Stereoscopic Full-Color Light Emitting Diode Display Using Parallax Barrier for Different Interpupillary Distances

The viewing areas of stereoscopic full-color light emitting diode (LED) displays using parallax barriers are investigated for viewing by observers with different interpupillary distances. We have developed stereoscopic full-color LED displays using three types of parallax barriers for different interpupillary distances. Experiments on distance perception of stereoscopic targets have been conducted with the stereoscopic LED displays using parallax barriers, as well as a stereoscopic LED display using polarizing eyewear. It was shown that enlargement of the viewing area allows several viewers with different interpupillary distances to view a stereoscopic image. It is suggested that parallax barriers designed for narrower interpupillary distances than the viewer’s own provide a viewer with stereoscopic perception.     

Effect of thickness of parallax barrier on viewing angle of one-dimensional integral imaging display

A parameter design of a parallax barrier is one of the most important keys to design a one-dimensional integral imaging (1DII) display using parallax barrier. The relationship between the thickness of the parallax barrier and the viewing angle of the 1DII display is studied, and the maximal value of the thickness is also obtained. When the thickness of the parallax barrier is greater than the maximal value, the viewing angle of the 1DII display is decreased with increasing the thickness of the parallax barrier. A prototype of the 1DII display using parallax barrier is developed, and the experimental results agree well with the theory.     

One-dimensional integral imaging based on parallax barrier

One-dimensional integral imaging (1DII) which only has horizontal disparity is a practical solution of high resolution in the vertical direction, low-cost, easy-viewable three-dimensional (3D) display. A 1DII based on a parallax barrier is proposed in this paper. The 1DII consists of a parallax barrier and a display panel. The operation principle and parameter calculation of the 1DII are described in detail. Two prototypes of the proposed 1DII and conventional 1DII based on a lenticular lens array are developed. The proposed 1DII improves the quality of the 3D image and provides larger viewing angle than that based on a lenticular lens array, and it is simpler and has lower cost than that based on a lenticular lens array.     

外部光反射参数对LED显示屏全视角对比度的影响

由于对比度计算方法的局限性使得计算得到的对比度值与LED显示屏在实际中的显示效果会出现不吻合的现象。针对此现象主要对两个方面的内容进行分析。首先,分析LED测量方法中对比度与视角之间的相互关系,在此基础上建立各视角对比度参数。并且利用实际测得的此参数结果与通过LED测量方法计算的数据作对比,表明利用计算方法计算得到的对比度值与实际上在复杂因素的影响下采集得到的对比度结果存在差异,证实各视角对比度参数的计算方法存在问题。其次,分析外部影响参数如测量角度、反射参数在简单光照明下的模型,利用此模型计算得到背景亮度函数曲线,并与实验测得的背景亮度结果作对比,证明了两者结果的一致性。在此基础上,就可以以此模型为背景亮度函数式建立新对比度函数表达式,通过此表达式模拟显示屏上各视角对比度,使得到的函数曲面与使用LED测量方法计算得到的函数曲线相比较,证实LED测量方法中对比度计算方法的理想化,并说明了产生上述不吻合现象的原因。     

非相干成像双目视觉系统的误差分析

影响双目视觉系统测量精度的因素很多,目前系统结构参数对测量精度的影响主要有光轴与基线的夹角、基线距离、水平视角、物距以及透镜焦距等。由于孔径尺寸直接影响成像分辨率,是决定双目视觉测量精度的核心因素,因此依据非相干成像理论,对双目成像过程进行仿真和实验,采用加速鲁棒特征算法对所成的图像对进行特征提取与匹配,获取其视差值,并且计算其视差均方根误差来表征系统误差。研究结果表明,系统误差随着透镜孔径大小的增大而减小,并且趋于饱和。该研究可以为双目系统设计过程中系统参数和孔径尺寸的选取提供理论和实验依据。     

自由立体显示器中锯齿状交错狭缝光栅的设计

光栅式自由立体显示由于易存在莫尔条纹和串扰的问题而影响其显示效果.利用斜光栅可减轻莫尔条纹但增加了视点间的串扰.本文提出一种减轻莫尔条纹的光栅设计方法,同时对可视区域影响较小.设计中对光栅进行分段,并将相邻两段狭缝错开一定距离.该方法能减小通过同一狭缝看到两相邻子像素之间的黑条的比例,获得较宽且较淡的莫尔条纹,从而减轻了视觉干扰.仿真结果表明该光栅相比传统垂直光栅,莫尔条纹亮度下降了108.1％,而可视区域仅减小32.8％,具有较高的实用价值.     

