全光纤白光超连续谱实现563 W输出

受限于短脉冲泵浦源高峰值功率和高平均功率之间的矛盾, 以及短脉冲泵浦源芯径与光子晶体光纤芯径的较大差异, 现有的短脉冲白光超连续谱光源输出在200 W左右。基于短脉冲泵浦源工作频率和脉冲宽度的调节技术、高效的模场匹配技术等, 实现了k W级全光纤短脉冲泵浦源的稳定产生, 以及短脉冲泵浦源与光子晶体光纤纤芯之间的高效耦合, 产生了平均输出功率为563 W的高功率超连续谱光源, 为目前该领域公开报道的最高功率。     

光子晶体光纤非线性光谱特性的理论与实验研究

光子晶体光纤具有特殊的导光机制和结构可调性,可以产生奇异的色散特性及高非线性,为非线性光纤光学领域的研究提供了新的条件。受多种非线性光学效应的共同作用,在不同泵浦光脉冲参数条件下,不同结构参数及传输特性的光子晶体光纤能产生丰富的非线性光谱。利用分步傅里叶方法求解非线性薛定谔方程,模拟飞秒激光脉冲在光子晶体光纤中的传输过程,获得输出光谱与入射光脉冲参数(泵浦光峰值功率P、泵浦光波长λ、光脉冲形状、光脉冲宽度T_FWHM)、光纤结构参数(孔间距Λ、空气填充比d/Λ、光纤长度z)、传输特性(色散、非线性系数)的关系,分析拉曼孤子、色散波、自相位调制等非线性效应产生的光谱特性。利用光子晶体光纤包层节区进行非线性光学实验研究,获得了孤子波和色散波的宽带光谱输出。理论分析与实验测量的光谱中都包括了波长0.5 μm附近可见光波段的蓝移色散波、0.82 μm波段的剩余泵浦光、1.1 μm波段的孤子波、2 μm附近的红移宽带色散波。理论分析与实验测量结果一致,阐明光子晶体光纤中非线性光谱产生的物理原理,实现了对宽带光谱的可控输出,为高非线性光子晶体光纤的结构设计、制备及非线性光谱的应用研究奠定基础。     

窄线宽1064 nm光纤激光泵浦高效率中红外3.8μm MgO:PPLN光参量振荡器

采用放大1064 nm掺镱光纤激光器作为泵浦源,实现了中红外3.8μm MgO:PPLN光参量振荡(OPO)激光输出。在泵浦源中,采用分布式反馈激光器(DFB)作为种子源来实现光纤激光窄线宽的调制,实现线宽2.5 nm到0.1 nm的压缩,最大平均输出功率可达40 W。进一步对不同泵浦线宽条件下中红外3.8μm MgO:PPLN OPO激光进行研究,最终在泵浦功率为18.1 W、线宽为0.1 nm、重频为1 MHz、脉宽为2 ns时,获得了最高平均输出功率为2.06 W的3822.5 nm激光输出,光-光转换效率为11.38%,光束质量为M2=2.34,提高了窄线宽泵浦对中红外MgO:PPLN OPO激光输出效率。     

国产30/600μm掺镱光纤实现4.1kW激光输出

采用化学气相沉积结合气相/液相复合掺杂方式制备30/600 μm掺镱双包层光纤,石英纤芯中的掺杂组分为Yb₂O₃, Al₂O₃,P₂O₅。基于976 nm发光二极管反向抽运方式,构建全光纤化的主控振荡器功率放大器结构对增益光纤进行测试。实验中,种子源功率为189 W,当泵浦总功率为4747 W时,激光输出功率为4120 W,放大级光光效率为85%,3 dB带宽为1.6 nm。激光器连续工作1 h,激光功率稳定在4100 W,未发生明显的功率衰退现象。     

被动锁模光纤激光器中泵浦滞后现象的研究

研究了基于非线性偏振旋转技术的被动锁模光纤激光器中的泵浦滞后现象.用非线性传输模型对泵浦功率滞后的机理进行了分析,发现此激光器中的泵浦滞后现象起因于光纤双折射与偏振选择共同作用引起的激光腔内非线性损耗特性.对泵浦滞后现象进行数值模拟和实验验证,结果与非线性传输模型分析的结论一致,并进一步证实了泵浦滞后现象不仅在连续光锁模产生孤子时存在,在锁模态下孤子的产生和泯灭过程中仍然存在.此外,随着激光腔内孤子数目的增多泵浦滞后现象愈加明显.     

