H_2S_2的构型及其异构化的量子化学研究

采用量子化学中的二阶微扰(MP2)方法,在6-311+G(3df,2p)水平上,利用Gaussian软件优化反应物,过渡态和生成物的几何结构,在相同水平上对反应物,过渡态和生成物进行了频率分析,同时完成了内禀反应坐标(IRC)分析.进而利用过渡态理论,计算了温度在300K时的H迁移异构化反应的速率常数.研究结果表明,H2S2的构型有两种,分别为:线型和分叉型,其中线型HSSH的能量较低,为稳定结构;平衡常数很小,为2.2×10-20,不利于平衡从线型向分叉型异构体转化,反之,分叉型向线型转化较容易,因此分     

用多声子迁移模型理论研究硝基甲烷的分解机理

基于多声子迁移模型理论分析了撞击诱导硝基甲烷单分子分解反应可能存在的合理的反应路径。发现：对最低三态和基态的分子选择门模式分别为407cm-1,436cm-1和482cm-1, 616cm-1时,计算得到的相同时间长度上的能量迁移参数分别为5.43×105 J/mol*K ,5.82×105 J/mol*K 和8.22×105 J/mol*K,6.43×105 J/mol*K。而理论计算CH3NO2分子从基态跃迁致最低三态所需能量为2.39×105 J/mol,最低三态分子从C-N键断裂分解为硝基和甲基所需活化能为3.69×105 J/mol;基态的CH3NO2分子从C-N键断裂生成硝基和甲基所需能量为2.24×105 J/mol。因此,能量迁移能够提供足够的能量使CH3NO2分子在基态或者在跃迁至最低三态后从C-N键断裂生成硝基和甲基。这个结论与实验报道的结论基本一致。     

用多声子迁移模型理论研究硝基甲烷的分解机理

基于多声子迁移模型理论分析了撞击诱导硝基甲烷单分子分解反应可能存在的合理的反应路径。发现：对最低三态和基态的分子选择门模式分别为407cm-1,436cm-1和482cm-1, 616cm-1时,计算得到的相同时间长度上的能量迁移参数分别为5.43×105 J/mol*K ,5.82×105 J/mol*K 和8.22×105 J/mol*K,6.43×105 J/mol*K。而理论计算CH3NO2分子从基态跃迁致最低三态所需能量为2.39×105 J/mol,最低三态分子从C-N键断裂分解为硝基和甲基所需活化能为3.69×105 J/mol;基态的CH3NO2分子从C-N键断裂生成硝基和甲基所需能量为2.24×105 J/mol。因此,能量迁移能够提供足够的能量使CH3NO2分子在基态或者在跃迁至最低三态后从C-N键断裂生成硝基和甲基。这个结论与实验报道的结论基本一致。     

Theoretical Studies on the Kinetics and Mechanisms of Reactions for Methyl Vinyl Ether and Ozone

利用量子化学从头计算的方法对甲基乙烯醚的两个异构体之间的转化、臭氧与甲基乙烯醚的环加成反应、臭氧化物的裂解以及主要臭氧化物异构体的之间的转化的反应通道进行了研究,并用经典过渡态理论在280~440 K计算了反应的速率常数．对于臭氧和甲基乙烯醚的反应,考虑了臭氧从两个可能的不同方向进攻甲基乙烯醚．计算结果表明,顺式-甲基乙烯醚是比较稳定的,但是反式-甲基乙烯醚与臭氧反应所要跨越比较低的能垒, 分别为1.7和7.5 kJ/mol,而其产物更稳定,在形成的臭氧化物中占绝对比例,臭氧化物的裂解主要导致CH2-OO的生成,在298 K时的反应速率常数为4.8×10^-17 cm3/(molecule?s)．     

HNCO+HCO→NCO+CH2O氢转移反应的从头算及动力学研究

在UMP2 (Full) /6 311G(d ,p)计算水平上 ,优化了标题反应的反应物、过渡态、产物的几何结构 ,沿最小能量途径讨论了异氰酸 (HNCO)和甲酰自由基 (HCO)发生氢转移反应位能面上驻点的结构以及相互作用分子结构变化 .指出该反应是一个N -H键断裂和C -H键生成的协同反应 .进一步采用UQCISD(T ,Full)方法对反应途径上的驻点进行了单点能量校正 ,得出该反应的计算位垒是 91.4 7kJ/mol,与实验值 10 8.92kJ/mol接近 .在5 0 0～ 2 5 0 0K实验温度范围内 ,运用变分过渡态理论 (CVT)计算得到的速率常数与实验观测值进行了比较 .     