自由立体显示器中锯齿状交错狭缝光栅的设计

光栅式自由立体显示由于易存在莫尔条纹和串扰的问题而影响其显示效果.利用斜光栅可减轻莫尔条纹但增加了视点间的串扰.本文提出一种减轻莫尔条纹的光栅设计方法,同时对可视区域影响较小.设计中对光栅进行分段,并将相邻两段狭缝错开一定距离.该方法能减小通过同一狭缝看到两相邻子像素之间的黑条的比例,获得较宽且较淡的莫尔条纹,从而减轻了视觉干扰.仿真结果表明该光栅相比传统垂直光栅,莫尔条纹亮度下降了108.1%,而可视区域仅减小32.8%,具有较高的实用价值.     

Shared pixel based parallax barrier 3D display with high brightness

The parallax barrier 3D display is an autostereoscopic display with low cost. However, the conventional parallax barrier 3D display has a disadvantage of low brightness. Therefore, a parallax barrier 3D display based on shared pixels is proposed. The shared pixels have adapted pixel values which limit crosstalk in a low level, so that they can be displayed simultaneously in both two parallax images. These pixels increase aperture ratio of the parallax barrier. Therefore, they can bring high brightness. A prototype of the proposed 3D display is developed and it has higher brightness than those based on the conventional one.     

基于高分辨力CCD的大口径光学元件疵病检测

 介绍了一种利用高分辨力CCD快速检测大口径光学元件表面和体内疵病的方法。利用侧照明方式对大口径光学元件进行均匀掠射照明,表面和体内疵病因为散射在暗室成像过程中影像被放大。对比研究了疵病示踪尺寸和真实尺寸,得出近似数学关系,利用高分辨力CCD,通过一次性成像获得光学元件疵病尺寸近似值、2维空间位置等定量描述表面特征的信息。     

基于自由曲面的LED全反射准直透镜的设计

为在特定角度范围内实现所需照明,满足各类LED照明系统的要求,提出一种适用于扩展光源的透射 全反射复合曲面的LED透镜设计方法。根据光源的大小由非成像光学原理确定反射面面型并计算光源发散角度,再根据照射的角度要求进行自由曲面的透镜设计。文章给出了设计思想及方法,并设计了一款出射半角为2.5的透镜实例,分析了误差对实际结果的影响。     

高均匀度超薄直下式LED平板灯混光元件的设计与研究

为了设计更好的LED平板灯光学结构,解决现存的直下式LED平板灯厚度大,光源密度大的缺点,提出了两种兼具反射、投射作用的混光元件结构:椎台结构和半球型结构,并将其应用于超薄直下式LED平板灯的设计,以增加光线的耦合距离来提高出光均匀度.借助Tracepro软件研究两种不同结构混光元件应用于LED平板灯时的出光均匀度和光效率,运用Taguchi方法设计实验进行研究.结果表明,带有棱锥型结构元件的灯具均匀度达到95.42%,光效率达到92.72%,而带半球型结构元件灯具均匀度达到97.67%,光效率达到92.65%,其均匀度高于棱锥结构的原因是棱锥形状混光元件反射面的定向反射导致光线方向过于集中.     

3D display with uniform resolution and low crosstalk based on two parallax interleaved barriers

The resolution of the parallax image is inversely proportional to the view number in the horizontal direction for the traditional autostereoscopic display based on a parallax barrier. To balance the resolution in the vertical and horizontal directions, two parallax interleaved barriers are designed. The liquid crystal display panel provides the synthetic image with square pixel units, and the pixels in a unit are distributed to different horizontal views. Two parallax interleaved barriers work together to modulate pixels in vertical and horizontal directions. 3D display with uniform resolution and low crosstalk is demonstrated.     

On-axis computer-generated holograms for three-dimensional display

The feasibility of on-axis synthetic near-field amplitude holograms for three-dimensional display applications is demonstrated. An iterative optimization algorithm is used that generates an object-dependent diffuser that utilizes the phase and, to some extent, amplitude freedoms in the reconstruction plane. The discrimination between twin images and undiffracted terms is thus improved. The on-axis approach presents important advantages: a low coherence requirement for the illuminating source, a lower spacebandwidth and higher viewing angle than with the off-axis alternatives. Defocusing and parallax are experimentally attained with an extended white-light source and a lensless setup.     

