基于氧负离子PIG源的原子氧产生装置

近地轨道能量为5eV的原子氧对航天器表面影响的地面等效模拟,是世界各航天国家竟相研究的重要领域.本文介绍一种基于氧负离子PIG源的原子氧产生装置,本装置由永磁PIG离子源、两电极引出系统、电子过滤器、单透镜、减速电极和样品架组成.目前,这一装置已安装在中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心小碎片加速器上,并开展了初步实验.当离子源放电电流50mA,在2kV和3kV的引出电压下,引出的氧负离子分别为200μA和3001μA.并开展了减速实验和kapton膜的溅蚀研究.由于原子氧装置和小碎片加速器供用同一个靶室.因此,这一安排还可以同时开展小碎片和原子氧对空间材料的撞击和侵蚀的研究.     

中子管用潘宁离子源氢负离子产生机理及实验研究

为了克服目前潘宁(PIG)离子源中子管引出正离子所带来的诸多不利因素,使用PIG型氢负离子源作为中子管的离子源,研究了氢负离子产生的机理,以期在中子管中获得应用。给出了PIG离子源结构,根据氢负离子产生的方式和条件,结合CST软件仿真实验,确定在对阴极和引出孔附近区域存在氢负离子,而且是氢负离子密度比较大的区域。实验中,通过负离子源产生系统证实了氢负离子的存在及分布规律,中子监测仪测量自成靶50mm负离子源陶瓷中子管,中子产额较传统正离子中子管高出一个数量级以上。     

HL-2M装置中性束离子源束光学红外成像实验研究

为了研究HL-2M装置中性束注入(NBI)加热用的80kV/45A/5s热阴极离子源束光学特性，采用红外电荷耦合元件(CCD)成像技术，测量离子源引出粒子束轰击量热靶板产生的温度分布，得到束功率密度空间分布区间特征参数1/e半宽度。在NBI热阴极离子源调试平台上，扫描离子源的放电和引出参数，利用CCD红外热像仪获得了对应参数下量热靶上的束功率密度分布。实验结果表明，HL-2M装置NBI加热系统80kV/45A离子源可用的导流系数范围为0.7~1.5μP。同样导流系数下，梯度电极与等离子体电极的分压比较高时，引出束流的半宽度较小。     

HL-2A中性束大功率离子源的研制

2007年3月,为HL-2A中性束注入器研制的大功率离子源在核工业西南物理研究院成功通过了测试.该离子源为圆柱结构的桶式离子源型;加速器采用三电极的加减速系统.实验运行参数如下:灯丝加热电流1100A,电压12V,弧放电电压120V,弧放电电流1050A,等离子体密度达2.5×1012/cm3,离子流密度0.44A/cm2;在距等离子体电极5mm的平面上,等离子体的均匀性好于5%,工作脉宽2s.离子源物理设计、工程考虑、实验研究结果等将在本文介绍.     

HIRFL注入器PIG离子源的研制

本文介绍了兰州重离子加速器(HIRFL)的注入器(SFC)所用PIG离子源的研制和改进工作,使用新研制的PIG源,已在注人器SFC上获得了5μA的O_(16)~(5+)及10μA的C_(16)~(4+)的离子束。     

ECR离子源束流引出与传输的研究

针对ECR离子源的束流引出及传输研究，在中国科学院近代物理研究所的LECR3离子源实验平台上开展了大量的实验. 实验中研究了等离子体电极引出孔径、反射电极(抑制电极)偏压以及Glaser透镜等因素对束流引出与传输的影响. 研究的重点是试图通过系列实验与分析来研究如何能更有效地引出强流离子束流并减小其在传输空间的损失. 给出了实验的主要结果，结合这些数据对ECR离子源的束流引出与传输进行了较全面的分析，并综合这些实验结果与分析结果得出了该物理过程的一般物理图像.     

