了最佳测量条件 ,提高了方法的灵敏度和精密度。本方法的线性范围为 0 2 7～ 2 0 0 μg·L-1 ,工作曲线回归方程为Y=0 0 0 6 8X - 0 0 0 0 2 ,相关系数r=0 9996 ,特征质量为 6 7pg ,最低检测量为 5 4pg ,回收率在 92 2 %～1 0 2 5 %。对 5 0 ,1 0 0 ,2 0 0 μg·L-1 锑的标准溶液连续测定 6次 ,相对标准偏差分别为 6 4 7% ,4 97% ,2 4 5 %。结果表明 ,该方法简便、快速、灵敏、重现性好、准确度高 ,用于实际样品分析结果满意     

氧离子导体La1.9Y0.1Mo2O9细晶粒陶瓷的制备和电学性质研究

采用溶胶凝胶法合成的La_1.9Y_0.1Mo₂O₉纳米晶粉体, 结合微波烧结技术制备出不同晶粒度的La_1.9Y_0.1Mo₂O₉块体样品. 利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、高分辨透射显微镜(HRTEM)、场扫描显微镜(SEM)对粉体及陶瓷块体的物相、 形貌进行了表征, 利用交流阻抗谱仪测试了样品不同温度下的电导率. 实验结果表明, 掺Y的La_1.9Y_0.1Mo₂O₉能将高温立方β 相稳定到室温; 块体样品致密均匀, 平均晶粒度范围在60 nm–4 μm之间; 致密度高的样品表现出高的电导率, 其中900 ℃烧结样品的电导率600 ℃时高达0.026 S/cm, 比固相反应法制备的La_1.9Y_0.1Mo₂O₉样品高出约1倍. 总结认为样品的致密性对电导率影响较大, 是通过影响晶界电导率来影响总电导率的, 样品的晶粒度(在60 nm–4 μm范围内)对电导率的影响还不能确定. 关键词： 氧离子导体 1.9Y_0.1Mo₂O₉')" href="#">La_1.9Y_0.1Mo₂O₉ 细晶粒陶瓷 微波烧结     

金属掺杂纳米固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2的IR考察

首先采用sol gel法制备出ZrO(OH) 2 ,再分别用Ni2 + ,Al3 + ,Sn4+ ,Ag+ ,Sn2 + 金属盐溶液和H2 SO4稀溶液浸渍ZrO(OH) 2 的方法合成了一系列金属离子掺杂的SO2 -4/ZrO2 纳米固体超强酸。并用XRD ,TEM和IR技术考察了各样品的性能。结果发现 ,经不同金属掺杂的SO2 -4/ZrO2 颗粒具有固体超强酸的IR谱特征。经Ni2 + ,Sn4+ 掺杂的样品中Zr—O和 SO 键振动吸收峰明显蓝移 ,Zr—O的νZr—O由SO2 -4/ZrO2 的4 85cm-1增大到Ni2 + ,Sn4+ 掺杂样品的 5 0 0cm-1,SO的νas由 1390cm-1增大到 14 0 5和 14 0 0cm-1,而Sn2 + 掺杂的样品变化不大。说明Ni2 + ,Sn4+ 金属离子的掺杂增强了样品的超强酸性。同时还发现 ,随着样品焙烧温度的提高 ,经Ni2 + 和Al3 + 掺杂的SO2 -4/ZrO2 纳米颗粒 ,Zr—O和 SO 键振动吸收峰明显蓝移 ,而Ag+ 掺杂的样品在焙烧温度达到 10 73K时IR谱只是吸收强度减弱 ,振动频率不变。     

高温高压烧结高硬度高致密度块体金属钨及钨基合金W-TiC

采用高温高压烧结方法,烧结纯钨和TiC颗粒弥散增强W-TiC合金材料,对钨及W-TiC合金的烧结致密化行为和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:在压力为5.0GPa、温度为1 500℃的条件下烧结15min可获得良好的烧结样品,块体钨的致密度达到99.3%,硬度达到6.43GPa;在相同的高温高压烧结条件下,添加质量分数为1.5%的TiC,获得的W-TiC合金致密度达到99.0%,硬度达到7.58GPa。极端高压环境不但能抑制钨及钨合金在烧结过程中的晶粒长大,还能降低烧结温度,提高烧结效率,增加烧结体的致密性。在此基础上进一步探索了钨及钨基合金W-TiC的高压烧结动力学、微观结构、机械性能与烧结压力和烧结温度的关系。     