被动锁模光纤激光器中泵浦滞后现象的研究

研究了基于非线性偏振旋转技术的被动锁模光纤激光器中的泵浦滞后现象.用非线性传输模型对泵浦功率滞后的机理进行了分析,发现此激光器中的泵浦滞后现象起因于光纤双折射与偏振选择共同作用引起的激光腔内非线性损耗特性.对泵浦滞后现象进行数值模拟和实验验证,结果与非线性传输模型分析的结论一致,并进一步证实了泵浦滞后现象不仅在连续光锁模产生孤子时存在,在锁模态下孤子的产生和泯灭过程中仍然存在.此外,随着激光腔内孤子数目的增多泵浦滞后现象愈加明显.     

基于Nd:YAG/Cr:YAG/YAG键合晶体LD侧面泵浦激光器

利用Nd∶YAG/Cr∶YAG/YAG键合晶体,建立了具有高平均输出功率的LD侧面泵浦被动调Q激光器系统.当Cr∶YAG的初始透过率为85%、最大泵浦光功率为187.5 W时,1 064nm激光的平均输出功率为83.68W.通过KTP晶体进行倍频,在最大泵浦光功率下,产生了27.2W532nm绿光激光脉冲,同时脉冲宽度和重复频率分别为210ns和21.2kHz;绿光单脉冲能量和峰值功率分别为1.28mJ和6.1kW;泵浦光(808nm)到倍频光(532nm)的光-光效率为14.5%.     

光子晶体光纤中超连续谱产生的理论与实验研究

研究了光子晶体光纤中超连续激光光源的产生机理.利用非线性偏振旋转技术产生的中心波长为1 556.0 nm的飞秒光脉冲作为泵浦光源,在69 m长的高非线性光子晶体光纤中,得到了20 dB带宽约为140 nm的超连续谱;采用实验和数值模拟方法,研究了不同泵浦功率下超连续谱形成的过程.结果表明,在不同的泵浦功率下,超连续谱的形成机理不同,在各种非线性效应的共同作用下,泵浦光脉冲的峰值功率越高,得到超连续谱的带宽越宽,实验与数值模拟结果一致.另外,要想获得平坦的宽带超连续谱,必须选择合适的光纤长度.     

耗散孤子分裂过程的实时测量研究

色散傅里叶变换技术为研究被动锁模光纤激光器中孤子各种瞬时、复杂、非重复的非线性过程提供了一种强有力的实时测量手段。利用色散傅里叶变换技术研究了基于非线性偏振旋转技术的被动锁模光纤激光器中耗散孤子分裂的整个实时动态过程。研究发现,当泵浦功率为280 mW时耗散孤子发生分裂,耗散孤子分裂前首先由噪声背景脉冲产生单孤子脉冲。与泵浦功率为180 mW时的单孤子锁模状态不同的是,分裂前的单孤子的光谱上有新的光谱成分产生。这个新的频率成分会随着孤子脉冲在谐振腔中循环的圈数不断放大和展宽,并最终演化为一个新的耗散孤子脉冲。本研究对明确被动锁模光纤激光器中耗散孤子的产生和分裂机理有着重要的意义。     

双折射光子晶体光纤中超连续谱产生的实验研究

研究了30 fs激光在双折射光子晶体光纤中传输时,泵浦光功率和偏振态对超连续谱产生的影响。实验结果表明:随着泵浦光功率增加,光谱宽度显著增加,出现红移的光孤子和蓝移的色散波;当泵浦光的偏振态分别平行于光子晶体光纤长轴和短轴时,二者都有红移的光孤子和蓝移的色散波,但前者色散波波长更短;当泵浦光偏振态介于长轴与短轴之间,可能在色散波之外出现了交叉相位波,产生的超连续谱最强,且其近场光斑最大且最亮。     

Broadband tunable Raman soliton self-frequency shift to mid-infrared band in a highly birefringent microstructure fiber

Raman soliton self-frequency shifted to mid-infrared band(λ 2 μm) has been achieved in an air-silica microstructure fiber(MF). The MF used in our experiment has an elliptical core with diameters of 1.08 and 2.48 μm for fast and slow axis. Numerical simulation shows that each fundamental orthogonal polarization mode has two wide-spaced λZDW and theλZDW pairs located at 701/2110 nm and 755/2498 nm along the fast and slow axis, respectively. Using 810-nm Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser as pump, when the output power varies from 0.3 to 0.5 W, the furthest red-shift Raman solitons in both fast and slow axis shift from near-infrared band to mid-infrared band, reaching as far as 2030 and 2261 nm. Also, midinfrared Raman solitons can always be generated for pump wavelength longer than 790 nm if output pump power reaches0.5 W. Specifically, with pump power at 0.5 W, the mid-infrared soliton in slow axis shifts from 2001 to 2261 nm when the pump changes from 790 nm to 810 nm. This means only a 20 nm change of pump results in 260 nm tunability of a mid-infrared soliton.     