HL-2A中性束大功率离子源的研制

2007年3月, 为HL-2A中性束注入器研制的大功率离子源在核工业西南物理研究院成功通过了测试. 该离子源为圆柱结构的桶式离子源型; 加速器采用三电极的加减速系统. 实验运行参数如下: 灯丝加热电流1100A, 电压12V, 弧放电电压120V, 弧放电电流1050A, 等离子体密度达2.5×10¹²/cm³, 离子流密度0.44A/cm²; 在距等离子体电极5mm的平面上, 等离子体的均匀性好于5%, 工作脉宽2s. 离子源物理设计、工程考虑、实验研究结果等将在本文介绍.     

HL-2A装置中性束离子源引出系统束流分析

在中性束离子源引出过程中,详细分析了引出束流的产生,这有利于得到更准确的引出功率和引出电极表面的热功率沉积情况。根据HL-2A装置中性束离子源引出电极的电连接方式和束流引出的物理过程,对离子源束流引出过程进行了分析,给出抑制极电流产生的主要来源。通过分析放电气压扫描实验中的结果发现:随着放电气压的增加,不同弧放电电流情况下抑制极电流均逐渐增加,且抑制极电流与引出电流的比值近似线性增加。针对引出离子束流经过引出电极的过程建立了物理模型。计算了抑制极电流与引出电流的比值与放电气压的依赖关系,计算结果与实验结果一致,验证了引出束流分析结果的合理性。     

负氢潘宁型离子源的束流引出测量

在中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所自行研制的负氢潘宁型离子源上进行负氢束流引出测量实验,采用单电极、双电极、三电极束流引出测量方法进行初步束流引出测量,束流强度的实验测量结果远远高于空间限制流的理论计算值。因此,提出一种电屏蔽盒的直流束流引出测量方法。阐述了电屏蔽盒直流束流引出测量的基本方法、束流轨迹的CST数值模拟以及束流引出测量实验结果。研究表明:引出电压为2 kV,引出间隙为3 mm,磁感应强度为0.435 T时,得到较为精确的负氢束流引出强度约100 A。通过空间电荷限制流的V3/2定律进行拟合,推算得到引出电压为40 kV时,负氢束流强度约达到4 mA。     

HL-2M装置中性束离子源束光学红外成像实验研究

为了研究HL-2M装置中性束注入(NBI)加热用的80k V/45A/5s热阴极离子源束光学特性,采用红外电荷耦合元件(CCD)成像技术,测量离子源引出粒子束轰击量热靶板产生的温度分布,得到束功率密度空间分布区间特征参数1/e半宽度。在NBI热阴极离子源调试平台上,扫描离子源的放电和引出参数,利用CCD红外热像仪获得了对应参数下量热靶上的束功率密度分布。实验结果表明,HL-2M装置NBI加热系统80k V/45A离子源可用的导流系数范围为0.7~1.5?P。同样导流系数下,梯度电极与等离子体电极的分压比较高时,引出束流的半宽度较小。     

Oxygen vacancies and V co-doped Co_3O_4 prepared by ion implantation boosts oxygen evolution catalysis

Introducing heteroatoms and defects is a significant strategy to improve oxygen evolution reaction(OER) performance of electrocatalysts. However, the synergistic interaction of the heteroatom and defect still needs further investigations. Herein, we demonstrated an oxygen vacancy-rich vanadium-doped Co_3O_4(V–O_v–Co_3O_4), fabricated by V-ion implantation, could be used for high-efficient OER catalysis. X-ray photoelectron spectra(XPS) and density functional theory(DFT) calculations show that the charge density of Co atom increased, and the reaction barrier of reaction pathway from O*to HOO*decreased. V–O_v–Co_3O_4 catalyst shows a low overpotential of 329 mV to maintain current density of 10 m A·cm~(-2), and a small Tafel slope of 74.5 m V·dec~(-1). This modification provides us with valuable perception for future design of heteroatom-doped and defect-based electrocatalysts.     