α，β— 蒎烯气相臭氧化速率常数的测定

对α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和O3的大气反应进行了初步实验室模拟,利用长光程傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合相对速率法测得在1.0×105Pa,296±3K条件下,α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和O3气相反应的速率常数分别为2.83×1017cm3@molecule-1@s-1和1.48×1017cm3@molecule-1@s.     

单个水分子影响OH+O3反应的理论研究

利用CCSD(T)和MP2的理论方法研究了OH与臭氧反应,并考虑大气中水分子的影响．理论计算探索了OH与臭氧反应的两个反应通道,计算出的能垒与以前的实验和理论符合得较好．当水分子被加入时,反应变得更加复杂,发现了六个反应通道,更重要的是反应能垒降低约4.18 kJ/mol．为了评估这些过程在大气化学中的重要作用,用过渡态理论计算了反应速率．计算结果表明,在298 K,对于没有水参加反应的反应速率为5.16×10^-14 cm³/(molecule s)与实验一致．     

硝基甲烷异构化反应势能面的ab initio研究

在B3LYP/ 6 311++G(2d ,2p)水平上 ,优化得到硝基甲烷CH3 NO2 的 10种异构体和 2 3个异构化反应过渡态 ,并用G2MP2方法进行了单点能计算 .根据计算得到的G2MP2相对能量 ,探讨了CH3 NO2 势能面上异构化反应的微观机理 .研究表明 ,反应初始阶段的CH3 NO2 异构化过程具有较高的能垒 ,其中CH3 NO2 的两个主要异构化反应通道 ,即CH3 NO2 →CH3 ONO和CH3 NO2 →CH2 N(O)OH的活化能分别为 2 70 .3和 2 6 7.8kJ/mol,均高于CH3 NO2的C -N键离解能 .因而 ,从动力学角度考虑 ,CH3 NO2 的异构化反应较为不利 .     

RRKM理论研究N(4S)+CH2X(X=F,Cl)的反应通道

采用RRKM理论和疏松过渡态模型计算了N(4S) +CH2 X(X =F ,Cl)反应的微正则速率常数和通道分支比 .计算结果表明 ,在较低的内能下 (E =2 80 .2 9kJ/mol) ,N(4S) +CH2 F的主要产物为NCHF +H ,占总产物的5 9.2 % ,次要产物为H2 CN +F ,占 37.4 % .而N(4S) +CH2 Cl反应在E =2 6 7.78kJ/mol时 ,主要产物是H2 CN +Cl,占 90 .3% ,NCHCl+H只占 9.0 % .在内能较高的时候 (取E =5 0 0 .0 0kJ/mol) ,N(4S) +CH2 F的主要通道并未变化 ,而N(4S) +CH2 Cl的主要通道变为NCHCl+H ,比例为 5 1.5 % ,H2 CN +Cl的比例降到 4 0 .4 % .     

OH与蒎烯醇和柠檬烯醇液相反应动力学的实验和理论研究

蒎烯醇与柠檬烯醇分别是α-蒎烯和柠檬烯大气氧化反应的重要产物,它们的挥发性很低,因而容易进入大气的液相粒子,在颗粒相中被大气氧化剂引发液相氧化反应. 通过实验和理论计算研究,首次在304±3 K和大气压下测得这两种醇与OH的液相反应速率,其速率常数分别为(3.05±0.5)×109和(4.57±0.2)×109 L/(mol·s). 采用量子化学密度泛函法计算这两个液相反应的速率常数,计算中考虑了溶剂化效应的影响,计算结果与实验值符合得较好,并用液质联用和理论计算证实了一些反应产物.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.