在远离光子晶体光纤零色散波长的正常色散区入射飞秒脉冲产生四波混频及孤子效应的实验研究

在远离光子晶体光纤零色散波长的正常色散区入射飞秒脉冲,实验产生了一对由四波混频引起的信号波带和闲频波带,及一对由脉冲内拉曼散射和非孤子辐射引起的孤子和色散波带,并观察到功率饱和现象.利用有限元法理论模拟了光纤的色散和非线性特性,用四波混频的相位匹配条件模拟了光纤在满足相位匹配条件下所产生的信号波带和闲频波带出现的可能位置,并与实验结果符合得很好.结果表明:即使在光子晶体光纤的正常色散区抽运激光脉冲亦可以产生四波混频和孤子效应;研究发现四波混频的产生是由四阶色散参量引起的;并进一步从理论上解释了孤子及色散波的产生原因.     

Impacts of operational parameters on nonlinear polarization rotation-based passively mode-locked fiber laser

The operational parameters including the polarization controlling and the pump power in a nonlinear polarization rotation-based passively mode-locked fiber laser are studied in this paper.The carrier rate equations of the activated erbium-doped fiber are first employed together with the nonlinear Shro¨dinger equations to reveal the relation between the operational parameters and the output state of the passively mode-locked fiber laser.The numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the output state of the mode-locked laser varies with the polarization controlling and the pump power.The periodicity of the polarization controlling is observed.With given pump power,there exists a set of polarization controlling under which the ultra-short pulse can be generated.With given polarization controlling,the mode-locked state can be maintained generally except for some particular values of pump power.Three shapes of the output optical spectra from the fiber cavity can be identified when the pump power changes.The results in this paper provide a comprehensive insight into the operation of the nonlinear polarization rotation-based passively mode-locked fiber laser.     

Soliton fusion and fission for the high-order coupled nonlinear Schr?dinger system in fiber lasers

With the rapid development of communication technology,optical fiber communication has become a key research area in communications.When there are two signals in the optical fiber,the transmission of them can be abstracted as a high-order coupled nonlinear Schr¨odinger system.In this paper,by using the Hirota’s method,we construct the bilinear forms,and study the analytical solution of three solitons in the case of focusing interactions.In addition,by adjusting different wave numbers for phase control,we further discuss the influence of wave numbers on soliton transmissions.It is verified that wave numbers k₁₁,k₂₁,k₃₁,k₂₂,and k₃₂can control the fusion and fission of solitons.The results are beneficial to the study of all-optical switches and fiber lasers in nonlinear optics.     

窄线宽脉冲光纤激光的自相位调制预补偿研究

自相位调制(SPM)效应会展宽窄线宽脉冲光纤激光的光谱宽度,降低其相干性.通过相位调制对SPM引起的非线性相移进行预补偿,能够使脉冲激光在光纤中进行放大和传输后保持种子激光的光谱特性.基于三波耦合方程开展数值仿真,研究了在对SPM进行"欠补偿","完全补偿"和"过补偿"的情况下,SPM预补偿对受激布里渊散射阈值和激光光谱特性的影响.开展了SPM预补偿实验研究,将脉冲激光的光谱宽度从1.4 GHz压缩到120 MHz.研究内容可以为窄线宽脉冲光纤激光系统的设计搭建提供参考.     