微米晶单斜氧化锆高压相变制备亚微米四方多晶氧化锆

高压相变已逐渐发展成为一种制备纳米/亚微米多晶陶瓷块体材料的有效方法。高压可以抑制原子的长程扩散进而抑制晶粒长大,高压下截获的新相不受初始材料晶粒尺寸的制约,通过热力学调控可以得到晶粒尺寸更小的多晶块体材料。陶瓷材料在特定热力学条件下通常会发生相变,新相的形成要经历形核、生长的过程。采用晶粒尺寸为2μm的单斜ZrO2与晶粒尺寸为50 nm的Y2O3以97:3的摩尔比混合,在5.5 GPa、800～1700℃温压区间内对初始材料进行烧结,采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜对所得样品进行表征。研究结果表明:高压下截获了单斜相和亚微米四方相复合的多晶ZrO2块体材料,1200、1400、1600和1700℃温度下获得的四方相的平均晶粒尺寸为(145±62) nm、(246±165) nm、(183±62) nm和(245±107) nm。利用高压相变以微米晶制备细晶粒多晶块体材料,可以避免常规方法中以纳米粉末为初始材料制备细晶粒多晶块体材料存在的团聚、吸附及晶粒长大的问题,进而发展一种以微米晶为初始材料通过高压相变制备高性能细晶粒多晶块体材料的方法。     

ZrO_2的掺杂对于单畴YBCO超导块材的影响

研究了在Y211中掺入ZrO2对于用顶部籽晶熔渗方法制备YBCO块材的影响,以及不同掺杂比例对于样品表面形貌和磁悬浮力的影响.实验表明,随着ZrO2掺杂量的增加,样品的磁悬浮力有增大的趋势.这种现象可能是由于ZrO2的掺杂在样品中形成了磁通钉扎中心,有效的提高了超导体的物理性能.     

金属掺杂纳米固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2的IR考察

首先采用sol-gel法制备出ZrO(OH)2,再分别用Ni^2 ,Al^3 ,Sn^4 ,Ag^ ,Sn^2 金属盐溶液和H2SO4稀溶液浸渍ZrO(OH)2的方法合成了一系列金属离子掺杂的SO4^2-／ZrO2纳米固体超强酸。并用XRD,TEM和IR技术考察了各样品的性能。结果发现,经不同金属掺杂的SO4^2-／ZrO2颗粒具有固体超强酸的IR谱特征。经NiH,Sn^4 掺杂的样品中Zr-O和S-O键振动吸收峰明显蓝移,Zr-O的vZr-O由SO4^2-／ZrO2的485cm^-1增大到Ni^2 ,Sn^4 掺杂样品的500cm^-1,s=0的vas由1390cm^-1增大到1405和1400cm^-1,而Sn^2 掺杂的样品变化不大。说明Ni^2 ,Sn^4 金属离子的掺杂增强了样品的超强酸性。同时还发现,随着样品焙烧温度的提高,经Ni^2 和Al^3 掺杂的SO4^2-／ZrO2纳米颗粒,Zr-O和S=O键振动吸收峰明显蓝移,而Ag^ 掺杂的样品在焙烧温度达到1073K时IR谱只是吸收强度减弱,振动频率不变。     

新型红色荧光粉SrO·Y2O3:Eu的合成及其发光性能研究

以甘氨酸快速燃烧法合成了一种新型红色荧光粉SrO·Y2O3:Eu,并用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及荧光分光光度计(FL)对样品的物相结构、微观形貌及粒度、光谱性质等进行了分析表征。结果表明:制得的样品含有SrY2O4和Y2O3两相,分别属于正交晶系和立方晶系。所合成样品颗粒为球形,一次颗粒粒径为100～200nm。样品的激发主峰在280nm处,为O2-的2p轨道到Eu3 的4f轨道的电荷迁移跃迁所致,主发射峰位于592nm,属于Eu3 的5D0→7F1跃迁,614nm处还有一较强的发射峰,归属于Eu3 的5D0→7F2跃迁。此外,研究发现甘氨酸与硝酸根配比、焙烧温度、Eu3 浓度等条件均对SrO·Y2O3:Eu的亮度有一定的影响。     

等离子体喷涂Sn和ZrO2涂层／U-Nb合金摩擦副的摩擦性能

探讨用等离子体喷涂方法制备降低较高强度材料与U-Nb合金之间的摩擦性能的减磨层的可行性以及这些减磨层的摩擦特性。选用Sn为软涂层，ZrO2为硬涂层。采用Sulzer METCO9M等离子体喷涂机制备了Sn单层、ZrO2单层、Sn／ZrO2双层、Sn ZrO2混合层等4种涂层。利用CSEM型销盘型摩擦磨损试验机分析了半径为3mm的U-Nb合金对偶销在涂层上滑动时的干摩擦特性，滑动速度分别为0．42，6．4，26．16cm／s。涂层为典型的等离子体喷涂涂层形貌。表面为Sn的涂层颗粒熔合状况和致密性比ZrO2单层好，其粗糙度低，Sn ZrO2混合涂层表面形貌与ZrO2单层相近。Sn和ZrO2分别以bcc结构的Sn和四方结构ZrO2结构存在。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.