Oxygen ion conductivity of La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Ga_(0.83)Mg_(0.17-x)Co_xO_(3-δ) synthesized by laser rapid solidification

Materials La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.83Mg0.17-xCoxO3-δ with x = 0, 0.05, 0.085, 0.10, and 0.15 are synthesized by laser rapid solidification. It is shown that the samples prepared by laser rapid solidification give rise to unique spear-like or leaf-like microstructures which are orderly arranged and densely packed. Their electrical properties each show a general dependence of the Co content and the total conductivities of La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ga 0.83 Mg 0.085 Co 0.085 O 3-δ prepared by laser rapid solidification are measured to be 0.067, 0.124, and 0.202 S·cm -1 at 600, 700, and 800℃, respectively, which are much higher than by conventional solid state reactions. Moreover, the electrical conductivities each as a function of the oxygen partial pressure are also measured. It is shown that the samples with the Co content values ≤ 8.5 mol% each exhibit basically ionic conduction while those for Co content values ≥ 10 mol % each show ionic mixed electronic conduction under oxygen partial pressures from 10 -16 atm (1 atm = 1.01325×10 5 Pa) to 0.98 atm. The improved ionic conductivity of La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ga 0.83 Mg 0.085 Co 0.085 O 3-δ prepared by laser rapid solidification compared with by solid state reactions is attributed to the unique microstructure of the sample generated during laser rapid solidification.     

Pressure Broadening of the Rotational Line of Oxygen at 425 GHz

The pressure broadening of the ¹⁶O¹⁶O rotational line (N, J)=(3, 2)-(1, 2) at 425 GHz by oxygen and nitrogen perturbers at room temperatures have been reported. A spectrometer with BWO and acoustic detector was employed with a double magnetically shielded cell. The signal-to-noise ratio on the line was about 200-250 for self-broadening and about 100 for broadening by N₂ measurements. The pressure-broadening parameters of the line at room temperature (23±0.5°C) were measured as 2.19±0.01 MHz/Torr for self-broadening and 2.215±0.02 MHz/Torr for broadening by nitrogen. Values of these parameters significantly (by about 25%) differ from ones previously measured by H. M. Pickett, E. A. Cohen, and D. E. Brinza, (Astrophys. J.248, L49-L51 (1981)). The results of the present work show the necessity for correction of broadening parameters of this line for the purpose of Earth atmosphere remote sensing. The central frequency of the transition (N, J)=(3, 2)-(1, 2) was measured as 424 763.023±0.020 MHz.     

Effect of Lumophore and Plasticiser Concentration on The Heterogeneity of Oxygen Quenching in Thin Film Oxygen Sensors

Kinetic heterogeneity of the luminescence decay and oxygen quenching of Pt and Pd octaethylporphyrin/ethyl cellulose (OEP/EC) thin film oxygen sensors has been investigated with respect to (a) concentration of lumophore and (b) addition of plasticiser. The source of kinetic heterogeneity shown by PtOEP films under N₂ is a monomer–dimer equilibrium in which the dimer luminescence decays with k = 0.0527×10⁶ s⁻¹ and the monomer luminescence with k = 0.0101×10⁶ s⁻¹ and K _D = 790 (±20) mol dm⁻³. For PdOEP/EC films there is no detectable aggregation and luminescence decays under N₂ show good fits to single exponential curve fits at all concentrations studied. The addition of either tripbutyl phosphate or dimethylphthalate as plasticiser does not decrease kinetic heterogeneity for oxygen quenching of luminescence in the films.     

化学氧碘激光器的诊断

 将化学氧碘激光器(COIL)本身的诊断分述为流场特性诊断、气流混合诊断、增益介质诊断和光腔诊断, 系统讨论了各种诊断的要求, 并分别讨论了各种诊断的基本原理及方法。     

大气氧谱带的实验研究

利用流动余辉装置,首次报道了金属镍表面催化基态氧原子O（^3P）复合从而获得大气氧谱带O2（b1∑g^+→X^3∑g^-）的（0,0）电子跃迁光谱。并且对反应管壁去激活O2（b1∑g^+）的动力学过程进行了分析,间接证实了O2（b1∑g^+)的浓度在反应管中非稳态的变化过程。最后对O2(b1∑g^+)的形成机理进行了简单的讨论。     