Numerical investigation on broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in chalcogenide suspended-core fibers

As_2S_3 and As_2Se_3 chalcogenide 3-bridges suspended-core fibers(SCFs) are designed with shifted zero-dispersion wavelengths(ZDWs) at around 1.5 μm, 2 μm, and 2.8 μm, respectively. A generalized nonlinear Schr ¨odinger equation is used to numerically compare supercontinuum(SC) generation in these SCFs pumped at an anomalous dispersion region nearby their ZDWs. Evolutions of the long-wavelength edge(LWE), the power proportion in the long-wavelength region(PPL), and spectral flatness(SF) are calculated and analyzed. Meanwhile, the optimal pump parameters and fiber length are given with LWE, PPL, and SF taken into account. For As_2S_3 SCFs, SC from a 14 mm-long fiber with a ZDW of 2825 nm pumped at 2870 nm can achieve the longest LWE of ～ 13 μm and PPL up to ～72%. For As_2Se_3 SCFs, the LWE of 15.5 μm and the highest PPL of ～ 87% can be achieved in a 10 mm-long fiber with ZDW of 1982 nm pumped at 2000 nm. Although the As_2Se_3 SCFs can achieve much longer LWE than the As_2S_3 SCFs, the core diameter of As_2Se_3 SCFs will be much smaller to obtain a similar ZDW, leading to lower damage threshold and output power. Finally, the optimal parameters for generating SC spanning over different mid-IR windows are given.     

Mid-infrared supercontinuum and optical frequency comb generations in a multimode tellurite photonic crystal fiber

We numerically investigate the mid-infrared(MIR) supercontinuum(SC) and SC-based optical frequency comb(OFC) generations when the three optical modes(LP01, LP02, and LP12) are considered in a multimode tellurite photonic crystal fiber(MM-TPCF). The geometrical parameters of the MM-TPCF are optimized to support the multimode propagation and obtain the desired dispersion characteristics of the considered three optical modes. When the pump pulse with center wavelength λ = 2.5 μm, width T = 80 fs, and peak power P = 18 k W is coupled into the anomalous dispersion region of the LP01, LP02, and LP12 modes of the MM-TPCF, the-40-d B bandwidth of the generated MIR SCs can be up to2.56, 1.39, and 1.12 octaves, respectively, along with good coherence. Moreover, the nonlinear dynamics of the generated SCs are analyzed. Finally, the MIR SCs-based OFCs are demonstrated when a train of 50 pulses at 1-GHz repetition rate is used as the pump source and launched into the MM-TPCF.     

All-fiber erbium-doped dissipative soliton laser with multimode interference based on saturable-reserve saturable hybrid optical switch

Reverse saturable absorption is essential for the realization of dissipative solitons. In this paper, we introduce reverse saturable absorption by using nonlinear multimode interference (NL-MMI), for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and obtain a stable dissipative soliton operation. By adjusting the coupling efficiency from multimode fiber to single mode fiber, the absorption properties of NL-MMI can be switched between saturation and reverse saturation. The dissipative soliton can be obtained with pulse width of 975 fs in the experiment, the 3-dB bandwidth at 1555 nm is 16 nm, and the maximum output power is 11.48 mW. The nonlinear absorption optical modulation and high damage threshold characteristics of the NL-MMI based ultrafast optical switch provide a new idea for realizing dissipative solitons.     

Demonstration of an all-optical switching operation using an optical fiber grating coupler

An optical fiber grating coupler (FGC) is a fused optical fiber coupler with a tapered region in which refractive index-modulated gratings are written. In the FGC, the light with specific wavelength satisfying the Bragg condition of the grating can be dropped to one output port and other lights are transmitted to another output port when lights with various wavelengths are launched into the input port. The FGC can operate as an all-optical switch by controlling the Bragg wavelength of the grating using a third order nonlinear optical effect caused by a control light that are launched with a signal light. In this paper, an all-optical switching operation due to a third order nonlinear optical effect in an FGC is first demonstrated for a signal light with 1.55 μm-wavelength to be changed from one port of the FGC to another one by the 720 W peak of a control light from a Nd:YAG laser with 1.06 μm-wavelength. The switching efficiency obtained was 7%. It was clarified that a longer pulse length of the control light compared to the grating length is required to obtain a large Bragg wavelength shift for the switching. It was also clarified that the Bragg wavelength shift is caused by a third order nonlinear effect and a photothermal effect. A contribution of the photothermal effect was estimated. We also estimated the switching efficiency for pump power in the FGC switch.     

Widely tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation at a 10-GHz repetition rate by use of the soliton self-frequency shift in photonic crystal fiber

We demonstrate a soliton self-frequency shift of approximately 120 nm in a fiber with 1.56-microm pulses generated at a 10-GHz repetition rate by an actively mode-locked laser. A highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber with a length of only 12.6 m and a nonlinear coefficient of 62 W(-1) km(-1) is used to achieve such broadband operation. The wavelengths of the resulting sub-300-fs solitons can be tuned effectively by adjusting the input power. The maximum output power of the solitons exceeds 200 mW.