A full resolution autostereoscopic 3D display based on polarizer parallax barrier

A full resolution autostereoscopic three-dimensional （3D） display prototype is developed. It is composed of a time division thin film transistor liquid crystal display panel with an optical controlled birefringence liquid crystal polarization switch and a polarizer parallax barrier. Fast driving circuits operating at 120-Hz frame rate are fabricated. The 3D images on the display have the same resolution as the corresponding two-dimensional images, which is significantly different from conventional parallax barrier autostereoscopic 3D displays having degraded 3D image resolution.     

周视彩虹全息图中共轭像的抑制

本文从理论和实验两方面分析了共轭像的干扰问题,求得了共轭像强度对记录介质厚度及物光—参考光夹角的依赖关系,并对普通6μm干板给出了抑制共轭像的条件.     

实现均匀照明的自由曲面反射器

通过单个自由曲面反射器的反射,令光源发出的能量重新分布,在特定照明面上实现所需照明,从而简化了投影设备中的照明系统,使设备的进一步小型化成为可能。根据给出的光源辐射特性和所需实现的照明面上的能量分布,可得到一组偏微分方程,数值差分求解直接得到自由曲面反射器。光源采用发光面积1 mm×1 mm朗伯体发光的LED,视角为120°,照明面为4:3的均匀矩形光斑。设计了两种自由曲面反射器,并用软件对得到的曲面进行了照明模拟,模拟得到的照明均匀性接近90%。两种反射器在光轴方向上的投影尺寸均小于25 mm,垂直光轴方向上投影长度均小于22 mm,照明系统总长均小于40 mm,结构紧凑,适用于小型LED投影设备。     

基于双自由曲面的LED大角度光学透镜设计

针对直下式LED背光源的均匀照明系统,采用双自由曲面组合,设计了一种大角度光学透镜结构。通过近光源面的自由曲面将光发散成的c/cos3(θ)型光场分布,再利用远光源面实现目标面的均匀分布。这样可以在短距离条件下实现大面积的均匀照明,相对于传统的单自由曲面设计,有效地避免了全反射的发生,提高了照明区域的面积。采用光线追迹软件对所设计的结构进行仿真,通过对模拟结果的分析,在灯箱厚度为15mm时,单透镜均匀照明面积可以达到60mm。采用正三角阵列分布,整个目标面均匀度达到87.5%。相对于传统的大功率器件的直下式光源方式,提高了照明的均匀度,同时大大减少了箱体的厚度。     

基于旋转二维发光二极管阵列的体三维显示系统

利用发光二极管 (LED)的高速发光特性 ,以旋转的二维发光二极管阵列为显示载体 ,通过时分寻址电路快速显示三维形体的二维截面序列。受调制的离散二维图像信息 ,因视觉暂留而形成深度效应 ,将被整合感知为一幅连续的三维图像。成功实现了具有 4 915 2个体像素 ,尺寸为14 4 .6mm× 110mm的柱体空间内的三维显示 ,图像具有双目视差、调节、会聚等常规视差信息 ,能提供真实的深度暗示 ,可同时从任意角度直接观察。论述了系统的显示原理及图像编码分解方法 ,分析和讨论了显示质量与体像素优化选取、起始位置显示信息的关联程度     

反射式多路投影立体显示系统的研究

设计了一种反射式多路投影立体显示系统,并介绍了该系统的成像原理及特性。系统将12幅视差图同时投影在柱面栅上,观察者仅凭肉眼就可看到具有双眼视差和运动视差的立体图像。系统成像视域较大,可以同时供多人观看。     

Optimisation of the light transmission and irradiance distribution of an aspherical lens for 3-D time-of-flight sensors

The irradiance distribution and power transmission in a 3-D sensor, which is based on the principle of time-of-flight (TOF) and uses modulated active illumination, should be optimised because of a large light energy damper and low signal-noise ratio at the receiver detector array. A numerical design of a spherical–aspherical lens with large numerical aperture has been presented to generate a homogeneous irradiance on a measure object from an LED source. Based on the design and analysis of reflection loss, optimisations have been taken to maximise the optical transmittance of the lens. The results show that the total transmittance can be improved by optimising the shape and material of the lens.