面向生物医学应用的光学氧气纳米传感器

在生物医学领域,溶氧的检测具有十分重要的意义。近年来氧气传感器的研究取得了重要的进展,尤其是纳米尺寸的光学氧气传感器倍受重视。光学氧气纳米传感器具有检测灵敏度高、稳定性好、易于生物功能化等优点,特别适用于在(亚)细胞层次或者生物组织内溶氧的实时检测。本文主要从氧气荧光探针的种类、传感器的基质构成、纳米传感器的构建方法、检测模式和生物医学应用等几个方面出发,结合本研究组在光学氧气纳米传感器的研究进展进行综述,并对其在生物医学领域中的主要应用进行了阐述。     

Luminescence Study of Singlet Oxygen Production by Meso-Tetraphenylporphine

The research in the field of the photodynamic therapy of cancer (PDT) is focused on a development of photosensitizers exhibiting high quantum yield of singlet oxygen production. Direct time-resolved spectroscopic observation of singlet oxygen phosphorescence can provide time constants of its population and depopulation as well as photosensitizer phosphorescence lifetime and relative quantum yields. In our contribution, a study of time and spectral resolved phosphorescence of singlet oxygen photosensitized by meso-tetraphenylporphine in acetone together with the photosensitizer phosphorescence is presented. Time constants of singlet oxygen population and depopulation were determined at wide range of photosensitizer concentrations. The time constant of singlet oxygen generation (0.28 ± 0.01) s is slightly shorter then the lifetime of photosensitizer's triplet state (0.32 ± 0.01) s. It is caused by lower ability of TPP aggregates to transfer excitation energy to oxygen. The lifetime of singlet oxygen (50 s) decreases with increasing photosensitizer concentration. Therefore, the photosensitizer acts also as a quencher of oxygen singlet state, similarly to the effects observed in [A. A. Krasnovsky, P. Cheng, R. E. Blankenship, T. A. Moore, and D. Gust (1993). Photochem. Photobiol. 57, 324–330; H. Küpper, R. Ddic, A. Svoboda, J. Hála, and P. M. H. Kroneck (2002). Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj. 1572, 107–113]. Moreover, the increasing concentraion of the photosensitizer causes a slight hypsochromic shift of the singlet oxygen luminescence maximum.     

射流式单重态氧发生器研究

单重态氧O2 (a1Δg)是迄今唯一能用纯化学反应高效产生的具有长寿命的亚稳激发态分子 .为了考察提出的用两个O2 (1Δ)能量汇集反应生成氧第二单重激发态O2 (b1Σ+ g)以实现近可见短波长化学激光方案的现实性 ,设计和实验了一个氯流量为 3～ 10mmol/s的射流式单重态氧发生器 (JSOG) .考察了三种具有不同孔径和孔数目的喷头、氯气流量和脱水冷阱温度等对JSOG出口的O2 (1Δ)浓度、O2 (1Δ)分压、氯利用率及水蒸气含量的影响 .发现用聚氯乙烯管作冷阱时 ,最佳冷阱介质温度为 - 140～ - 15 0℃ ,对此提出了O2 (1Δ)表面脱活与脱水互相竞争的解释 .在最佳条件下 ,可将O2 (1Δ)气中水分压降低至 4Pa ,这一结果是首次报导     

溶解氧对鲁米诺电化学发光的增强效应研究

本文对溶解氧增强鲁米诺的电化学发光(ECL)行为进行了系统的研究,发现电学参数等因素很大程度地影响溶解氧增强ECL的产生、发光强度及稳定性。通过对电极的预处理,在0.15 mol·L-1的KNO3-中性硼酸缓冲溶液中,-0.4-0.9 V(vs.Ag)的矩形脉冲激励下,溶解氧显著增强鲁米诺的ECL且具有良好的稳定性,线性范围从0-16 mg·L-1,相对标准偏差为0.4％。讨论了溶解氧增强鲁米诺ECL的机理及表面活性剂的影响。